To explore the effects of two breathholding and exerting methods on the second labor course of primiparas.Methods Six hundred primiparas were divided according to the admission time into two groups: the control group and observation group. The former took conventional breathholding and exerting method and the latter breathholding and exerting method with breathing techniques. The two groups were compared in terms of outcome of delivery, rate of episiotomy, time for breathholding and exerting and the hemorrhage volume 2h after delivery, perineal laceration and neonate asphyxia.Results The rate of spontaneous delivery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. The rate of episiotomy, bleeding volume 2h after delivery and perineal laceration were lower. The breathholding time was significantly shorter(P<0.05).Conclusion Breathholding and exerting at the second stage of labor can reduce energetic consumption and improve the outcome of delivery.

Objective To observe the analgesic effect of Qilong Toutong Granule and explore its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group, Zhengtian pill group, ibuprofen group, and high-, medium- and low-dose of Qilong Toutong Granule groups. After completing the prophylactic treatment for 3 days, hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to observe the pain reaction of mice. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, Zhengtian pill group, model group, rizatriptam group, and high-, medium- and low-dose of Qilong Toutong Granule groups. After gavaged for continuous 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg), and 4 hours later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the levels of plasma CGRP and β-EP by radioimmunoassay. Subsequently, rats were perfused transcardially and the brain tissues containing the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were achieved for detecting the expression of Fos protein by immunohistochemical method. Results Qilong Toutong Granule significantly raised the pain threshold, reduced the number of writhing response of mice, remarkably down-regulated the levels of plasma CGRP, up-regulated the levels of plasmaβ-EP and inhibited the expression of Fos protein in Sp5C of rats compared with the model group. Conclusion Qilong Toutong Granule has good analgesic effect and its mechanisms on relieving migraine may be through regulating the levels of neurotransmitters or neuropeptides, and inhibiting the activation of Fos pathway.

Objective To compare the treatment effect of laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) and open appendectomy (OA). Methods One hundred and forty-five cases of LA performed from May 2003 to May 2005, and 142 cases of OA performed from June 2001 to March 2003 were studied retrospectively. Results There was no difference in operative time between group LA and group OA. In the procedure of LA, some occult disease could be discovered and treated, while OA was not. The administration of analgesic, activity time, incidence of incision infection and hospital stay in group LA were better than those of OA group. While the cost of hospitalization in LA was higher than that of OA. Conclusion LA has significant advantages in treating appendicitis and it should be promoted.

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cel s have great prospects in tissue repair, due to the characteristic of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, no immunological rejection and ethics controversy.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and their applications in the cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS:The first author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2015 to search articles addressing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and reviewed the literatures systematical y. Final y, 78 articles were chosen for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Induced pluripotent stem cel s can differentiate into cardiovascular cel s through a variety of methods. Factors such as cyclosporin A and ascorbic acid C may improve myocardial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s, while vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor may improve the endothelial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s. Cardiovascular cel s derived from induced pluripotent stem cel s can be applied to build disease models in vitro, transplantation in vivo and drug screening.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum uric acid levels and uric acid excretion indexes in children with primary nephrot?ic syndrome(PNS),and to reveal the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its possible causes in PNS. Methods The clinical data in 74 cases of pe?diatric PNS were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were grouped as hyperuric acid(HUA)or non?hyperuric acid(NUA),and their clinical features and laboratory findings were compared between two groups,including age,serum uric acid,serum creatinine,urea,cystatin C,triglycer?ide,cholesterol,albumin,creatinine clearance rate,24 hours urine uric acid,serum uric acid/serum creatinine,uric acid clearance,and the frac?tional excretion of uric acid and other indicators of differences. In addition ,a correlation analysis was carried out for the excretion of uric acid index. Results Several factors were lower in HUA group than that of NUA group ,such as the serum albumin and fractional excretion of uric acid(P1=0.034,P2=0.025);while the serum cystatin C and serum uric acid/serum creatinine ratio(P1=0.038,P2=0.001)was higher in HUA group. The uric acid excretion was negatively correlated with serum uric acid levels in all 74 children with PNS(r=-0.43,P=0.016),and the serum uric acid/creatinine ratio was positively correlated with serum uric acid(r=0.486,P=0.001). Conclusion Both the increase of blood uric acid production and excretion reduction were observed in children with PNS ,and the serum uric acid levels and renal tubular function is closely related.

Aim To set up a highly effective and automatic mouse sleep-wake bioassay system,and evaluate the system through analysis of the somnogenic effects of L-stepholidine(SPD),targeting at dopamine D1/D2 receptors in mice.Methods The animals were housed in an insulated and soundproof recording chamber maintained at a constant temperature and humidity on an automatically controlled 12 h light/12 h dark cycle.The electroencephalogram and electromyogram were recorded continuously for 48 hours and analyzed by SleepSign software.Saline was administered ip to the mice at 21:00 on the first day,and SPD was given on the next day at the same hour.The vigilance state was analyzed based on the polygraphic recordings by the same software.Results The system has been demonstrated to be highly efficient and stable in recording and reliable in analyzing sleep-wake behavior in mice.With the aid of the sleep bioassay system,we found that SPD significantly increased the total time spent in sleep during dark period,and prolonged durations of non-rapid eye movement sleep episodes,with a concomitant reduction in amount and EEG power density of wakefulness.SPD rendered no effect on rapid eye movement sleep.Conclusion Through the reliable mouse sleep bioassay system,we found that SPD promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep but not rapid eye movement sleep in mice.

Atomic force microscope(AFM) has one important feature that it is used to scan the samples with non-modified and modified probes to obtain sample appearance,and force-distance curve at certain point,based on which the adhesion,bond force and mechanical properties of the sample can be obtained.Until recently,the application of the AFM to measure the mechanical properties of biological sample is very extensive,which is significant in biomedicine and clinical medicine.This paper introduced the force curve theory of AFM,and reviewed the application of AFM to measure the mechanical properties of biological sample including elasticity,adhesion,stiffness,the interaction between antibody and antigen of the cell.In addition,we prospected the application and development of AFM to analyze cell mechanical properties.

AIM: To study the role and the mechani sm of heme oxygenas/endogenous carbon monoxide on nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide system in rats with pulmo nary hypertension induced by hypoxic hypercapnia. METHODS: Spr ague-Dawley rats w ere randomly divided into three groups: control group (A group),hypoxic hypercap n ic group (B group), hypoxic hypercapnia+hemin group (C group). Blood CO concentr at ion (COHb%),NO concentration,HO-1 activity, iNOS, cNOS in blood serum and lung h omogenate were measured, respectively. RESULTS: ① mPAP and RV /(LV+S) of B g roup were significantly higher than those of A and C group( P

AIM: To investigate the changes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pulmonary circulation of rats with different hypoxia and hypercapnia duration. METHODS: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normol control group (N), exposed to hypoxia hypercapnia for 2 weeks group (T), for 4 weeks group (F), for 8 weeks group (E). The levels of VEGF were measured and the ultrastructure of pulmonary arterioles was observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), weight ratio of RV to LV+S, the levels of VEGF in serum and lung tissue, the expression of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in group T, F, E were significantly higher than that in group N. With the prolong duration, base of endothelial cell was narrowed, proliferation of smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers of pulmonary arterioles in rats were increased gradually. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia and hypercapnia increase the expression of VEGF mRNA and synthesis of VEGF. VEGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia pulmonary hypertension and reconstruction of pulmonary artery.