OBJECTIVE:To prepare theophylline pulsed suppository(TPS)and evaluate its in vitro release characteristics.METHODS:The formulation of TPS was optimized using single factor method taking the amount of base materials including poloxamer,CMC-Na,PEG 6000 and PEG 400 as factors with lag time of drug release and the accumulative drug release rate served as indexes.The accumulative drug release rates of the TPS prepared with different fillers(crude drug of theopylline,theopylline-PVP physical mixture,and the theopylline-PVP solid dispersion)were investigated.RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows:70% poloxamer,6% CMC-Na,12% PEG 6000,12% PEG 400;its lag time of in vitro drug release was about 4 hours and its accumulative drug release rate at 90 min reached more than 85%.The accumulative drug release rates of the suppository prepared with 3 different fillers were 58.8%,65.8% and 91%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The prepared TPS showed satisfactory pulsed release efficacy.

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and management of eclampsia complicated with encephalopathy and to reduce the maternal mortality rate. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 8 cases with encephalopathy caused by eclampsia between Jan. 1988～Dec. 2002. Results There were 8 cases (22.2%) complicated with encephalopathy in 36 eclampsia patients. Four cases presented with cerebral hemorrhage,2 with cerebral infarct,1 with cerebral edema and 1 with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Two women died(25%). Conclusions The prognosis of eclampsia patient complicated with encephalopathy can be greatly improved by early diagnosis and proper treatment based on the clinical manifestations and computed tomographic scan.

Objective: To observe the effect of ATENS on distance and near vision and stereopsis in amblyopic children patients.Methods: 80 eyes from 70 patients with amblyopia were randomly divided into two groups: the group of ATENS and the group of western medicine.The difference of distance,near vision and stereopsis before and after treatment and between two groups after treatment were observed.Results: Distance and near vision improved and stereopsis diminished significantly after treatment in the TENS group and the western medicine group(P0.05).The curative effect and improving stereopsis in the western medicine group were better than that in the TENS group(P

Background Prevalence of dry eye is significantly inceasing in postmenopausal women than that in men,suggesting that sex hormone plays a role in the pathogenesis of dry eye.In addition,dry eye might become worse following estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women.However,whether application of androgen can ameliorate dry eye is being concerned.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of androgen on tear film of ovariectomized female rats.Methods Forty-eight 3-month-old sexually mature female Wistar rats were randomized into the normal control group,sham group,ovariectomy (OVX) model group and testosterone-injected group.OVX models were established by bilateral ovaries enucleation in the rats of the model group and testosterone-injected group,and then androgen (3.75 mg/kg) was intramuscularly injected since 5 months after OVX at 3-day interval for 6 weeks.Only intraperitoneal fat was cut off in the sham group.In 6 weeks after injection of androgen,serum androgen concentration detected and Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t),tear film break-up time (BUT) were performed.The rats were sacrificed to prepare the corneal and conjunctival samples.The expression of MUC5AC in conjunctival tissue was examined by immunofluorescence staining,and the microstructure of corneal cellular surface was observed under the scanning electron microscope before and 6 weeks after application of androgen.Animals in this study were treated in accordance with Animal Experimentation Ethic Committee Guidelines of Southern Medical University and the study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of this University.Results The mean serum testosterone concentration was (1.83 ±0.12) ng/ml,and S Ⅰ t or BUT was (3.63-±0.26)mm/5 minutes or (3.73-0.38) seconds,respectively,in the OVX model group,which was significantly declined in comparison with (2.56 ±0.14) ng/ml,(7.47±0.66) mm/5 minutes or (9.57 ±0.76) seconds in the normal control group (all at P =0.000).However,the serum testosterone concentration was (3.38±0.24) ng/ml,S Ⅰ t was (6.37 ±0.45) mm/5 minutes and BUT was (7.54±0.55) seconds in the testosterone-injected group,which was significantly higher than that in the OVX model group (all at P =0.000).The positive staining of MUC5AC in rat conjunctival tissue weakened in the OVX model group compared with the normal control group,and the fluorescence intensity in the testosterone-injected group was stronger than that in the OVX model group.Regularly arranged microvilli and cell metabolism hiatus on the surface of corneal cells were seen in the normal control group and the sham group;while the microvilli were shorter and irregularly arranged,and the cell metabolism hiatus were disappeared in the OVX model group.However,microvilli and cell metabolism hiatus were close to normal ones in the testosterone-injected group.Conclusions Deterioration of tear secretion and instability of tear film are are probably associated with the lower serum androgen levels in castrated female rats.Systemic supplement of androgen can promote tear secretion,improve tear film stability and alleviate ocular surface damage.

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To explore an easily executive and conveniently generalized method with effectiveness and low costing for myopia screening at the early stage.Research was performed to testify the reasonability of using axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) for myopia screening in children by comparing the cost between AL/CR plus vision acuity (VA) and simple VA examination.Chinese school-aged children in Yangfang school district,Beijing (n=1427,aged 6～12 years old) were randomly grouped for either pure VA examination or for VA plus AL/CR examination.Those suspicious myopic children were informed for further refractive examination.Finally,the cost from screening to definite diagnosis of refractive error was calculated.Generally,compared with VA examination,the total cost was reduced by 15.12％ and by 12.34％,respectively,in the elder group using VA plus AL/CR examination.VA plus AL/CR examination is an economical and reasonable method for screening suspicious myopia in Chinese school-aged children compared with pure VA examination.

Objective To study the normal macular thickness in children provide reference for the diagnosis of macular thickness abnormity in teenagers.Methods Databases including Wanfang,Pubmed and some others were searched for studies on macular thickness in Asian children.Data of macular thickness were extracted and were merged into only one by formulae.Results 12 studies were enrolled.The mean foveal minimum and central macular thickness were 143.89±17.32μm(n=2062 eyes) and 181.60±17.93μm(n=1974 eyes),respectively.The eight areas of inner circle (1～3mm diameter) and the outer circle (3～6mm diameter) macular thickness were also calculated.The central macular area seemed thicker in pre-school children than school children.Conclusion Chidren's macular thickness have different characteristic from adults',so it is important to take age,refraction,axial length,race and sex into account before making an abnormal macular thickness diagnosis.Meanwhile,a large sample of population-based cross-sectional study in children is necessary for a more effective standard.

Objective To evaluate the quality of immunological diagnosis kits of schistosomiasis. Methods The national reference IgG serum of schistosomiasis was applied for evaluating eight immunological diagnosis kits of schistosomiasis. Results All eight diagnosis kits had no National Production Certificate issued by State Food and Drug Administration. Six kits had good quality with high precision. After the physical examination, two kits did not meet the quality standards. Conclusions The good and bad quality of immunological diagnosis kits of schistosomiasis used in market is intermingled. The quality of these kits should be monitored.

Objective To investigate the serum IL-33 level and its association with TH1,TH2,TH17 and Treg cells in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods Forty-six URSA patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled.The proportions of TH1,TH2,TH17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood samples were determined by flow cytometry,and serum IL-33 levels by ELISA.Results The levels of serum IL-33 in URSA patients were significantly lower than that in healthy controls.The proportions of TH2 and Treg cells in URSA patients were significantly lower than that in healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05),while the proportions of TH 1 and TH 17 cells in URSA patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls.Serum IL-33 levels were negatively correlated with the proportions of TH 1 and TH17 cells,and positively with that of TH2 cells,while no correlation with Treg cells.Conclusion Serum IL-33 levels decrease significantly in URSA patients,and are correlated with the proportions of TH1,TH2 and TH17 cells,indicating that IL-33 may be associated with TH1,TH2 and TH17 cells in URSA patients.

A series of novel quinolinone acid-containing compounds were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed with 1H NMR and MS. The target compounds were tested for anti-HIV-1 integrase activities in vitro with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result showed that D-2, D-4 and D-7 have anti-integrase activity with IC50 < 100 micromol L(-1).