Objective To elevate the efficacy and complications of partial splenic embolization(PSE) using the alginate microglobe(AMG) as embolic material for hypersplenism in cirrhosis.Methods 42 patients with hypersplenism and cirrhosis were treated by PSE,AMG of 250～450 ?m were injected into the arteries of inferior splenic pole,the embolization degree was ranging from 40% to 70%.Results 42 times of embolization were performed in 42 patients,after operation, 35 patients had fever and lasted for 3~15 d,38 patients had abdominal pain,of them, 27 patients needed treatment with analgesic.Treatable a little hydrothorax appeared in 6 ,and no serious complication occurred.WBC and PLT counts were increased 24 hour later(P

Cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells are characterized by rapid proliferation, high and broad anti-tumor activities and mild toxicities. Some clinical trials demonstrate that the infusion of a large amount of CIK cells enhances the auto-immune of function in patient, which might help to clean up the remaining tumor cells and minor metastatic tumors and delay the recurrence of tumor with improved curative effects.

Skin toxicities are the most common adverse effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors(EGFRI).It can result in significant physical and psyehological discomfort,and even leads to interruption or dose modification,and consequently affect the curative effect. Nowadays this adverse effect has attracted lot of attention.It is proposed that clinical management and treatment measures for skin toxicities should be further studied to improve the patients life quality,and guarantee the continuity and best curative effect of the treatment.But more researches on the pathogenesis and its prognostic significance are still expected.

Recent studies suggest that astrocyte elevated gene 1 ( AEG-1 ) is almost highly expressed in all types of malignant solid tumors and correlates with poor prognosis,which becomes a prognostic marker for many kinds of tumors.As a strongly basic protein,AEG-1 possesses a transmembrane domain and multiplenuclear localization signals.It is present in the cell membrane,cytoplasm and nucleus.As an oncogene,AEG-1 palys an important role in a virety of malignant biological behaviors of cancer,which range from cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration,adhesion,invasion to tumor angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance.Its critical role in tumor genesis and progression has made it a potential therapeutic target.

In recent years,tumor immunotherapy has attracted more attention because of its remarkable curative effect in patients with advanced cancer,but often accompanied by immune related adverse events.Understanding the immune related adverse reaction rate,possible mechanism and adverse reaction evaluation criteria and treatment principle of the immune checkpoint inhibitors such as Ipilimumab,Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab,has important significance for the treatment of malignant tumor.

Triple-negative breast cancer ( TNBC ) is a subtype of breast cancer,and it is characterized by an aggressive clinical course with a poor prognosis.Treatment for TNBC has attracted much attention in recent years,however,there is no standard treatment for TNBC in clinical setting.The pCR rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC ranges from 12％ to 48％ in the current published data,and it is higher than that in other types of breast cancer,however,the fluctuating range of the TNBC ’s pCR is large in literature.Although the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy for early TNBC is controversial,the regimen without anthracyclines is reported to be suitable for early TNBC patients.Standard cytotoxic agents including taxanes and anthracyclines are still the main choices for TNBC salvage treatment,and the combination with gemcitabine or capecitabine may improve the overall survival.Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a new molecular target for TNBC in ongoing studies.Further research on the target-inhibitors such as BSI-201and Olaparib will provide more effective choices to clinical treatment.

Objective To ascertain clinical experience and toxic reactions of treating NSCLC by Gefitinib(Iressa).Methods Clinical data of 51 NSCLC cases were collected and analyzed who were treated with Iressa from Mar.2004 to Mar.2006.Evaluations were made about curative effects,quality of life,mean survival time,time to progression and toxic reactions.Results Fifty-one patients were all followed up.Total mitigative rate of the focus was 29.4%,total control rate was 66.7%,and alleviative rate of clinical symptoms was 62.7%.The difference of KPS grades in 4 weeks was significant.Mean survival time of all the patients was 8.2 months.Time to progression was 6.1 months.Ⅲ~Ⅳ grades of toxic reaction were not found.Conclusion Gefitinib may obviously improve the clinical symptom and QOL of the NSCLC patients,and it has good tolerance to treat NSCLC.It is a kind of molecule-target medicine suited with Chinese.

The uptake of oral administered drugs primarily occurs in the small intestine,which also has the capability to metabolize drugs.Both phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes were expressed in the intestinal mucosa,and cytochromes P450(CYP450s) are the principle enzymes attributed to the biotransformation of drugs.CYP3A and CYP2C are the most abundant subfamilies,accounting for approximately 80% and 16% of total CYP450s in the intestine.Compared to the liver,the expression and activity of CYP450 enzymes in the intestine was susceptible to inducers or inhibitors,leading to drug-drug interaction.This article reviews the expression of CYP enzymes in small intestine and the role of the gut wall in CYP-mediated xenobiotic metabolism.Possible drug-drug interactions due to induction or inhibition of CYP enzymes in the small intestine are also addressed.

NDUFS3 is an essential subunit of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex Ⅰ ) and plays a critical role in the mitochondrial typeⅠ respiration chain.Mutations in this gene are shown to cause neurodegenerative disease such as Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy).In recent years,many evidences show that the expression of NDUFS3 proteins are lower in many cancerous cells compared to the corresponding normal cells.It comes to the conclusion that NDUFS3 may play a role in the tumorigenesis.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of NF-KB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on infant rabbits with lung injury caused by mechanical ventilation. Methods Twenty healthy infant rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. (1) Mechanical ventilation (MV, with VT = 24 ml/kg);(2) Mechanical ventilation plus PDTC pre-treatment (MVP, VT = 24 ml/kg with PDTC 100 mg/kg injection via ear vein half an hour prior to MV) ; (3) Mechanical ventilation combined with endotoxin (EMV, 0.1 ml/kg of endotoxin dripping into trachea then on MV, VT = 24 ml/kg) ; (4) EMV plus PDTC pretreatment (EMVP, PDTC 100 mg/kg injection via ear vein followed by 0.1 mg/kg of endotoxin dripping into trachea in half an hour then on MV with VT = 24 ml/kg for 4 h continuously. MPO and the activation of NF-κB in lung tissues and the genetic expression and protein quantity of TNF-α and IL-8 in homogenate were measured. The pathological changes in lung tissues were examined. Results Pre-treatment with PDTC had significant minor pathological changes caused by MV and MV plus endotoxin, which were indicated by the fact that MPO, activation of NF-KB and the genetic expression and protein quantity of TNF-α and IL-8 were significantly suppressed. Conclusions PDTC could decrease the expression, synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This may be through suppressing the activation of NF-κB resulting in less infiltration with inflammatory cells and protective effects on lung injury caused by MV and MV plus endotoxin.