Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and adverse reaction of PCA,and identify the efficacious nursing on 40 paediatric patients of different ages(5-14 years) who experienced abdominal and perineal operations.Methods 40 patients were divided into two groups with formulation analgesia used for PCA 0.075% bupivocaine 100 ml and Fentanyl 0.2 mg in children aged 5-14 years;one for pump speed 3 ml/h in aged 5-9 years,and patient-controlled analgesia by children or parents;another for pump speed 4 ml/h in children aged 10-14 years,and patient-controlled analgesia by children themselves.The effects of postoperative analgesia were observed as well as adverse reactions such as nausea,vomiting,skin itching,urinary retention,headache,etc.Results Analgesia effect was good,and the vital signs was stable with SPO2 over 95%.None was respiratory depression and headache,and two had nausea and vomiting,and one cutaneous pruritus.Conclusions PCA is safe and effective in the paediatric patients of different ages(5-14 years) who experienced abdominal and perineal operations.

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)and early-onset Parkinson's disease(EOPD).Methods Polymerase chsin reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the genotypes of polymorphisms in MAO-B in 65 patients in EOPD group(early-onset age<50 years),60 in late-onset Parkinson's disease(LOPD) group(late-onset age≥160 years)and 66 healthy controls(<50 years).Results The frequency of AA genotype was higher in EOPD groups(49/65,75.4%)than in healthy controls(34/66,51.5%),and the difference between them was statistically significant(x2=8.075,P=0.018).The frequency of AA genotype between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and male healthy controls,between female in EOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequencies of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and LOPD group,between female in EOPD group and in LOPD group had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in LOPD group and in healthy controls,between female in LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of A alleles was higher in EOPD group(107/130,82.3%)than in healthy controls(87/132,65.9%)and the difierence between them was statistical significant(x2=9.165,P=0.002).The frequency of A allele between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele was higher in male EOPD group (60/70,85.7%) than in male healthy controls(51/72,70. 8% ), the difference between them was statistically significant (X2 =4. 606, P=0. 032) ;the frequency of A alleles was higher in female in EOPD group (47/60,78. 3% ) than in female healthy controls(36/60,60. 0% ), the difference between them was statistical significance( x2 =4. 728, P = 0. 030). The frequency of A alleles between male EOPD group and male LOPD group, between female EOPD group and female LOPD group had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele between male LOPD group and male healthy controls, between female LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance. Conclusions The AA genotype of MAO-B is the risk factor of EOPD. The A allele of MAO-B is a risk factor of EOPD group for both male and female.

Objective To study and compare the efficacy and safety of meropenem and imipenem cilastatin in the treatment of elderly patients with pulmonary infection.Methods A total of 124 elderly patients with pulmonary infection treated in our hospital were chosen.They were randomly divided into two groups.61 patients in the control group were treated with imipenem cilastatin, and 63 patients in the study group were treated with meropenem injection.After two weeks of treatment, the clearance rate of the pathogens, the effective rate of treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clearance rate of pathogens in the study group was 98.41%, significantly higher than the control group (88.52%).There was no significant difference in effective rate between the study group (98.41%) and the control group(93.44%).There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the study group (7.94%) and the control group (13.11%).Conclusion Meropenem or imipenem cilastatin has similar effective rate and adverse reactions , while meropenem could effectively eradicate bacterial infection in the treatment of pulmonary infection in elderly patients.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the content of visible components of EPS ,and to investigate the rela‐tionship between the main parameters of semen and EPS .Methods On the basis of white blood cell count of EPS ,the patients were divided into group A (inflammatory patients ,n=189) and group B (non‐inflammatory patients ,n=94) .The density ,(a+b) activi‐ty and survival rate of sperm were detected by CASA .Results There was no linear correlation between the number of white blood cells and lecithin bodies or red blood cells .Compared with group B ,the sperm density and (a+b) level of sperm activity and surviv‐al rates of semen were significantly decreased in group A (P<0 .05 or P<0 .01) .Conclusion The number of white blood cells of EPS could affect sperm quality of the patients .

The occurrence and development of tumor depends not only on the tumor itself,but also depends on the soil survival of tumor cells,that is the tumor microenvironment.Studies confirm that the changes of blood vessels and hypoxic of tumor microenvironment maintain the stemness of cancer stem cell,and further strengthen the ability of tumor invasion and metastasis.Studying the molecular mechanism of tumor development from angiogenesis and lack of oxygen can provide new ideas for the clinical targeted therapy.

Objective]To explore clinical experience in treating pregnancy uterine cavity effusion by tonifying kidney to remove blood stasis. [Method] With the study of TCM literature on pregnancy uterine cavity effusion, by combining with clinical practice, it expounds pathogenesis and treatment of syndrome differentiation of pregnancy uterine cavity effusion. [Result]The main pathogenesis of this disease focuses on kidney deficiency and blood stasis which can impair Chong and Ren channels,inducing insecurity of the fetal origin,so the clinical treatment principle centers on tonifying kidney to remove blood stasis,and the self-decoction that is the basic recipe may change with symptom, making the fetal origin secure. [Conclusion] Method of tonifying kidney to remove blood stasis is quite effective for pregnancy uterine cavity effusion in clinic,and it is worth further study.

Objective:To investigate the retinal toxicity of chitosan and gentamicin- chitosan gel. Methods:Sixteen albino New Zealand rabbits (weighted 1. 5-2.5 kg) were used in this study. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly;each group was injected with 0.1 ml PBS, gentamicin 2 mg/ml,3% Chitosan gel, and gentamicin-chitosan gel (2 mg/ml) respectively. ①Ophtahlmoscopic examinations were done. Retina was observed prior to injection , and on 1st, 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th d and 28 th d after injection with direct ophthalmolscope observations. ②Electroretinographs (ERGs) were recorded prior to injection, and then on 3 rd,7 th,14 th d and 28 th d after injection were carried out. ③Light microscope and transmission electronicmicroscope examinations were performed four weeks after the injection. All eyes were enucleated, the retina examples were observed under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope. Results:Intravitreous injection with 3% chitosan was free of retina toxicity. The retina toxicity effects of gentamicin 200 ?g could be found with transmission electron microscope, but gentamicin-chitosan gel with the same dosage could decrease the damage. Conclusion:The result shows that chitosan can be used in the intravitreous injection.

In this paper, the preliminary study on antioxidant, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activity, reducing the content of oxygen free radicals, delaying skin aging of the recombination cytoglobin (rCygb) purified by our lab were investigated through human keratinocyte cell line (HaCAT) H2O2 oxidative stress model, mouse skin aging model caused by continuous subcutaneous injection D-gal, rat acute liver injury model induced by CCl4 and rat skin wound healing model. The results showed that rCygb improved the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), reduced the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Skin biopsy showed that rCygb promoted angiogenesis, increased expression of collagen and improved the anti-inflammatory ability. All results displayed that rCygb improved the oxygen free radical scavenging ability, delayed skin aging and promoted wound healing.

Objective To observe the analgesic effect of Qilong Toutong Granule and explore its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group, Zhengtian pill group, ibuprofen group, and high-, medium- and low-dose of Qilong Toutong Granule groups. After completing the prophylactic treatment for 3 days, hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to observe the pain reaction of mice. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, Zhengtian pill group, model group, rizatriptam group, and high-, medium- and low-dose of Qilong Toutong Granule groups. After gavaged for continuous 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg), and 4 hours later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the levels of plasma CGRP and β-EP by radioimmunoassay. Subsequently, rats were perfused transcardially and the brain tissues containing the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were achieved for detecting the expression of Fos protein by immunohistochemical method. Results Qilong Toutong Granule significantly raised the pain threshold, reduced the number of writhing response of mice, remarkably down-regulated the levels of plasma CGRP, up-regulated the levels of plasmaβ-EP and inhibited the expression of Fos protein in Sp5C of rats compared with the model group. Conclusion Qilong Toutong Granule has good analgesic effect and its mechanisms on relieving migraine may be through regulating the levels of neurotransmitters or neuropeptides, and inhibiting the activation of Fos pathway.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the combination of smoking with CYP2E1-RsaⅠ and GSTT1 genes polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer. Methods The genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1-RsaⅠ and GSTT1 were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of 150 pancreatic cancer cases and 150 non-cancer controls. Results The frequency of CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) and GSTT1(-) was 38.7% and 69.3% in pancreatic cancer cases and 20.7% and 44.7% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significant differences in the frequencies between the two groups (χ~2=15.75, P<0.01; χ~2=18.62, P<0.01). The risk of pancreatic cancer patients with CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) was significantly higher than that of controls (OR=3.19, 95% CI=2.53-4.26). The individuals who carried with GSTT1(-) had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (OR=2.85, 95% CI=1.92-4.64). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the percentage of CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)/GSTT1(-) in pancreatic cancer and control groups was 30.7% and 6.7%, respectively (χ~2= 42.39, P<0.01). People who carried with CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)/GSTT1(-) had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (OR=16.63, 95% CI=8.94-22.01). The smoking ratewas significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (OR=2.74, 95% CI=1.32-4.58, P<0.01), and statistical analysis suggested an interaction between smoking and CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) or GSTT1(-) genotypes polymorphisms which increased the risk of pancreatic cancer (OR=8.84, 95% CI=5. 51-11.62; OR=20.40, 95% CI=4.98-29.53). Conclusion CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) and GSTT1(-) are the risk factors in pancreatic cancer. Smoking is also related to the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. There may be a synergetic interaction among CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) and GSTT1(-) and smoking on the elevated susceptibility of pancreatic cancer.