Objective To explore the correlation between serum uric acid levels and uric acid excretion indexes in children with primary nephrot?ic syndrome(PNS),and to reveal the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its possible causes in PNS. Methods The clinical data in 74 cases of pe?diatric PNS were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were grouped as hyperuric acid(HUA)or non?hyperuric acid(NUA),and their clinical features and laboratory findings were compared between two groups,including age,serum uric acid,serum creatinine,urea,cystatin C,triglycer?ide,cholesterol,albumin,creatinine clearance rate,24 hours urine uric acid,serum uric acid/serum creatinine,uric acid clearance,and the frac?tional excretion of uric acid and other indicators of differences. In addition ,a correlation analysis was carried out for the excretion of uric acid index. Results Several factors were lower in HUA group than that of NUA group ,such as the serum albumin and fractional excretion of uric acid(P1=0.034,P2=0.025);while the serum cystatin C and serum uric acid/serum creatinine ratio(P1=0.038,P2=0.001)was higher in HUA group. The uric acid excretion was negatively correlated with serum uric acid levels in all 74 children with PNS(r=-0.43,P=0.016),and the serum uric acid/creatinine ratio was positively correlated with serum uric acid(r=0.486,P=0.001). Conclusion Both the increase of blood uric acid production and excretion reduction were observed in children with PNS ,and the serum uric acid levels and renal tubular function is closely related.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of content of entecavir and its related substances. METHODS: The HPLC condition was consisted of a Luna C18 column with a column temperature at 25 ℃, using gradient eluate method, the mobile phase was acetonitrile,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1 and detection at 254 nm. RESULTS: The calibrated linear curve of entecavir was within 0.033 45～0.167 2 mg?mL-1(r=0.999 98). The average recovery was 100.09%,RSD=0.20%, The content of related substance was 0.54%～1.48%. CONCLUSION: This accurate and reliable HPLC method is applicable for the quality control of entecavir and its related substances.

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in acupuncture for pain threshold at different time points among the groups of 9 TCM constitutions.

METHODSThe cross-sectional survey was adopted to investigate TCM constitutions among 600 subjects and determine 9 TCM constitution types (neutral constitution, qi-deficiency constitution, yang-deficiency constitution, yin-deficiency constitution, phlegm-damp constitution, damp-heat constitution, blood-stagnation constitution, qi-stagnation constitution, special diathesis constitution). The same acupuncture manipulation was applied to Zusanli (ST 36) on the left side in the subjects and the needle was retained for 30 min. The tenderness threshold was detected with 2390 type Von Frey apparatus at different time points, named before acupuncture, at the moment after qi arrival, in 10 min of needle retaining, in 30 min of needle retaining and in 15 min after needle withdrawal in the subjects of 9 TCM constitutions.

RESULTSThe interactive effect happened between the constitution type and time point (P < 0.05). Among the groups of 9 TCM constitutions, the pain threshold values at the moment after qi arrival (except blood-stagnation constitution, qi-stagnation constitution, special diathesis constitution) in 10 min of needle retaining and in 30 min of needle retaining were increased as compared with those before acupuncture separately (P < 0.01), among which, the value increase was the most significant in 30 min of needle retaining. The differences in the pain thresholds were significant in 15 min after needle withdrawal in the groups of neutral constitution and damp-heat constitution as compared with those before acupuncture (both P < 0.01). In 10 min of needle retaining and in 30 min of needle retaining, as compared with the group of neutral constitution, the changes in pain thresholds of the rest abnormal constitutions were apparently lower (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) presents different effects among the groups of different constitution types. The effect maintaining durations are different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Management ; Pain Threshold ; Yang Deficiency ; therapy ; Yin Deficiency ; therapy ; Young Adult

In China.traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used in clinical applications for thousands of years.The successful hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied widely in TCMs and biological samples analysis.Undoubtedly.HPLC/MS technique has facilitated the understanding of the treatment mechanism of TCMs.We reviewed more than 350 published papers within the last 5 years on HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs.The present review focused on the applications of HPLC/MS in the component analysis,metabolites analysis,and pharmacokinetics of TCMs etc.50% of the literature is related to the component analysis of TCMs,which show that this field is the most popular type of research.In the metabolites analysis,HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry has been demonstrated to be the powerful tool for the characterization of structural features and fragmentation behavior patterns.This paper presented a brief overview of the applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs.HPLC/MS in the fingerprint analysis is reviewed elsewhere.

Objective To investigate the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) in assessing left ventricular global and regional myocardial function in normal rats. Methods Echocardiography was performed during low-dose dobutamine stress in 20 normal adult male Wistar rats. High frame rate of 2D images were recorded from the left ventricular short-axis views at the papillary muscle level. Peak systolic radial strain (PRS) and circumferential strain (PCS) of each segment, left ventricular global peak systolic radial strain (G_(PRS)) and circumferential strain (G_(PCS)) were measured at EchoPAC work station. Left ventricular internal diameter at diastole (LVIDd), systole (LVIDs), fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured with anatomical M-model echocardiography. Dynamic changes of each index during stress experiment were observed. The correlations between EF and left ventricular global two-dimensional strain (G_(PRS), G_(PCS)) were analyzed respectively. Results PRS was similar in all segments of mid-ventricular in short-axis view (P>0.05) at baseline, while PCS of each segment showed heterogeneity, with the anteroseptal and anterior wall showing the largest value and the inferior wall showing the lowest value (P<0.05). G_(PRS), G_(PCS), PRS and PCS of each segment increased correspondingly when the dobutamine dose increasing, as well as FS and EF, whereas LVIDd and LVIDs decreased. When dobutamine dose was 10.0 μg/(kg·min), these parameters were not significantly different compared with those of 5.0 μg/(kg·min) (P>0.05). Conclusion With good reproducibility, 2D-STI can noninvasively and easily assess global and regional left ventricular myocardial deformation of normal rats at rest and during low-dose dobutamine stress.

Objective To observe the effects of deep electroacupuncture on carlilage tissue in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rabbits. Meth-ods 40 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal group (A, n=10) and model group (n=30). The model group was modeled KOA with Hulth-Telhag way, and identified with X-ray. Then they were divided into no-treated group (B, n=10), deep electroacupuncture group (C, n=10) and routine electroacupuncture group (D, n=10) randomly. The groups C and D accepted electroacupuncture since 6 weeks after modeling, for 4 weeks. They were measured with pH of joint fluid, observed structure and pathology of cartilage under transmission electron microscope, detected apoptosis index, and determined the expression of acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and p53 with Western blotting, and distribution of ASIC1 with immunohistochemistry in cartilage tissue. Re-sults The pHs of joint fluid from high to low were ranged as the groups A=C>D>B (P<0.01). The cartilage structure was more complete in the groups A, C and D than in the group B. The apoptosis rates from less to more were ranged as the groups A=C

Objective To investigate the substantia nigra (SN) and brainstem raphe (BR) echogenic features of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with musculoskeletal pain.Methods A total of 115 PD patients recruited in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from October 2014 to May 2016 were assessed with the following rating scales:Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS),Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale (H/Y),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD),Beck Depression Inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).All the subjects underwent transcranial sonography during the clinical evaluation.And the patients were divided into PD with musculoskeletal pain (n =54) and PD without musculoskeletal pain (n =61) groups,or PD with depression(n =74) and PD without depression(n =41) groups.Results Compared with PD patients without pain,PD patients with musculoskeletal pain had higher scores of UPDRS-Ⅱ,-Ⅲ,HRSD,BDI,NMSQ and H/Y (UPDRS-Ⅱ score:12.56 ±6.01 vs 8.79 ±4.38,t =-3.801,P ＜0.01;UPDRS-Ⅲ score:24.43 ± 12.43 vs 20.07 ± 11.12,t=-1.986,P=0.049;HRSD score:11.65-±6.94 vs 8.38-±5.36,t=-2.844,P=0.005;BDI score:14.09 ±6.20 vs 9.74 ±6.00,t =-3.826,P ＜0.01;NMSQ score:8.57 ± 4.06 vs 5.60 ± 3.38,t=4.193,P＜0.01;H/Y:2.0(1.5,2.6) vs 1.5(1.0,2.0),Z=-3.011,P=0.003).Positive BR was more frequent in depressed than in non-depressed PD patients without pain (63.6％ vs 14.3％;x2 =15.25,P ＜0.01).Positive BR was positively associated with sex(r =0.228,P =0.014),age(r =0.184,P =0.049),disease duration (r =0.196,P =0.035),and depression (r =0.396,P ＜ 0.01).However,positive BR did not correlate with musculoskeletal pain.No correlation was found between positive SN and clinical characteristics of PD patients.Conclusions PD patients with musculoskeletal pain have worse activity of daily living,more severe motor symptoms,more non-motor symptoms,and are more depressed.SN and BR echogenecity do not correlate with musculoskeletal pain,however,hypoechogenic or interrupted BR is associated with depression in PD patients.

ive] To explore a new method of evaluating the healing of fractures. [Methods] Self-con trolled trial was applied. Bone mineral density ( BMD) of fracture end (region 3, R 3 ) and its neighboring proximal and distal regions ( R 2 and R 1 respectively) in 126 cases of fracture of lower end of radius was deter mined by dual-energy X-ray absorptionmetry. [Results] BMD of R3 elevated as compared with that of R 2 and R1 (P

Objective To judge the effect of plasma exchange (PE) to the patients with severe hepatopath of nonage according to evaluating the change of the liver function of reserve with 13C-methacetin breath test. Methods There are two groups: the case group and the control group. Each group has 30 patients. The patients in the case group were treated by PE. All the patients received 13C-methacetin breath test at before or one week after treatment. MVmax40, CUM40 and CUM120 were present. At the same time, clinical symptoms, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBiL) and prethrombin active (PTA) were observed. Results MVmax40, CUM40, CUM120 and PTA were higher, ALT and TBiL were lower in the case group after treatment (t=4.679, 4.752, 5.048, 5.413, 6.208, 7.413, P=0.000,P<0.01). After a week, MVmax40, CUM40, CUM120 and PTA were higher, ALT and TBiL were lower in the case group than that in the control group (t=2.260, 2.247, 2.476, 4.017, 3.250, 3.658, P<0.05). The total effective rates in the case group and the control group were 83.3 % (25/30) and 43.3 % (13/30),which are significant different(χ2 10.335,P<0.01). Conclusion PE can im-prove the liver reservation functionin the severe hepatopath of nonage.

In China, traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） have been used in clinical applications for thousands of years. The successful hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and mass spectrometry （MS） has been applied widely in TCMs and biological samples analysis. Undoubtedly, HPLC/MS technique has facilitated the understanding of the treatment mechanism of TCMs. We reviewed more than 350 published papers within the last 5 years on HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. The present review focused on the applications of HPLC/MS in the component analysis, metabolites analysis, and pharmacokinetics of TCMs etc. 50% of the literature is related to the component analysis of TCMs, which show that this field is the most popular type of research. In the metabolites analysis, HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry has been demonstrated to be the powerful tool for the characterization of structural features and fragmentation behavior patterns. This paper presented a brief overview of the applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. HPLC/MS in the fingerprint analysis is reviewed elsewhere.