Along with the advance in national economy, modern concept of burn rehabilitation from major burn injury implies that measures should be taken to help the patients return to society with dignity. This article briefly reviews the development and achievement of burn rehabilitation in our country, as well as the current difficulties in carrying out rehabilitation measures such as outmoded ideology, lack of trained personnel, low rat of popularization, outdated techniques and methodology, and relatively low level in scientific research, etc. The future development of burn rehabilitation in our country needs more social support, popular attention, and multidisciplinary joint efforts to help burn patients return to society with dignity. In order to fulfill this goal, we still have a long way to go.
Animals ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; China ; Humans ; Rats

Objective To further study the blood supply mechanism of blocking flap and establish the standard of transferring the flap.Methods 7 groups of flap were made on 5 mini-Banna pigs.For each group,we had research flap and control flap on the right side and left side of each pig.After flap blocking operation,we detected the skin temperature of the flap on the 3rd,7th and 10th day.Results There was no statistic difference between each group before operation,but there was statistic difference after operation.Conclusion Temperature detecting may help choose the right time(32.5~33.5℃) for transferring the blocking flap.

ObjectiveTo study the dose and time effects of X-ray radiation on the expression of Pokemon gene and protein in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.MethodsA549 cells was exposed to different doses of X-ray (2,4,6 and 8 Gy),and the expression of Pokemon mRNA and protein of the cells was detected by using Quantitative real-time PCR and western-blotting at 2,4,8,12,24,and 48 h after irradiation. 3-( 4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl )-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromidewasused to detectthe proliferation of A549 cells at 1,2,3,4,and 5 d after 2 Gy X-ray irradiation.The mock treated A549 cells were used as the control.ResultsThe expression of Pokemon mRNA trended to decrease after irradiated with 4,6 and 8 Gy in the earlier period and increased in the later period with statistical difference at the most time points (t =3.40 -154.76,P =0.000 -0.041 ).The expression of Pokemon protein trended to increase and reached the peak at 8 h after irradiated of 2,4,6 and 8 Gy with statistical difference at the most time points ( t =4.18 - 89.64,P =0.000 - 0.039).Compared with the control,the proliferation of A549 cells was significantly inhibited during 3 to 5 d after irradiation of 2 Gy ( t =2.34 - 18.19,P =0.000 -0.040).ConclusionsX-ray irradiation may increase the expression of Pokemon mRNA and protein in A549 cells,which might be correlated with radiation-resistance of A549 cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of carbachol on intestinal inflammation and mucosal blood flow after gut ischemia-repedusion(I/R) in rat. Method A jejunal sac was formed in Wistar rats. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 45 mi-nutes followed by 240 minutes of reperfusion. Animals were random divided into three groups: sham operation, L/R + saline injection (I/R + NS) and I/R + carbachol injection (0.1mg/kg, I/R + Ca). Immediately after occluded of SAM blood flow, either 0.1mg/kg of carba-chol or same account of 0.9% saline was injected into the jejunal sac. The pathological injury was observed with HE staining. The activity of DAO and content of TNF-α in intestinal mucosa tissue were determined. Mucosal blood flow was measured by laser Doppler. All measure-ments were done at 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 240 min after reperfusion. Result In I/R group the activity of DAO in intestinal mucosa and mucosal blood flow deceased, meanwhile the content of TNF-α gut tissue was dramatically increased than those in sham operation (P<0.01). Severe pathological changes were observed in intestinal mucosa. After injection of carbachol, the activity of DAO and mucosal blood flow increased (P<0.01), but the content of TNF-α in intestinal mucosa were dramatically decreased (P<0.01), compared with those in I/R group. Conclusion Administration of carbachol protects intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating intestinal mucosa inflammation and increasing gut mueosal blood flow.

Objective To investigate the effects of repeated low dose intravenous infusion of low molecular weight iron dextran and iron sucrose on oxidative stress in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. Methods CRF model was established by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (5/6 Nx). Four weeks after removing the right kidney, successful rats were randomly divided into low molecular weight iron dextran group, sucrose iron group and CRF control group. The sham group was established simultaneously. The dose of iron administrated in each rat was similar in iron dextran group and sucrose iron group. There were 6 rats in each group. Animals were observed for 6weeks, then the blood, urine and renal tissue samples were collected, and indexes of renal function,anemia, iron status and oxidative stress were investigated. Results The hemoglobulin (Hb) level in iron groups was significantly higher as compared to control group (P＜0.05) but was not significantly different between two iron groups. The levels of serum iron, ferritin and saturation rate of transferring (TS) were obviously lower in control group as compared to sham group (P＜0.05).Levels of above 3 indexes were significantly higher in two iron groups as compared to control group (P＜0.05), but were not significantly different between two iron groups. Concentration of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) was obviously higher in two iron groups than that in control group [(127.84±21.19) μmol/L, (134.21±29.38) μmol/L vs (81.83±19.93) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. Plasma malonaldehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in iron sucrose group than that in iron dextran group [(6.06±0.73) nmol/L vs (4.99i0.80) nmol/L, P＜0.05]. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC) had no significant differences among three CRF groups. Concentration of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly decreased in three CRF groups as compared to sham group (P＜0.05), while plasma GSH-Px was significantly lower in sucrose iron group than that in iron dextran group and control group [(2123.11±74.78)nmol ·ml-1 ·min-1 vs (2352.84±163.90) nmol· ml-1 ·min-1, (2310.23±125.99) nmol ·ml-1 ·min-1, P＜0.05]. Conclusions Injection of intravenous iron can partially improve the anemia and the iron status indexes in 5/6 Nx CRF rats. Repeated low dose intravenous infusion of iron dextran and iron sucrose can aggravate the oxidative stress state in CRF rats, and the iron sucrose is worst.

Objective To investigate the location and expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) subunits in the remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomy rats. Methods Remnant kidneys were produced in adult male SD rats by 5/6 nephrectomy. The renal function and histopathological changes were evaluated at week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 after operation. Tissues of remnant kidneys were collected to detect the location and expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting. The mRNA levels of HIF targeted genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by RTPCR. Results (1) 5/6 nephrectomy rats underwent one week of acute renal failure at first[Scr (122.8±22.1) μmol/L] and then developed compensative chronic renal failure [(66.0±3.7)-(66.4±8.4) μmol/L], but the level of Scr increased quickly after week 6 [(66.4±8.4)-(127.8±22.7) μmol/L],concomitantly with progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis in remnant kidney cortex. (2) In cortex, HIF-1α was expressed only in the atrophic and dilated tubular cells while HIF-2α was located in endothelial, interstitial fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The semiquantitative results of imunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed that HIF-1α and HIF-2α were both gradually up-regulated during the early stage of remnant kidney, peaked at week 4 and 6, and then gradually down-regulated. (3) The mRNA levels of HIF targeted genes VEGF and HO-1 transiently peeked at week 4 and 6, and then decreased gradually. Conclusions The increased stabilization of HIF-αprotein and transcription of HIF targeted genes at the early stage of this model is a compensation reaction towards hypoxia. The mechanism of decreased expression of HIF-α at the end stage of chronic kidney disease deserves further investigation.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of mesenthymal stem cells (MSCs)derived bone marrow of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) on function of monocytederived dendritic cells in vitro. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients were obtained and cultured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from normal volunteers were isolated and cultured in DC differentiational condition. Moreover, PBMCs were co-cultured with CML bone marrow-derived MSCs (CML-MSC) or normal volunteers' bone marrow-derived MSC (normal-MSC) in DC differentiational condition. Immunophenotype and the endocytosis of monocytederived DCs were investigated by FACS. The level of IL-12 was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The immunoregulatory ability was detected by mixed lymphocyte culture assay. Results CML-MSCs or normal-MSC inhibited the up-regulation of CD1a,CD40,CD80,CD86,and HLA-DR during DC differentiation and reduced CD40,CD86,and CD83 expression during DC maturation. CML-MSCs inhibited the endocytosis of DCs and decreased their capacity to secret IL-12. CML-MSC could significantly suppress the function of DCs stimulating proliferation of T lymphocytes. Conclusion CML-derived MSCs harbored effect on the differentiation and maturation of DCs in vitro ; CML-MSC could inhibit the immunregulation of DCs.

OBJECTIVETo establish an experimental model for exploring the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.

METHODSRecombinant plasmids of HCV-C gene were constructed by molecular cloning techniques and identified by PCR and restriction enzyme mapping.The plasmids were then transfected into QBC939 cells (a cholangiocarcinoma cell line) by Lipofection. After selection with G418, resistant colonies were obtained and analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The morphology was observed by trans mission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of NF-(k)B was detected by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSRecombinant plasmid was shown by PCR and restriction enzyme mapping to carry the target gene. Moreover, it could efficiently express HCV-C protein in QBC939 cells. HCV-like particles were found in the cytoplasm by TEM, which were spherical with a diameter of 50-80 nm and possessed an outer membrane. Moreover, NF-(k)B activation could be shown in HCV core-transfected cells.

CONCLUSIONExpression of the HCV-C gene in cholangiocarcinoma cells was achieved. Transfected tumor cells (QBC939-HCVc) could be used as a model to study the effect of HCV on the development of cholangiocarcinoma.

Bile Duct Neoplasms ; chemistry ; etiology ; virology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; chemistry ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.

METHODSRecombinant plasmid of HCV-C gene constructed by molecular cloning technique was identified with restricting enzyme map. Then, it was transfected into QBC939 cells with lipofectin. After selection with G418, the resistant colonies were obtained and analysed by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Their morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of NF-kappa B was detected by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSThe results suggested that the recombinant plasmid was proved to carry the target gene by restricting enzyme map. Moreover, it could express HCV-C protein efficiently in QBC939 cells. The HCV-like particles were found in the cytoplasm by TEM, which were spherical with diameter of 50-80 nm possessing an outer membrane. Moreover, NF-kappa B activation was shown in HCV core gene-transfected cells.

CONCLUSIONBecause HCV-C gene could express steadily in cholangiocarcinoma cells, the transfected tumor cells (QBC939-HCVc) are an experimental model for studying the effect of HCV on the development of cholangiocarcinoma. The activation of NF-kappa B may be related to escape from immune surveillance and carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma ; genetics ; virology ; Gene Expression ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; virology ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the infection of HB (C)V. METHODS Combined with clinical data, immunohistochemistry was used to detect HBXAg antigen and HCV-C protein in 68 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. RESULTS Six cases(8.8%) were positive to HBXAg antigen and 24 cases (35.0%) to HCV-C protein respectively. One case was positive to both HBXAg antigen and HCV-C protein. There were statistical differences in differentiation and invasion, lymph node metastasis, treatment between hilar cholangiocarcinomas infected HB(C)V and those non-infected. CONCLUSIONS HBXAg antigen and HCV-C protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma infected HB(C)V may have a high malignancy and more poor prognosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; etiology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; etiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Trans-Activators ; analysis ; Viral Core Proteins ; analysis