Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rarely encountered benign spleen lesion which has recently been gaining recognition. However,the actual pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear.SANT's remarkably characteristic appearance consists grossly of multiple well-circumscribed vascular/angiomatoid nodules of various sizes in a fibrosclerotic stroma. Immunohistochemical studies display a heterogeneous staining pattern of endothelial phenotypes in the angiomatoid nodules,with some cells resembling splenic sinusoids (CD34 -/CD31 +/CD8 + ),capillaries (CD34 +/CD31 +/CD8 - ) and small veins (CD34 -/CD31+/CD8-).Due to the rarity of this disease,it is often mistaken for splenic hamartoma,inflammatory pseudotumor,littoral cell angima or hemangioendothelioma. So far,SANT exhibits a benign clinical course because splenectomy can be curative.In this review,we outline the clinical and pathologic features of SANT and discuss its probable disease mechanism to provide a holistic overview of the disease at this time.

In recent years, promising results have been achieved in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell transplantation in the treatment of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.The types of transplanted RPE cells include autologous RPE cells, autologous iris pigment epithelium cells, allogeneic fetal RPE cells, allogeneic adult RPE cells, human embryonic stem sell-derived RPE cells, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells.According to the transplantation method, RPE cell transplantation can be divided into RPE cell suspension transplantation and RPE cell sheets transplantation.The research on the autologous RPE cells and iris pigment epithelial cells has been reduced due to their limited materials.Fetal RPE cells, which have low immunogenicity and can produce a large number of donor RPE cells, are ideal sources of transplanted cells.Human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells have adverse effects, including teratogenicity and genetic instability, so transplanted RPE cells need to be optimized.In this article, the experimental researches related to RPE cell transplantation in recent years, the efficacy of transplantation and the existing problems were reviewed.The future trend of RPE cell transplantation may be to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for transplanted cells to screen out relatively suitable donor cells.

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical characteristics of IgG4-related disease. Meth-ods The microscopic characteristics and immunohistochemical staining (EnVision) of IgG, IgG4, CD138 and CD34 have been per-formed on 12 cases of IgG4-related disease. Results IgG4-related disease were characterized by diffuse fibrosis, accompanied with in-filtrating of dense lymphocytes and plasma cells surrounding neurovascular and occlusive phlebitis. Immunohistochemical staining re-sults showed the ratio of IgG4+/IgG+ cells were over 40%. Conclusions IgG4-related disease is absent of characteristic clinical and radiographic features and is easily misdiagnosed as tumor. Preoperative serum IgG4 detection could be used as the prior examina-tion for the suspected cases.

Objective To understand the environmental lead pollution status in Tongzhou and the biological burden of lead in children living in the lead polluted area.Methods The 353 pupils aged 7-14 years were randomly selected in Zhangzhishan town central elementary school that was near to steel wire factories,283 pupils were selected as the control by using the same methods in an elementary school around where there is no any steel wire factory.Every students were investigated by questionnaires,meanwhile their hair were collected to determine lead with ASS method.Results In the polluted area group,hair lead of 77 pupils exceeded the normal level,the median was 4.437 ?g/g,the rate of exceeding the normal level(≤10 ?g/g)was 21.81%,and 65 pupils with lead poisoning related symptoms(18.41%).In the control group,the median was 3.965 ?g/g,the rate of exceeding the normal level was 11.31%,38 pupil with lead poisoning related symptoms(13.43%).After controlled the passive smoking confounder,the difference of hair lead level between these two groups was still significant(P

Objective To analyze endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) image of esophageal granular cell tumor (GCT) by computer image analysis software,and to explore its diagnostic and differential diagnostic value.Methods Eight esophageal GCT and eight leiomyomas confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examination were collected,mean gray value and gray value standard deviation of EUS image of the leisons were analyzed by computer image analysis software.The comparison of two groups was analyzed by t test.Results The endoscopic and ultrasound images of esophageal GCT and leiomyomas were similar.The mean gray value of EUS image of esophageal GCT and esophageal leiomyomas was 67.51 and 51.76,the difference was statistically significant (t=2.225,P=0.043).However,there was no significant difference in the standard deviation of gray value (13.54 vs 13.12,t=0.225,P=0.825).Conclusion The accuracy of GCT diagnosed by EUS could be increased by comparing the gray values of EUS images of esophageal GCT and leiomyomas.

Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; surgery ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for duodenal cysts.Methods Clinical manifestations, results of conventional gastroscopy and EUS, as well as follow-up, of patients with duodenal cysts were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 105 patients with duodenal cysts presented with no lesion-related symptoms, but displayed characteristic imaging changes under EUS, which could reveal the origin, size and nature of duodenal cysts, and differentiate it from other submucosal lesions.A maximum follow-up of 5 years showed no changes in duodenal cysts.Conclusion Duodenal cyst is a benign disease, and EUS plays a very important role in diagnosis of the disease.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cytodiagnosis ; Humans ; Parathyroid Glands ; pathology

Objective To explore the role of caveolin-1 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by high-fat diet.Methods A total of 12 ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 14 weeks to establish the NAFLD animal model.And six syngeneic mice fed with normal diet at the same time were taken as control.All the mice were sacrificed by the end of 14th week,body weight,liver weight and the changes of serum lipids of the two groups were compared.The changes of caveolin-1 at mRNA and protein levels in the liver of mice with NAFLD were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot.The liver steatosis of the mice was observed under light microscopy after stained by hematoxylin and eosin.The changes of distribution of caveolin-1 in liver were examined by immunohistochemistry.The differences of caveolin-1 at mRNA and protein level in livers between the two groups were compared by t test.The differences of immunohistochemical scores of caveolin-1 expression in the livers of mice with different degree of fatty liver were analyzed by ordinal variables of two independent samples ranksum test analysis.Results After 14 weeks high-fat and high-cholesterol diet,all the mice of experiment group developed NAFLD.Nine of which were severe and three were moderate.Compared with the control group,serum total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of experiment group significantly increased ((1.940 ± 0.300) mmol/L vs (3.771±0.800) mmol/L,(1.120±0.066) mmol/L vs (2.224±0.420) mmol/L,(0.510±0.191) mmol/L vs (1.241±0.660) mmol/L,t=-3.760,-5.474,-3.332,all P＜0.01),however there was no significant difference in triglyceride (P＞0.05).The caveolin-1 of experiment group significantly increased at mRNA (1.536 ±0.226 vs 0.980± 0.272,t=3.371,P＜0.05) and protein levels (0.643±0.240 vs 0.100±0.130,t=4.847,P＜0.01).The immunohistochemical results indicated that the increased caveolin-1 expression mainly distributed in the membrane of hepatocytes,cytoplasm and membrane of lipid droplets.Conclusion The up-regulated caveolin-1 expression in the livers of NAFLD mice induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol may be involved in the mechanism of NAFLD.