Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS). After over 26 years of efforts, there is still not a therapeutic cure or an effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS. The clinical management of HIV-1 infected people largely relies on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has provided an effective way to treat AIDS patients, the huge burden of ART in developing countries, together with the increasing incidence of drug resistant viruses among treated people, calls for continuous efforts for the development of anti-HIV-1 drugs. Currently, four classes of over 30 licensed antiretrovirals (ARVs) and combination regimens of these ARVs are in use clinically including: reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) (e.g. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NRTIs; and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase inhibitors and entry inhibitors (e.g. fusion inhibitors and CCR5 antagonists). Here, we intend to provide updated information of currently available antiretroviral drugs for ART to promote the development of novel anti-HIV-1 drugs.

Objective To assess the feasibility of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4 F catheter.Methods The procedural details, picture quality and local complication of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4 F catheter in 138 patients were recorded and analyzed. Results The success rate of angiography was 97.7%. Mean fluoroscopy time was 5.05?3.23 minutes with total procedural time was 20.51?3.37 minutes. The incidence of dislodgement and excessive engagement of either coronary artery was 7.8% and 9.4% repectively. The angiographic scores for left anterior descending, circumflex and right coronary arteries were 2.87?0.40, 2.88?0.39, 2.90?0.35, respectively. Vasospasm occurred in 6 cases in the radial artery and in another 2 cases in the coronary artery. There were no occlusion of radial artery found during follow up. Conclusion Four-F catheter could be utilized in selected patients for its nice maneuverability, fine images and less vascular complications during angiography.

0.05. CONCLUSIONS Not premixed bacteria fluid groups don't affect the antibiotic susceptibility test of VITEK2 Compact.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment for chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or complicated with other thyroid diseases. Methods Seventy-seven patients were diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or complicated with other thyroid diseases by operation and histological examination at this department from November 2002 to March 2005. All their clinical records including general information, the results of careful physical examination, thyroid correlated hormone tests, color Doppler, fine needle aspiration cytological examination and some intraoperative examinations have been retrospectively analyzed in this report. Results There were 53 cases of simple chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 10 cases complicated by papillary carcinoma, 1 case complicated by follicular carcinoma, 2 cases complicated by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 6 cases complicated by nodular goiter, 4 cases complicated by follicular adenoma, and 1 complicated by parathyroid adenoma. Almost all the operations were successfull and the symptoms of the diseases were alleviated. Seventy-two patients had been followed up ranging from two months to two years differently and none of them relapsed. Sixty-three of these patients have received thyrine inhibition and vicariousness treatment, 2 patients who complicated by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma had been hospitalized and 7 patients complicated by carcinoma were treated with iodine-131. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis are complex, and it often complicated with other thyroid disease, which make it difficult to diagnose the diseases before operation. However, some ancillary methods such as careful physical examination, thyroid correlated hormone tests, !color Doppler and fine needle aspiration cytological examination may improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. Intraoperative thyroid lamellar section and frozen histological examination are also very important for intraoperative diagnosis and operative modality selection.

Background Collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) can promote the growth of axons,but CRMP-2 occurs hyperphosphorylation under the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) after central nervous system injury,which leads to the collapse of the growth cone and hinders the repair of nervous system.Being a central nervous system tissue,whether the expressions of CRMP-2 and its phosphorylated protein (p-CRMP-2) change after optic nerve injury are rarely studied.Objective This study was to investigate the dynamic changes of CRMP-2 and p-CRMP-2 expressions in injured optic nerve tissue.Methods Forty-eight 8-or 9-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group and postoperative 3-,7-and 14-day group.Optic nerves were exposed and clamped at retrobulbar 2 mm for 10 seconds in the right eyes during the surgery in the postoperative 3-,7-and 14-day groups,and the same operation was performed except the clamp of optic nerve in the sham operation group.The optic nerve tissue was obtained from the eyes 3,7 and 14 days after surgery.The relative expression levels of CRMP-2 mRNA and CRMP-2,p-CRMP-2 and CDK5 proteins in the tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot,respectively.The use and care of the experimental animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals of Third Military Medical University.Results No significant differences were found in the expression levels of CRMP-2 mRNA and CRMP-2 protein among the sham operation group and postoperative 3-,7-and 14-day groups (CRMP-2 mRNA:F =2.971,P =0.097;C RMP-2 protein:F=1.202,P =0.370).The relative expression levels of p-CRMP-2 protein in the optical nerve were 0.001±0.000,0.064±0.003,0.136±0.005 and 0.346±0.012,and those of CDK5 protein were 0.440±0.009,0.723±0.011,0.874±0.015 and 0.952±0.019 in the sham operation group and postoperative 3-,7-and 14-day groups respectively,showing statistically significant differences among them (p-CRMP-2:F=445.600,P ＜ 0.001;CDK5:F=186.600,P＜0.001),and the relative expression levels of p-CRMP-2 and CDK5 protein were evidently higher in the optical nerve tissue in the postoperative 3-,7-and 14-day groups than those in the sham operation group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions There are not significant changes in the expression level of CRMP-2 in the BALB/c mice after optic nerve injury.However,the expression levels of p-CRMP-2 and CDK5 proteins are gradually upregulated as the extending of injured time.

Objective To study the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on emergence agitation in children undergoing cochlear implantation.Methods Sixty patients (age range,1-4 years) scheduled to undergo pediatric cochlear implantation were enrolled and randomized into the TEAS group (group T,n =30) that received continuous TEAS and the control group (group C,n =30) that did not receive TEAS.Anesthesia time,operation time,change in blood flow dynamics during the perioperative period,extubation time,and PACU stay time were recorded.The incidence of emergence agitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was monitored.Results No significant intergroup differences were observed in age,sex,weight,operation time,and PACU stay time (P ＞ 0.05).The MAP and HR in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points such as 30 min after the start of surgery,the end of the surgery,the extubation and 5 min after extubation,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The FPS-R,FLACC,and PAED scores in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points within 30 min after exmbation (including the time of extubation),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Extubation time,anesthesia time,and incidence of PONV were lower in group T than in group C,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TEAS combined with general anesthesia significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery for congenital hearing loss;it also helps control hypotension,reheve dramatic hemodynamic changes during the waking period,and reduce the incidence of PONV.

Objective To study the inhibiting effect of genistein and cisplatin on tumor recurrence and metastasis after hepatectomy in mice. Methods A posthepatectomy high-metastatic-and-recurrent athymic mouse model simulating human HCC was established.Genistein,cisplatin,and combination genistein and cisplafin respectively were given intraperitoneally.Mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks,the volume and pulmonary metastasis of the recurrent tumor was observed.Caculate q value using Jin Zhengjun formula was used to evaluate the synergistic effect of combination genistein and cisplatin.Immunohistochemistry and real time fluorescent quantitation PCR were used to detect the expression of MMP2 and MMP-2 mRNA in liver recurrent tumor. Results Compared with single drug group,mice in genistein combined with cisplatin group had smaller liver recurrent focus volume,less pulmonary metastasis.Genistein and cisplatin displayed additional inhibiting effect on tumor recurrence and metastasis after hepatectomy in vivo,and displayed synergistic inhibiting effect on pulmonary metastasis.The MMP-2 expression of the recurrent tumor in single cisplatin group increased compared with control group(t=26.17、P＜0.05),while in single genistein group and genistein and cisplatin combined group it decreased(t=5.58,13.90,P＜0.05).The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in genistein group was 90%the level of the control group,in cisplatin group it was 2.06 times that of the control group,in combination genistein and cisplatin group it was 44%the level of the control group. Conclusions In vivo,genistein reinforces the effect of cisplatin in inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis after hepatectomy,possibly by a mechanism in which genistein inhibits the up-regulation of MMP-2 induced by cisplatin.

AIM: To study the effect of chronic hypoxic hypercapnia on gene expression of thromboxane synthase and prostacyclin synthase in pulmonary arterioles. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and hypoxic hypercapnic group. TXS mRNA and PGI 2-S mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by in situ hybridization. RESULTS:mPAP, weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle plus septum(LV+S), contents of TXB 2 and 6-keto-PGF1 ? in plasma and lung and TXS mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were much higher in rats of hypoxic hypercapnic group than those of control group. Differences of PGI 2-S mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were not significant in two groups. Light microscopy showed hypertrophy of vessel smooth muscle cells and vessel cavity straitness were found in hypoxic hypercapnic group. CONCLUSION: Changes of gene expressions of thromboxane synthase and prostacyclin synthase and imbalance of TXA 2/PGI 2 may play an important role in hypoxic hypercapnic pulmonary hypertension.

An empirical study on the analysis of the social responsibility information which includes corporate social responsibility reports, annual reports and official website social responsibility part, of 62 selected Chinese listed corporate is performed using co-word analysis. We have clustered 39 key words which refined from the social responsibility management information into five index, which are characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine industry, cultural, quality, operation and sustainable development. The quality of construction, cultural products and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine industry itself are the hot social responsibility information, and also can be used as key factors in the enterprise brand evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To analyze the relationship between needs of assistive devices and the three other factors (age, disability categories, severity levels of disability) in order to scientifically formulate subsidy policy on assistive devices.MethodsThe assessment of rehabilitation needs for 928 Shenzhen citizens with new disability certificates in its six districts was performed by professionals, and the data was recorded into ACCESS database and analyzed.ResultsThe sequence of demand rates on assistive devices among disability categories was vision disability (78%), hearing disability (76%) and physical disability (74%); but speech, mental retardation and psychological disabilities had a low demand. The demand rates of assistive devices were dissimilar among four age groups for persons with vision, hearing and physical disabilities; for severity levels of three disability categories of vision, hearing and physical disabilities: the milder the vision disability was, the greater demand rates of assistive devices were; the demand rate of those with the second level of hearing disability was the highest; the demand rates of persons with the first and second levels of physical disability were relatively higher.ConclusionWhen drawing up subsidy policy on assistive devices for persons with disability, the disability categories, ages of persons with disability and severity levels of disability should be considered; the different types of assistive devices should be supplied according to rehabilitation goals at different age group; and necessary assistive devices should be provided according to severity levels of disability.