Objective To investigate the predisposing factors and fungal characteristics of nosocomial fungal infection (NFI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The fungal characteristics and laboratory indices were analyzed in patients with and without NFI secondary to CKD. Results The most common infection site of NFI in 65 cases patients with CKD was urinary tract (25 man-times, 38.46%), and the second common site was digestive tract (20 man-times, 30.77%). The most common pathogenic fungus was Candida albicans (68.49%), followed by Candida tropicalis (17.81%). The sensitivity of Candida albicans to fluconazol was 90%. The predisposing factors included prolonged length of stay, anaemia, malnutrition, hypogammaglobulinemia, mass proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and the use of large dose of broad spectrum antibiotics, prednisone and cytoxan. Conclusion CKD may predispose to NFI, and the most common fungus is Candida albicans,so the predisposing factors should be controlled so as to prevent NFI among patients with CKD.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of pioglitazone on secreation and mRNA expressions of TNF-? in adipocytes of high-cholesterol model rats.METHODS:30 rats fed with high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive high cholesterol diet alone(high-cholesterol group,n=15) or high-cholesterol diet plus pioglitazone(3 mg?kg-1?d-1) (pioglitazone group,n=15) for 4 weeks.Another 15 rats were assigned to control group and fed with common diet for 12 weeks.Then the rats were sacrificed,with indexes such as blood lipid,serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-? in adipocytes of high-cholesterol rats determined.Besides,normal adipocytes were taken and treated with lipopolysaccharide and different concentrations of pioglitazone (0.1,1.0,10.0 ?mol?L-1) followed by a determination of TNF-? level and mRNA expression level.RESULTS:Compared with high-cholesterol group,serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-? in pioglitazone group were significantly lowered,but pioglitazone treatment showed little impact on blood sugar level and blood lipid level.Pioglitazone(0.1,1.0,10.0 ?mol?L-1) dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-? secretion and mRNA expression in cultured adipocytes.CONCLUSION:Pioglitazone can reduce TNF-? level of fatty tissue and serum in high-cholesterol model rats.

AIM:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of baicalin on the atherosclerosis rabbits.METHODS:Thirty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into five groups:normal control group(A group,n=6)and fed with normal diet,atherosclerosis model group(B group,n=6),baicalin therapic group(C group,n=6),bacalin preventive group(D group,n=6),and positive control group(E group,n=6),the last four groups fed with hypercholesterol diet for 12 weeks.Treated with bacalin 300 mg/(kg?d),and simvastatin 5 mg/(kg?d)additionally for 2 weeks in C and E group respectively from the tenth week.Treat with bacalin 100 mg/(kg?d)for 12 weeks in D group.Serum lipids and liver lipids were detected with standard enzymatic assays.Atherosclerotic plaque/intima size ratio of area and NF-?B content in blood vessel tissue were examined.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to monitor the levels of serum TNF-?,IL-1? and Adiponectin.RESULTS:Atherosclerotic plaque/intima size ratio of area decreased in C,D and E group than in B group(P

AIM: To study the protection effect of baicalin on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial ischemia in rats and its mechanisms. METHODS: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The rats in control group (n=15) received no treatment. The rats in ISO group (n=15) received two times of subcutaneous injection of ISO (20 mg?kg~ -1), which was separated by a 24 hours-interval. The rats in baicalin group (n=15) received ISO as described above and received baicalin 50 mg?kg~ -1 ip. simultaneously. Two days later the hemodynamic measurement was performed and the serum levels of LDH, CK and TNF-? were detected. The expression of p38mapk in myocardium was detected by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The heart function of the group treated with baicalin was improved significantly compared with that of control group. The levels of LDH, CK and TNF-? in baicalin group decreased significantly compared with those in control group and the expression of p38mapk in myocardium also decreased markedly. CONCLUSION: Baicalin has protection effect on isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia in rats, and the effect maybe due to the decrease of TNF-? induced by reducing the p38mapk expression.

AIM:To study the protectective effect of bacalin on myocardial ischemia in isolated rat heart and its mechanism.METHODS:Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.The heart of rats in control group(n=12)were perfused for 1 h and 50 min incessantly.The heart of rats in ischemia group(n=12)received 25 min of perfusion first and then subjected to 25 min of global ischemia followed by 1 h reperfusion.The heart of rats in baicalin group(n=12)received 5 min perfusion of 5 mg/L)baicalin before ischemia while other procession was the same as ischemia group.The hemodynamic measurement and the coronary flow were recorded.The levels of CK and LDH in the coronary effluent were detected.The expression of p38mapk,NF-?B and the levels of TNF-? and IL-6 in myocardium were respectively detected by immumohistochemical technique and ELISA.RESULT:The function of hearts treated with baicalin was improved significantly,and the level of LDH and CK of coronary effluent were decreased significantly compared with ischemia group.The level of TNF-? and IL-6 and the expression of p38mapk and NF-?B in myocardium also decreased observably compared with ischemia group.CONCLUSION:Baicalin has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia of isolated rat heart and the effect may be due to the decrease of TNF-? and IL-6 induced by the reduction of the expression of p38mapk and NF-?B.

AIM To determine whether the I Kr channel protein is altered and its response to dofetilide and verapamil in cardiac remodeling by L thy roxin. METHODS Saturation binding assays in guinea pig ventricular membrane preparation with 125 I dofetilide, a radioligand for the cardiac rapidly activating delayed outward rectifier channel (I Kr ) was conducted respectively in normal, hypertrophied, Verapamil or dofetilide intervened group. RESULTS Scatchard analysis revealed two binding sites with different affinities in normal guinea pig ventricle: a high affinity site [ K d=(1 27?0 11) nmol, B max =(34 67?3 23) nmol?g -1 ] and a low affinity site [ K d=(43 48?4 83) nmol, B max =(76 41?5 37) nmol?g -1 ] ( n =5), only the high affinity site was associated with the I Kr in guinea pig ventricle. The B max of high affinity site in the hypertrophied ventricle induced by L thyroxin was down regulated to (18 13?2 27) nmol?g -1 ( n =6). Verapamil was effective to up regulate the high affinity B max to (37 26?4 32) nmol?g -1 ( n =5) but dofetilide had hardly effect on it. CONCLUSION The I Kr channel protein in guinea pig ventricular membrane was down regulated in remodeling ventricle by chronic L thyroxin treatment and improved by verapamil.

Objective To observe the effect of Du-moxibustion on cognitive impairment after stroke. Methods 60 patients with cognitive impairment after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and treatment group (n=30). They were treated with conventional medical treatment and rehabilitation training, the treatment group received Du-moxibustion treatment in addition with once a day, 6 days per week for 8 weeks. They were evaluated with modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before and after treatment. Results The scores of MBI and MoCA increased after treatment (P<0.05) in both groups and the scores were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Du-moxibustion can further improve the cognitive function and activities of daily living in stroke patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy of intralesional glucocorticoid injection with a needle-free injector versus an ordinary injector for the treatment of keloid. Methods A total of 60 patients with keloid were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups by using a random number table to receive intralesional injection of compound betamethasone with a needle-free injector(n=31)or an ordinary injector(n=29). The injection was given at a dose of 0.2 ml/cm3 once every 3 weeks for 3 sessions. Parameters for therapeutic efficacy were assessed, adverse reactions were recorded, and clinical pictures were taken before and after each treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test with the SPSS 19.0 software. Results Compared with the ordinary injector group, the needle-free injector group showed significantly different injection time during the first and second treatment (U=299.000, 773.500, respectively, both P=0.000), as well as duration of pain after the first injection(U=730.000, P=0.003). After three sessions of treatment, there was a significant difference in the volume, height, hardness of keloid, scores for pain, itching and appearance, and number of injection points between the needle-free injector group and ordinary injector group (U=295.000, 336.500, 264.000, 464.000, 451.500, 308.000, 233.500, P=0.001, 0.007, 0.000, 0.041, 0.043, 0.003, 0.001, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(all P>0.05). Moreover, the interval for lesion recurrence was significantly shorter in the needle-free injector group(11.8 days, 95%CI:10.96-12.6 days)than in the ordinary injector group(21.2 days, 95%CI:13.96-28.45 days). Conclusion Compared with the ordinary injector, the needle-free injector shows better efficiency for the treatment of keloid with decreased difficulty in injection and improved compliance in patients.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic effect of wide surgical excision combined with low-dose adjuvant interferon-alpha 2b on cutaneous malignant melanoma.Methods A total of 32 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma received wide surgical excision after preoperative examination and staging.The excisions were performed with a margin measuring 1-2 cm from the visible lesions or biopsy scars.Surgical modalities included direct suture after excision(4 patients),dactylolysis or toe amputation(6 patients),free skin grafting(15 patients),random skin flap transfer(3 patients)and pedicle skin flap transfer(4 patients).Lymph nodes were selectively dissected in 9 patients with regional transfer of lymph nodes,and inguinal lymph nodes were cleared away in 2 patients.One week after the operation,patients received adjuvant therapy with subcutaneous injection of interferon-alpha 2b(3 million IU,thrice per week)for one to three years.Results Preoperative tumor staging revealed 21 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma at stage Ⅱ,and 11 cases at stage Ⅲ.The excisions healed by the first stage in all the patients.Up to June 2011,2 patients had been lost to follow up,5 patients with stage Ⅲ melanoma had died.Survival was observed in all of the 4 patients receiving 1-year follow up,12 of 13 patients receiving 1-3 year follow up,5 of 7 patients receiving 3-5 year follow up,and 4 of 6 receiving 5-year follow up.Of the 25 surviving patients,regional lymph node metastasis was observed in 8 patients,which developed within 2 years after the operation in 2 patients.The adjuvant therapy with interferon-alpha 2b lasted 3 years in 8 patients,and more than 1 year in 11 patients.Side effects were mild.Conclusion Wide surgical excision plus low-dose interferon-alpha 2b is effective for the treatment of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ cutaneous malignant melanoma with lower local recurrence and higher survival rate.

Objective:To explore the relationship between friendship quality and loneliness and its influent factors like the measuring tool of friendship quality,the participants groups and cultural background. Methods:The studies on the association between the friendship quality and loneliness were collected through the databases of Chi-na National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang,Wiley Online library,Web of Science,Google Scholar and Duxiu from 1984 to 2014. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the CMA2. 0. Estimated value (r)and their 95%confidence interval (95%CI)was calculated to analyze the association between the friendship quality and loneliness from normal subjects except physiological disease (such as autism,etc. ). Results:Totally 46 literatures were met the requirements of meta-analysis with sample size of 19422,including 24 researches With 11846 participants who were from eastern countries,and 22 studies with 7676 western people. There was significant negative correlation of friendship quality and loneliness (r=-0. 28,95%CI:-0. 23--0. 32). The friendship quality measuring tool was able to adjust the relations of friendship quality and loneliness (Q=11. 95,P<0. 01). The participants groups had a regulatory role on the relationship between the friendship quality and loneliness (Q=19. 54,P<0. 001). Under dif-ferent cultural background of the subjects,the relationship between their friendship quality and loneliness was notsignificant difference (Q=0. 05 ,P>0. 05 ). Conclusion:It suggests that friendship quality has an influence on lone-liness. Measuring tools and subjects groups effect the relationship friendship quality and loneliness except cultural background.