Oncosis is a special kind of non-apoptotic cell death mode. It is characterized by cellular swelling, organelle swelling, blebbingand increased membrane permeability. More and more attentions pay to the research of this field in recent years. The review discuss the recent advances of oncosis on pathological change, molecular mechanisms and detection approaches.

Objective To investigate the electromyngraphy eharacteristies of Parkinsen's disease (PD) by studying tremor frequency, intensity and drug response. Methods Sixty-six patients with PD hospitalized during March 2005 to May 2006 were re-evaluated and recruited into the study. A ten-channel electromyography recorded the frequency and intensity of the rest tremor and postural tremor. Tremor analysis soft was used to statistically analyze differences between the two types of tremor, correlation between the frequency and intensity, and changes after regular administration of dopaminergic medication. Results The frequencies of rest tremor ((4. 79±0.69 ) Hz) and postural tremor ( (5.54±1.18) Hz ) showed statistical differences (F = 33.5, P<0. 01), but the intensity of rest tremor (0.016-421.700 (rag)2) and postural tremor (0.062-217.900 (mg)2) didn't show statistical differences (F=1.917, P>0.05 ). No regression relation was revealed between the frequency and intensity of tremor (r=0.09, P>0.05). After dopaminergic medication treatment, the intensity declined significantly from 0.016-421.700 (mg)2 to 0.027-82.200 (mg)2(F=5.179,P <0.05), but the difference of frequencies of tremor between before ( (5.09±0.85) Hz) and after treatment ( (5.20 ± 1.08 )Hz) was not significant (F = 0.474, P > 0.05). Conclusions There may be different mechanisms for the rest tremor and postural tremor in PD. There is no correlation identified between the frequency and intensity in PD and this is may be resulted from variability of tremor intensity. Dopaminergic can relieve the symptom of tremor, but it doesn't reduce the frequency of tremor.

Objective To assess the irregular shape of hematoma with math methods,which is one of the risk factors of hematoma enlargement.Methods We reviewed images data of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage treated nonsurgically who underwent initial computed tomography (CT) within 6 hours and repeated CT within 48 hours of onset.The area(s),the circumference(L),the greatest diameter(A)and the transverse diameter(B)of the greatest hemorrhage CT slice was measured.The formula X=L/S waft used to calculate the value.We calculated the area(S1)and the circumference (L1) of the ellipse with A as its long diameter and B as its short diameter.The formula X1=S1/L1 was used to calculate the value. We used formula R=X/X1 to assess the irregular hematoma shape.The relationships between hematoma enlargement and R was analyzed. Results Thirty-one patients(25.8%) showed enlarged hematomas after admission.The larger the value of R,the more irregular the shape of hematoma.When R≥1.3,the shape of the hematoma was significantly irregular.36.0% patients with R≥1.3 had hematoma enlarged.compared with only 18.6% those with R<1.3(χ2=4.62,P=0.032).Conclusions The irregular shape index R Can be used to assess the shape of a hematoma. A particularly high likelihood of hematoma enlargement is observed in patients with an irregularly shape index R≥1.3.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell structural and functional integrity is importnat decisive fatcor for ischemic time-window and hemorragic transformation follwing brain ischemic injury.OBJECTIVE: To investiagte the endotheliocyt endurance to various course of ischemic injury basing on dynamical observation of morphological and ultrastructural changes of endotheliocyte during IR injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING:Neurological Internal Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Animal Experimental Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from March 1998 to March 1999. Totally 53 SD rats were randomly dihours of 6 rats.METHODS: Thread-bolt occlusion method was used to establish focal brain ischemia model on rats. Brain tissue was evenly cut into five coronary segments: namely A, B, C, D and E, segments C underwent TTC staining for marginal region location. segments D was taken for routine dehydration, transparency, envelop, slice and HE staining,optical microscopic observation. Ischemic surrounding area and central brain tissues was obtained from slice B, fixed and enveloped before cutting into ultrathin slices that was observed under transmission electron microscope.the occurring time of hemorrhagic infarction at different ischemic time cell vacuolization degree in foot process layer at different ischemic time points.RESULTS: Totally 53 rats were enrolled in this experiment and all data was entered into results analysis. Under optical microscope: Neuropil loose and small vascular surrounding edema was observed at ischemia 3 hours.Small arterial broken and hemorrhage occurred at ischemia 12 hours reperfusion 3 hours. Under electron microscope: Capillary endothelial nuclear swelling was observed at ischemia 3 hours, with cytoplasmic pinocytosi increasing and vacuolization in foot process layer appearing+; At ischemia 3 hours reperfusion 3 hours, the foot process layer vacuolization in center area was (++) and (+++) in marginal area; while at ischemia 6 hours reperfusion 3 hours, endothelia tight junction opened and vacuolization in foot process layer was (+++); pinocytosis was found obviously reduced after ischemia 12 hours reperfusion 3 hours, mitochondrial swelling was seldom observed, but tight junction increasingly opened and vacuolization in foot process layer appeared (+++) - (++++).CONCLUSION: Obvious structural changes of endotheliocyte appeared in post-ischemia 3 hours, endotheliocyte tight junction openning was observed at ischemia 6 hours, and hemorrage transformation occurred after ischemia 12 hours, mainly at the post-reperfusional ischemia center.

Objective To study the effects of low power laser irradiation in nasal cavity on cerebral blood flow and cerebral function in patients with brain infarction. Methods Thirty-nine patients with cerebral infarction were divided into a intravenous laser irradiation group and a laser irradiation in nasal cavity group. For the group of intravenous irradiation (ILIB group,18 cases), the patients lay on the bed with their heads fixed and were treated with intravenous laser irradiation for 30 min. Both before and after the therapy they received a SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging separately. For the group of laser irradiation in nasal cavity (LINC group,21 cases), the patients received laser irradiation in nasal cavity for 30 min and also SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging tests both before and after therapy. BFCR% model was used to quantify the blood flow of the focal and mirror regions. Results SPECT showed that there was significant improvement in perfusion of the entire brain and cerebral function in both ILIB and LINC groups after 30 minutes of treatment,each compared to those before treatment; the changes in the focal rCBF and cerebral function were much more obvious (P0.05). BFCR% in focal region was significantly higher than that in mirror region (P0.05). Conclusion Low power laser irradiation in nasal cavity can improve the focal rCBF and cerebral function of the patients with brain infarction, which is similar to that of the ILIB.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) on cerebral ischemia induced by photothrombosis in Swedish amyloid precursor protein (APP/SWE) transgenic mice.[Methods] In APP/SWE transgenic mice and non-transgenic mice (n ＝ 12,respectively),photothrombotic stroke was induced,on 7 d after cerebral ischemia,the amount of the survival neuron in the penumbra was counted using Nissl staining (n ＝ 6),and the activities of p38MAPK and JNK were measured by Western blot (n ＝ 6).[Results] On 7 d after cerebral ischemia,ratio of amount of survival neuron over the penumbra in hippocampus in the ischemic side to that in the non-ischemic side in the non-transgenic mice group (78.3 ± 1.3)% was significantly higher than that in the APP/SWE transgenic mice group (70.5 ± 1.4)% (P ＜ 0.05);compared with the non-ischemic hemisphere,the activities of p38 MAPK and JNK increased significantly in the ischemic hemisphere in the APP/SWE transgenic mice group (P ＜ 0.05),whereas,there was no significant difference between ischemic and non-ischemic hemisphere in the non-transgenic mice group (P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusion] Photothrombosis causes more severe damage in the APP/SWE transgenic mice group than that in the non-transgenic mice group.The possible mechanism includes the increased activities of MAPK which enhance the process of neuronal cell apoptosis.

Objective　To confirm the effect of the pandemic on the health seeking behavior of patients by analyzing the changes of onset to door time（ODT） of patients with acute ischemic stroke（AIS） before and after the pandemic of COVID-19.Methods　Consecutive cases of hospitalized patients with AIS who visited the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital in the same time span and at different periods were collected，including 100 cases in the pre-pandemic group（pre-PG），64 cases in the post-pandemic group（post-PG），and 86 cases in the Spring Festival group（SFG-19） in 2019.The chi-square test or t-test were used to analyze changes of ODT；Patients whose ODT more than 12 hours in post-PG were followed up，and descriptive statistics were performed on the reasons for delay of arrival. Results　The ODT of the post-PG was significantly prolonged compared with the pre-PG ［（38.8±69.9） hours vs （17.9±26.7） hours，P<0.05］，and the SFG-19 ［（38.8±69.9） hours vs （20.0±27.6）hours，P<0.05］. The proportion of ODT within 4.5 hours （28.1% vs 44%，P<0.05），6 hours （31.2% vs 48%，P<0.05），and 24 hours （62.5% vs 79%，P<0.05） in the post-PG was significantly less than the pre-PG. The proportion of ODT within 4.5 hours （28.1% vs 44.2%，P<0.05） and 6 hours （31.2% vs 48.8%，P<0.05） in the post-PG was significantly less than the SFG-19，but there was no significant difference in 24 hours （62.5% vs 74.4%，P>0.05）. The follow-up questionnaire found that the main reason for the delay of ODT as below：fear of infection with the virus，lack of knowledge about stroke，and insufficient attention，accounting for 66%，40%，and 37% of the respondents，respectively. Conclusion　The pandemic of COVID-19 significantly delay the ODT of patients with AIS and adversely affect its treatment.