Objective To observe and study the application and effect of antimicrobial agents in type Ⅰ general surgery, in order to rationalize the use of drugs.Methods 228 patients with type Ⅰgeneral surgery from May 2014 to September 2016 were selected as the observation group.The patients in the type Ⅰ general surgery group from February 2012 to April 2014 were selected as the control group.The observation group were retrospectively monitored, and the control group were prospectively monitored.The application of antimicrobial agents in the two groups of patients, the rational application and the application rate of antimicrobial agents in type Ⅰ general surgery and outcome were compared.Results The application rate of the first generation cephalosporins in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ).There was no significant difference in application rate of macrolides compared with the control group.The application rates of the second generation and third generation cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides and nitroimidazoles were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05 ).And the rational use of antimicrobial agents, reasonable choice of time, rational combination of drugs, reasonable dose, reasonable frequency of administration and reasonable volume of solvent were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The antibiotic application rates of abdominal hernia surgery, thyroid surgery and breast surgery were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no infective case in the two groups.And the average length of stay in the observation group was (8.50 ±1.20) days, which was lower than (15.00 ±2.30) days in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Accordance with the principles of antibiotics in type Ⅰ general surgery, it could rationalize medication and reduce the drug resistance.

Objective To observe the effects of health promotion on tumor recurrence,quality of life and self feeling evaluation of patients with superficial bladder carcinoma.Methods 104 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma treated in our hospital from March 2002 to March 2005 were divided to two groups randomly.The patients in one group were treated by bladder irrigation with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG)simply,and those in the other group were treated by bladder irrigation and health promotion.Tumor recurrence,quality of life and self feeling evaluation between the two groups were compared.Results All patients were foUowed up for 7.3-36.0 months(mean 28.5 months).17 patients(15/51)in the simple BCG irrigation group had tumor recurrence in 0-12 months(2 patients),13-24 months(6)and 25- 36months(9)respectively.The recurrence rate in the first year was 3.9%.in the second year 11.8% and in the third year 17.6%.Eleven(11/53)patients had in the BCG irrigation and health promotion group.in 0-12 months(2),13-24 months(7),and 25-36 months(2)respectively.The recurrence rate in the first year was 3.8%.in the second year 13.2%.and in the third year 3.8%.There were no significant differences in the recurrence rates of the first and second year between the two groups(P>0.05).but there was significant difieFence in the recurrence rate of the third year between the two group(Y2=5.29,P< 0.05).There were no significant difierences in self feeling SCL-90 evaluation and quality evaluation of life after the first discharging between the two groups(P>0.05).After 3-year follow up,the life quality of the patients in the BCG irrigation and health promotion group was improved obviously compared with the simple BCG group(X2=6.47,P<0.05),and the bad negative emotion was diminished obviously compared with the simple BCG group(P<0.05).Conclusion Health promotion after operation on the patients with superficial bladder carcinoma can decrease the long-term tumor recurrence rate obviously,and improve the quality of life and self feeling significantly.

0.05).The responsiveness of detrusor muscle cells in elderly group to isoprenaline,BRL37344 and forskolin was significantly lower than that in control group ( P 0.05 ).The Bmax of ?-adrenoceptor was 26.9 fmol/mg and 32.4 fmol/mg in elderly and control groups,respectively,with significant difference between the 2 groups (P0.05). Conclusions There is an age-related decline in ?-adrenergic responsiveness,which might be one of the causative factors of the reduced bladder compliance of the elderly.The decrease of cAMP level caused by reduced receptor density and adenylyl cyclase activity might be the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes of ?-adrenergic responsiveness.

[Objective]To explore improved operation treatment of fractures of olecranon and internal or external malleolus by fixing them internally with needle wire amend tension band.[Method]A total of 89 cases of olecranon fracture and 63 cases of internal and external malleolus fracture were treated by the amended traditional tension belt using needle wire nails.[Result]Sixty-eight and 55 of these cases(80.9%) had been followed-up respectively for 2.5 years in average,the longest follow-up period was 5 years and the shortest was 6 months.It shows through evaluation with Wolfgang post curative standard that 65 and 53 cases were excellent in curative effect(95.9%),3 and 2 cases had moderate result(4.1%),and there was no worse case.The average fracture cure time was 1.5 months.[Conclusion]The improvement of traditional tension belt in olecranon and internal or external malleolus fracture operation by using needle wire nails has the following advantages:(1)Simplifying operation procedures;(2)Reducing number of steel nails;(3)Keeping the biomechanical principle of the tension band and internal AO fixing advantage;(4)Reducing the phenomena of "tension loss" caused by expanded steel wire holes as a result of osteonecrosis,and avoiding internal loose complication.The disadvantage of this method is that the fixation has to be taken out through operation.

Objective To study the effect of ephedrine on middle latency auditory-evoked potentials (MLAEP) during light general anesthesia , and evaluate the influence of ephedrine on anesthesia level. Methods 10 patients (ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective upper abdominal operations were concerned. Anesthesia: epidural anesthesia in combination with light general anesthesia with N 2O-O 2 . After success of epidural anesthesia and tracheal intubation , when anesthesia was smooth , before operation 0.1% ephedrine(0.15 mg/kg) was injected intravenously. These data HR, SBP, DBP, MBP were measured continuously before injection, 3 min after injection, 10 min after injection; the latentcies Nb and P1 of MLAEP were measured and rescorded. Results HR?SBP?DBP?MBP increased significantly 3 min after injection, 10 min after injection compared with these data before injection (P

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a commonly encountered central neurodegenerative disease in elderly people. According to theories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), PD is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the branch. Deficiency was referred to qi-blood deficiency of the liver and kidney. Excess was referred as the wind, fire, phlegm and stasis. Deficiency was the root and excess was the branch. Good efficacies have been obtained by treatment based on syndrome differentiation, treatment with specific prescriptions, acupuncture and moxibustion and comprehensive treatment. Some experiments had been conducted to elucidate its mechanisms. However, no uni-fied standard for therapeutic evaluation, poor control of medicinal quality, inferior quality of designed clinical trials, and unclear treatment mechanism in the clinical study on therapeutic effect of PD treatment with TCM require fur-ther studied.

Objective To build rat models and observe changes of behavior and monoamine of PDD. Methods The rats were injected with 6-OHDA and accepted CUMS for the establishment of PDD model , so as to assess its behavior changes and detect brain tissue monoamine contents by ELISA. Results Significant behavioral and monoamine abnormalities can be observed in model rats. Behavioral and monoamine improvement can be observed after treated with Chaigan Jieyou. Conclusion The PDD model can be established by 6-OHDA and CUMS. Chaigan Jieyou decoction may reach therapeutic purposes by increasing monoamine contents.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brachytherapy by percutaneous paracentesis implantation of iodine-125 seeds for elderly non-small cell lung cancer.Methods 18 patients with peripheral lung cancer were undergone brachytherapy by percutaneous paracentesis implantation of iodine-125 seeds.The effect was evaluated by periodically chest CT.The complications were analyzed.Results 18 patients were observed one,two and six months after operation.CR,PR,SD were seen in 27.8％(3/18),66.7％(14/18),5.6％(1/18)respectively of the patients.Pneumothorax,hemoptysis were seen in 16.67％(3/18),95.37％(17/18),no pleural cavity bleeding.Conclusion Brachytherapy by percutaneous paracentesis implantation of iodine-125 seeds for lung cancer was effecitve.The complications were easy to treat.The methods of implantation of iodine-125 seeds could fully play the advantages of CT,and reduce the damage to the body when raising the tumorous control rate.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of primary retroperitoneal tumors(PRPT) and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors.Methods The clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and prognosis in 352 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumors were retrospectively studied, and the factors affecting postoperative recurrence were also investigated. Results The most common clinical manifestations in 352 cases of PRPT included abdominal mass,abdominal pain,abdominal distention, and lumbar pain. The size of the majority of PRPTs was large, and pathological patterns of them were varied. Urinary system, digestive system and large vessels were often involved. The resection rate was 87.99%. Removal of the involving organs or vessels were often necessary to achieve a complete resection of the tumor. The nature of the tumor and completeness of tumor were the major risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Conclusion The clinical manifestations, pathological types, involved organs and surgical treatment are complicated in PRPTs. Complete resection is the only effective method for the treatment of PRPTs, and it is one of the major factors in reducing recurrence.

Objective To observe the feasibility and safety of carotid artery stenting(CAS) for treating the patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Methods 60 patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis by DSA were performed CAS.Among them, 52 cases were onset stenosis of carotid artery,8 cases were extracanical stenosis.The degree of stenosis was 50%～70% in 14 patients,70%～90% in 28 patients and≥90% in 18 patients.64 stents were placed,and 15 filter protection devices were used.Results The drgree of stenosis was decreased from (73.4?9.5)% to (12.5?8.2)%. The plaques were disappear in 53 cases, many debris were found in 5 filter protection divices. The clinical symptoms of all patients were disappear within one week, the mild paralyse was recover in all patients. There were 53 cases with heart rate slowdown during or after operation,the blood pressure declined in 48 cases,and there were 5 patients with vasospasm, as well as one case with cerebral embolization,one case with sydrome of high perfusion and one case with sydrome of low perfusion or swoon. During flowing up for 3 months to 2 years,no one case was found TIA or cerebral infarction,however,only one case was found mild restenosis by DSA.Conclusions CAS is a safety and efficient method for treatment symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Lowering the risk of operation is done by handling indication seriously and operation skillfully.