Amblyopia is a developmental abnormality that results from physiological alterations in the visual cortex and impairs form vision. Based on multimedia, visual perceptual learning was widely applied in amblyopia treatment. Perceptual learning provided an impor-tant new method for treating amblyopia both in children and adults, and it reflects alterations of neural responses in the visual pathway. The therapeutic efficacy of perceptual learning was related to age, amblyopic types and degrees, training time and programs closely.

Objective:To explore the best bathing posture in neo nates.Methods:Normal mature neonates 664 total were randomly seperated into two groups .The bathing posture was the traditional upwards from face to back in the control group,but upwards from back to face in the experimental group .The noise and comfort levels of the neonates were observed.Results:Uncomfortableness in the experimental gr oup was markedly lowerthan in the control group(χ2=45.78，P<0.0001).Bathing style,i.e.in basin or in shower,did not have an effect on the postures (P> 0.05).Conc lusion:The bathing posture of upwards from back to face is better than upwards from face to back.In this position,the neonates feel safer and more comfortable,and can be stroked while being bathed by the neonates' parents.

Objective To study the effect of intracerebroventricular(icv) injectionon acetylcholine(ACh) on the elecric activities of pain-related neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area of rat.Methods Trains of the electric impulses applied to the right sciatic nerve were used as noxious stimuli.The discharges of neurons were led out by extracellular recording method with glass microelectrodes.Results Icv injection of ACh(20?g/10?l) caused an decrease of the evoked discharge frequency of pain-excited neurons(PEN) and a prolongation latency as well as an increase of the evoked discharge of pain-inhibited neurons(PIN) and a shortening of inhibitory duration.Conclusion The response of pain-related neurons in hippocampal CA1 area to the noxious stimulation is weakened by icv injection of ACh,exhibiting analgesic effect.

Objective To study the normal macular thickness in children provide reference for the diagnosis of macular thickness abnormity in teenagers.Methods Databases including Wanfang,Pubmed and some others were searched for studies on macular thickness in Asian children.Data of macular thickness were extracted and were merged into only one by formulae.Results 12 studies were enrolled.The mean foveal minimum and central macular thickness were 143.89±17.32μm(n=2062 eyes) and 181.60±17.93μm(n=1974 eyes),respectively.The eight areas of inner circle (1～3mm diameter) and the outer circle (3～6mm diameter) macular thickness were also calculated.The central macular area seemed thicker in pre-school children than school children.Conclusion Chidren's macular thickness have different characteristic from adults',so it is important to take age,refraction,axial length,race and sex into account before making an abnormal macular thickness diagnosis.Meanwhile,a large sample of population-based cross-sectional study in children is necessary for a more effective standard.

To explore an easily executive and conveniently generalized method with effectiveness and low costing for myopia screening at the early stage.Research was performed to testify the reasonability of using axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) for myopia screening in children by comparing the cost between AL/CR plus vision acuity (VA) and simple VA examination.Chinese school-aged children in Yangfang school district,Beijing (n=1427,aged 6～12 years old) were randomly grouped for either pure VA examination or for VA plus AL/CR examination.Those suspicious myopic children were informed for further refractive examination.Finally,the cost from screening to definite diagnosis of refractive error was calculated.Generally,compared with VA examination,the total cost was reduced by 15.12％ and by 12.34％,respectively,in the elder group using VA plus AL/CR examination.VA plus AL/CR examination is an economical and reasonable method for screening suspicious myopia in Chinese school-aged children compared with pure VA examination.

Objective To investigate the correlation of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia and its influence on delivery outcome.Methods A retrospective analysis of 4 636 pregnant women were made,who were sin-gleton pregnancy and gestational age≥32 weeks,and the data of GDM,PE,delivery outcome were collected.Then,the incidence of PE in GDM or non-GDM were compared,the delivery outcome in pregnant women without interval med-icine comorbidity ( A group) ,GDM pregnant women( B group) ,PE pregnant women( C group) ,pregnant women com-bined GDM and PE(D group) were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of GDM was 3.71%(172/4 636) in the whole,the incidence rate of PE was 5.65% (262/4 636).The incidence rates of PE among GDM and non-GDM pregnant women were 11.63%(20/172) and 5.42%(242/4 464),the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =5.983,P<0.05).The average pre-pregnant body mass index(BMI),Apgal scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes were compared,and the differences among the four groups were statistically significant( F=29.142,16.074,35.415,all P<0.01),and those in C group,D group were significantly lower than in group A and group B [t(C-A) =5.386, 4.821,5.224,t(C-B) =5.023,4.456,6.278,t(D-A) =6.753,5.012,6.443,t(D-B) =6.475,4.727,7.622,all P<0.01].The rates of neonate intensive care,giant baby natality,small-for-gestational-age children,premature labor were compared,and the differences among the four groups were statistically significant (χ2 =157.290, 96.129, 46.969,27.005,all P<0.1),the rates of neonate intensive care in C group and D group were higher than in A group and B group[χ2(C-A) =47.294,χ2(C-B) =15.547,χ2(D-A) =17.280,χ2(D-B) =7.088,all P<0.01],the rates of giant baby natality in B group were higher than A group,C group [χ2(B-A) =29.445,χ2(B-C) =6.597,all P<0.05],the rates of small-for-gestational-age children and premature labor in D group were higher than A group,B group and C group[χ2(D-A) =42.676,26.261,χ2(D-B) =9.070,10.879,χ2(D-C) =25.117,8.653,all P<0.01].Conclusion Pregnant women with GDM might have higher risk of suffering PE than those non-GDM gravidas,the PE,GDM com-bined with PE seriously influence perinatal outcome,pregnancy care should be strengthened to prevent and treat.

Objective To investigate nutrition status and dyspnea in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) between GOLD Ⅱ and GoLD Ⅲ, and test the evaluative validity of disease status by GOLD classification of COPD. Methods Thirty patients with clinically stable COPD were recruited, including 15 patients of GOLD Ⅱ of COPD and 15 patients of GOLD Ⅲ of COPD. Body mass index (BMI), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF), serum albumin (Alb), and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) were measured in each patient. Dyspnea was assessed by the Borg Scale (BS). Exercise stress test was taken by incremental exercise test. Results BMI was significantly lower in the patients of GOLD Ⅲ than that in the patients of GOLD Ⅱ[(19±5 ) kg/m2 vs (23±3) kg/m2,p < 0.05]. TSF was significantly reduced in the patients of GOLD Ⅲ than that in the patients of GOLD Ⅱ[ (8±3) mm vs(13±5) mm, P < 0.01]. Alia in the patients of GOLD Ⅲ was significantly decreased than that in the patients of GOLD Ⅱ [(32±7) g/L vs (36±6) g/L, P <0.05]. The difference of PaO2 between the patients of GOLD Ⅲ and the patients of GOLD Ⅱ was significant [(72±9) nun Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa ) vs (78±8) nun Hg, P < 0.01], and the significant difference of BS was found between the patients of GOLD Ⅲ and the patients of GOLD Ⅱ( 5.0±2.0) grades vs (3.0±1.0) grades, P <0.05 ]. In addition, 12 patients in the patients of GOLD Ⅱ took the exercise stress test and 8 patients were found anaerobic threshold (AT), 5 patients in the patients of GOLD Ⅲ took the exercise stress teat and no AT was found. Conclusions The parameters of BMI, TSF, Alb and PaO2 are significantly reduced in the patients of GOLD Ⅲ than those in the patients of GOLD Ⅱ. In the patients of GOLD Ⅲ, BS is higher than that in the patients of GOLD Ⅱ and AT is difficult to obtain, suggesting more severe in degree of impairment. GOLD classification of COPD reflects the disease stares and prognosis in the patients with COPD, as a valuable parameter in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for content determination of s-omeprazole sodium and its related substances.METHODS:The separation of s-omeprazole sodium and the related substances was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.033 mol?L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (58∶41.8∶0.2,adjusted to pH 7.0 by phosphate acid).The detection wavelength was 302 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the sample size was 20 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range of omeprazole sodium was 10～500 mg?L-1 (r=0.999 7).The average recovery rate was 100.27% (RSD=0.74%).The average content of the related substances in samples was 0.42%.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate,specific and applicable for content determination of s-omeprazole sodium and its related substances.

OBJECTIVE:To establishment the method for the determination of content of vitamin A palmitate(VAP) and its related substances by HPLC. METHODS:The HPLC conditions were consisted of Phenomenex Luna C18 column with a mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitrile-isopropanol (90∶10) ,the detection wavelength of 328 nm,the column temperature of 30 ℃ and the flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. RESULTS:VAP was completely separated from impurities,the linearity range was 90～400 mg?L-1(r=0.999 2). The average recovery rate was 99.60% (RSD=1.32%). The average content of the related substances were lower than 2.53% . CONCLUSION: This accurate and reliable HPLC method is applicable for the quality control of VAP.

This study was aimed to reveal the medication patterns of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of breast hyperplasia based on association rules and clustering of data mining technology. Articles on Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of breast hyperplasia were retrieved from databases. External formulas or those mixed with western drugs were excluded. Terminologies in the selected formulas were standardized. Information was extracted to build excelltables. Association rules analysis and cluster analysis were used to reveal the medication patterns of Chi-nese patent medicine in the treatment of breast hyperplasia with software R2.15.2 and Cytoscape 2.8.3. The results showed that Chinese medicinals with higher frequency in 195 formulas were Radix bupleuri, Rhizoma cyperi, Chinese Angelica, Selfheal, White Peony Root, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim et al. Chinese medicinals with lower frequency were Chinese Alangium leaf, Rhinacanthus nasutus et al. The commonly used herbal pairs were Radix bupleuri -Chinese A ngelica, Rhizoma curcumae - Rhizoma sparganii, frankincense - myrrh et al. The strong association rules indicated that Xiaoyaosan, which takes Radix bupleuri and Chinese A ngelica as its core, is the key character of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of breast hyperplasia. The cluster analysis revealed several Chinese medicine functional modules, such as Fructus forsythiae - Rhizoma smilacis glabrae - Evodia lepta - Chinese mahonia stem - Lignum millettiae et al. It was concluded that the herbal frequency, herbal pairs, strong associa-tion rules and cluster analysis can reveal the medication patterns of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of breast hyperplasia in order to provide reference evidences in the optimization of clinical treatment for mula and im-provement of therapeutic efficacy.