Objective:To measure CT linearity and evaluate if it would show linear relationship between coefficient and attenuation.Methods:The Catphan phantom was used to measure CT linearity in 18 computed tomography equipments,and the results were calculated.Results:(1)The CT linearity were qualified in 14 equipment but 4.Conclusion:(1)There are many factors which affect CT linearity.The artifact will be produced if the CT linearity is unqualified.(2)CT linearity must be calibrated periodically to assure the stability of the CT linearity and to make for the accurate diagnoses.

Objective:To measure CT linearity and evaluate if it would show linear relationship between coefficient and attenuation.Methods:The Catphan phantom was used to measure CT linearity in 18 computed tomography equipments,and the results were calculated.Results:(1)The CT linearity were qualified in 14 equipment but 4.Conclusion:(1)There are many factors which affect CT linearity.The artifact will be produced if the CT linearity is unqualified.(2)CT linearity must be calibrated periodically to assure the stability of the CT linearity and to make for the accurate diagnoses.

Objective To explore the content and gene expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in heart of hyperlipidemia apoE-/- mice. Methods apoE-/- mice were fed with high fat diet as high-fat diet group (n= 7) and normal fat diet as control group (n = 6) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were detected, eNOS mRNA expression in heart were determined by Real-Time RT-PCR, as well as protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Results Levels of serum TC, TG and LDL clearly increased in high fat diet group, while HDL decreased (P< 0. 01). mRNA and protein expression of eNOS in heart reduced in high fat diet group(P<0.01). Conclusions High fat diet may lead to hyperlipidemia in apoE-/- mice, which may down-regulate eNOS expression and decrease eNOS content in heart.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of ivabradine,an inhibitor of peripheral HCN channel,on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in mice.[Methods]The model of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia was established by intravenously infusing remifentanil 2 μg/(kg·min)for 1 h through tail vein of adult male C57/BL6 mice.To observe the effect of ivabradine on remifentanil induced hyperalgesia,ivabradine(5 mg/kg)was injected subcutaneously 30 minutes before remifentanil infusion.Forty mice were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups:saline group,remifentanil group,remifentanil+vehicle group and remifentanil+ivabradine group.In each group,six mice were used to test mechanical and thermal pain thresholds at 24 h before(baseline)and on 1 d,3 d,5 d after remifentanil or saline infusion.Four mice of each group were used to detected c-Fos positive cell in spinal dorsal horn by immunofluorescence on 1 d after remifentanil or saline infusion.[Results]Compared with the saline group,a significant decrease in mechanical or thermal threshold was observed on 1 d and 3 d after remifentanil infusion(P<0.001),and the number of c-Fos positive neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn increased significantly(P<0.001).Compared with vehicle group,subcutaneous injection of ivabradine effectively inhibited remifentanil induced hyperalgesia(P<0.001)and blocked the increase of c-Fos positive neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn on 1 d following remifentanil treatment(P<0.001).[Conclusions]Ivabradine could effectively prevent remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in mice.The possible mechanism underlying this effect is that ivabradine suppresses the enhanced peripheral nociceptive input onto spinal cord neurons.

Objective To analyze the correlation between anxiety symptoms and abnormal brain function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)under long-term chronic hy-poxia.Methods Twenty-one patients with COPD complicated with anxiety were prospectively select-ed as COPD group,and 26 healthy individuals matched for gender and age were selected as control group.Both groups underwent high-resolution 3D-T1-weighted imaging(3D-T1WI),T2-fluid-attenua-ted inversion recovery(T2-FLAIR),and blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)sequence examina-tion.DPARSF and SPM8 software were used to analyze the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)in the brain of the two groups.Results In the COPD group,the ALFF value in the left parahippocampal gyrus-cingulate gyrus increased,and the ALFF value in the right superior frontal gy-rus decreased(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis found that there was a negative correlation be-tween the ALFF value in the right superior frontal gyrus and the anxiety score(r=-0.485,P=0.03).Conclusion Chronic hypoxic patients with COPD have brain functional impairment in the right superior frontal gyrus,and the degree of impairment is positively correlated with anxiety symp-toms.There may also be compensatory enhancement of brain function activity in the parahippocampal gyrus-cingulate gyrus.

Objective To analyze the correlation between anxiety symptoms and abnormal brain function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)under long-term chronic hy-poxia.Methods Twenty-one patients with COPD complicated with anxiety were prospectively select-ed as COPD group,and 26 healthy individuals matched for gender and age were selected as control group.Both groups underwent high-resolution 3D-T1-weighted imaging(3D-T1WI),T2-fluid-attenua-ted inversion recovery(T2-FLAIR),and blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)sequence examina-tion.DPARSF and SPM8 software were used to analyze the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)in the brain of the two groups.Results In the COPD group,the ALFF value in the left parahippocampal gyrus-cingulate gyrus increased,and the ALFF value in the right superior frontal gy-rus decreased(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis found that there was a negative correlation be-tween the ALFF value in the right superior frontal gyrus and the anxiety score(r=-0.485,P=0.03).Conclusion Chronic hypoxic patients with COPD have brain functional impairment in the right superior frontal gyrus,and the degree of impairment is positively correlated with anxiety symp-toms.There may also be compensatory enhancement of brain function activity in the parahippocampal gyrus-cingulate gyrus.

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effect of ultrasound-guided superficial parasternal intercostal plane block on the quality of recovery and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing sternotomy cardiac surgery. MethodsA total of 64 patients undergoing sternotomy cardiac surgery were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups： one group received a superficial parasternal intercostal plane block with ropivacaine （the ropivacaine group）， while the other was given normal saline （the normal saline group）. The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery-15 （QoR-15） score on postoperative day 1 in both groups， accompanied by a comparative analysis of the pain score and opioid usage. ResultsCompared with the normal saline group， the ropivacaine group exhibited a significantly higher QoR-15 score on postoperative day 1［（89.60±13.24） vs （81.18±12.78）， P=0.012］. The numerical rating scale at rest was significantly lower［（3.03±0.72） vs （4.26±0.93）， P<0.001］， and the numerical rating scale during coughing was also significantly reduced ［（4.40±0.89） vs （5.44±1.05）， P<0.001］. Concurrently， the cumulative morphine equivalent consumption during the initial 24 h postoperatively was significantly lower in patients who were administered the ropivacaine ［14.15 （4.95～30.00） mg vs 40.50 （19.25～68.18） mg， P=0.002］， and there was also a notable decrease in the rescue analgesia ［0.00 （0.00～0.00） mg vs 0.00 （0.00～100.00） mg， P=0.007］. ConclusionUltrasound-guided superficial parasternal intercostal plane block can significantly enhance the overall quality of recovery in patients undergoing sternotomy cardiac surgery on postoperative day 1. The technique contributes to improved postoperative analgesic effects and a reduction in opioid usage， thereby facilitating early postoperative recovery.

Size of the macular hole (MH) is an important factor affecting the treatment of MH.MH with a diameter >400 mm was defined as large MH.Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or intravitreal gas tamponade, which can effectively relieve the traction of vitreoretinal interface, is the standard surgical technique for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), but its efficacy on refractory large FTMH is very limited.In order to obtain ideal anatomical healing and functional recovery of large FTMH, new surgical strategies, such as reversal of retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM), expanded removal of ILM, transplantation of different tissue valves, application of mesenchymal stem cells and so on, have been the focus of researchers in the field of fundus diseases.More targeted and personalized treatment is the development trend of treatment for large FTMH.The progress of ILM flipping surgery, expansion of ILM removal, transplantation of different tissue valves, biomaterials and other auxiliary techniques in the treatment of large diameter FTMH were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To characterize proteomic profile in aqueous humor of patients with high myopia using quantitative proteomic analysis.Methods:Sixty-eight age-related cataract patients were divided into high myopic cataract group and simple cataract group according to that they had high myopia or not, with 34 patients (34 eyes) in each group.Aqueous humor samples (100 μl/patient) were collected from each patient using a 1 ml tuberculin syringe during cataract surgery at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from January 2019 to August 2019.Sixteen samples from each group were selected for protein quantification and comparison by BCA method.The differentially expressed proteins between the two groups were analyzed using label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The function and signal transduction pathways of differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed by Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.Eighteen aqueous humor samples from each group were selected to verify the results of mass spectrometry by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The use of human samples was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2020KY[L]-40). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to surgery.Results:The mean protein mass concentration of aqueous humor sample in the high myopic cataract group was (1 134.91±104.78) ng/L, which was significantly higher than that in the simple cataract group (706.71±85.43) ng/L, showing statistically significant difference ( t=11.977, P<0.01). A total of 463 proteins were identified and 86 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, including 49 up-regulated proteins and 37 down-regulated proteins in the two groups.These differentially expressed proteins were mainly protein-binding activity modulator, extracellular matrix protein, carrier protein, intercellular signal molecule, protein modifying enzyme and so on, accounting for 32.70%, 14.50%, 9.10%, 9.10% and 7.30%, respectively.Bioinformatics analysis showed that 86 differentially expressed proteins were mainly related to biological processes such as complement activation and regulation, acute inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix tissue remodeling.Among them, 21 differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways, 15 in the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, and 8 in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.ELISA results showed that the expression trends of three randomly selected differentially expressed proteins of the two groups were consistent with the results of label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. Conclusions:There are significant changes in proteomic profiles of aqueous humor between the high myopia cataract patients and simple cataract patients.High myopia is closely associated with inflammation and immune interactions, and remodeling of extracellular matrix.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (PVH) after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods:A case-control study was conducted.A total of 1 848 consecutive PDR patients (1 848 eyes) with vitreous hemorrhage receiving first pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from June 2012 to May 2019 were enrolled.There were 979 males and 869 females, with the average age of (55.72±10.39) years.All of the enrolled eyes underwent standard three-channel PPV.The subjects were followed up for 6 to 24 months, with the mean follow-up of (379.34±231.28) days.The eyes were divided into PVH group and non-PVH group according to whether the PVH occurred or not.The PVH group were further divided into early PVH group and late PVH group according to the occurrence time of PVH.There were 170 (9.19%) of 1 848 eyes developed PVH after surgery, including 17.64%(30/170) of eyes with early PVH and 82.36% (140/170) of eyes with late PVH.The PVH occurred at 6 to 450 days after surgery.Baseline systemic parameters including sex, age, diabetes duration, preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and ocular parameters including whether or not performing panretinal photocoagnlation, whether or not receiving treatment of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) three days before operation, lens status, whether or not being combined with neovascularization of iris (NVI), as well as intraoperative ocular parameters including whether or not having neovascularization of disc (NVD) bleeding, whether or not being combined with cataract phacoemulsification, whether or not receiving postoperative anti-VEGF, were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors of PVH after PPV in PDR patients with VH.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2019KY[L]-09).Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR=0.940, P<0.01), preoperative high HbA1c level ( OR=1.878, P<0.01), combined with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) ( OR=8.310, P<0.01), diabetes diet to control blood glucose ( OR=3.030, P<0.01), diabetes duration ( OR=1.044, P<0.01), history of hypertension ( OR=1.802, P<0.01), nephropathy or cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases ( OR=18.377, P<0.01), preoperative NVI ( OR=7.488, P<0.01), not combined with phacoemulsification surgery ( OR=1.628, P=0.023), NVD bleeding ( OR=2.691, P<0.01), postoperative anti-VEGF treatment ( OR=0.181, P<0.01), postoperative air tamponade ( OR=1.901, P=0.024) were associated with PVH.There were no significant differences in baseline, ocular and intraoperative ocular parameters between early PVH and late PVH groups (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:Younger age, preoperative high HbA1c level, combined with RVO, diabetes diet to control diabetes, diabetes duration, history of hypertension, nephropathy or cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, preoperative NVI, uncombined with cataract surgery, NVD bleeding, without postoperative intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, postoperative air tamponade are the potential risk factors of PVH after PPV for PDR patients with VH.