AIM: To study the change of glutamate (Glu) transport across blood brain barrier ( BBB ) in rat following forebrain ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: BBB unidirectional transfer constant ( Ki ) for [3H] - Glu in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum were determined after rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia 10 min ( two - carotid occlusion plus hypovolemic hypotension) followed by 0.17, 2, 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. The recovery of [3H] - Glu in cerebrum was also determined after intracerebral injection of [3H] - Glu in another experiment. RESULTS: Compared with control rat brain, Ki for [3H] -Glu significantly( P < 0.05) decreased at 10 ain cerebral ischemia followed by 0.17, 2 and 6 h of reperfusion. At 5 min after intracerebrally injecting [3H] - Glu , recovery of [3H] - Glu in control rat brain was 23.83%. The result indicted that there is a Glu efflux mechanism on BBB. This efflux was not significantly inhibited by pretreatment of 200 mg/L probenecid. After 10 ain cerebral ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion, the recovery( 13.13 % ) was significantly lower than contro( P < 0.05), its recovery was only 55 % of the control. The result indicated that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may enhanced the effiux of [3H] -Glu from brain. CONCLUSION: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion significantly reduced Glu BBB transport from plasma to brain and enhanced effiux of Glu from brain.

AIM: to study the change of glutamate(Glu) transport across blood brain barrier(BBB) in rat following forebrain ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: BBB unidirectional transfer constant(K i) for [3H]-Glu in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum were determined after rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia 10 min (two-carotid occlusion plus hypovolemic hypotension) followed by 0.17, 2, 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. The recovery of [3H]-Glu in cerebrum was also determined after intracerebral injection of [3H]-Glu in another experiment. RESULTS: Compared with control rat brain, K i for [3H]-Glu significantly(P

BACKGROUND:The good performance of resin cements used to cement fiber-posts has been confirmed, but the adhesive properties of different kinds of resin cements remain different.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the shear bond strength of three resin cements (Bisco One-step, Clearfil DC, 3M ESPE RelyX Unicem) used to cement fiber posts and to observe their adhesive properties.
METHODS:Fifteen extracted teeth were selected and the crowns were removed with a diamond bur 1-mm coronal to the cemento-enamel junction fol owed by endodontic treatment. Then the teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=5). Glass fiber posts were cemented respectively with three resin cements, and after embedding, the roots were cut into 2-mm-thick sections for push-out tests. The mean shear bonding strengths were compared, and the failure modes were recorded and analyzed under a high-power microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mean bonding strengths were (4.69±1.85) MPa for Bisco One-step group, Clearfil DC, (6.10±0.36) MPa for Clearfil DC group, and (7.04±0.92) MPa for 3M ESPE RelyX Unicem group. The bonding strengths of RelyX Unicem and Clearfil DC groups were significantly greater than that of Bisco One-step group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was between 3M ESPE RelyX Unicem group and Clearfil DC group. Al samples were mainly defined as modes Ⅱ andⅣfailure, indicating that the adhesive failure was the most mode of fracture. These findings showed that the bonding strengths of fiber posts cemented to root canals with three different resin cements system exhibit significant differences, and the interface between dentine and resin cements is the primary weak link.

Radish phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (RsPHGPx) was identified as a mitochondrion-targeting PHGPx in previous work. To determine its cleavage site of the targeting peptide, the immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) purification approach was carried out to isolate the native RsPHGPx protein.Polyclonal antibodies directed against recombinant RsPHGPx were raised in rabbit. Monospecific anti-RsPHGPx antibodies were isolated by means of affinity chromatography using the recombinant RsPHGPx as affinity ligand, and employed in assembling an IAC column. A single-step, highly specific and easy-to-use protocol was developed for purification of the active RsPHGPx protein through the assembled IAC column. Using this approach, a specific protein of the expected molecular size was obtained from the mitochondrial fraction of radish seedlings. Western blot analysis showed that it could be specifically recognized by anti-RsPHGPx antibodies, and an enzyme activity assay indicated that it exhibited significant PHGPx activity, suggesting that the purified protein should be the desired native RsPHGPx. These results will lead to clarification of the targeting peptide and the active mature protein of RsPHGPx and will be helpful to further probe the intracellular localization mechanism and biological fun ction of this plant PHGPx.

A novel radish RsPHGPx cDNA, which encodes a functional phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathioneperoxidase (PHGPx) protein, was identified in the previous work. In the study genomic organization and the upstream regulatory sequence analysis of this gene was presented. Southern blot analysis showed that RsPHGPx gene existed in radish genome in manner of single copy. Moreover, a 3.3 kb genomic DNA fragment of RsPHGPx gene was isolated by combination of common PCR and genome-walking method. Sequence analysis on this genomic fragment demonstrated that RsPHGPx gene consists of seven exons separated by six introns, and suggested that a short 5'-flanking sequence immediately before the exon 1 should be the putative RsPHGPx promoter region, which is proceeded by the upstream neighboring biotin synthase gene. Cis-acting elements search showed that the putative promoter contains elements responsive to hormones (eg. E-Box and W-Box), abiotic stresses (eg. MYB and MYC binding sites), and light (Box Ⅱ and Ⅰ-Box), etc. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of RsPHGPx was subjected to up-regulation of chilling and down-regulation of ABA and successive illumination (in etiolated seedlings), implying the regulatory roles of some predicted elements. However the up-regulation effect of herbicide paraquat, which can induce oxidative stress, suggested the presence of some unknown elements in the promoter region. This is the first report on gene structure and upstream regulatory sequence analysis in reported plant PHGPx genes, which will be a prerequisite to understand regulatory mechanism of PHGPx gene expression in plants.

Injury of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction refers to the penetrating injury of the bile duct, pancrea-tic duct or duodenal wall in the region of ampulla of Vater. It is often caused by improper operation of surgical instruments, and may lead to leakage of bile, pancreatic or duodenal contents into retroperitoneal space and chemical corrosion in a wide range of retroperitoneal soft tissue, which result in severe secondary infection or even death. Leakage of contrast media, hypertrophy of tissue and anatomical changes were the evidences for injury of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction. Injury of choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction can be. divided into 4 types, and treatment selected according to different types of injury is neces-sary for the prognosis of patients.

Malignant tumor therapy has entered a new era ofprecise treatment.Nowadays, targeted anti-angiogenic agents have become a popular research topic that continues to attract increasing interest. Tumor immune escape plays an indispensable role in therapeutic resistance. Anti-angiogenic therapies not only prevent the tumor angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth but also neu-tralize tumor escape from a host's immune system by reducing the immunosuppressive cells and increasing the number of tumor-infil-trating lymphocyte (TIL) and cytotoxic lymphocte (CTL). This paper aims to review the mechanism underlying the manner by which an-ti-angiogenesis enhances immunity by influencing tumor microenvironment.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important member of the STAT family of signaling pro-teins. STAT3 is widely expressed in different types of cells and tissues and is involved in many physiological and pathological process-es, including cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and malignant transformation. Over recent years, increased attention has been given on the role of STAT3 in tumor angiogenesis and radiation sensitivity. Studies show that on the one hand, following activation, STAT3 promotes angiogenesis by directly regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and then causes radiation resistance. On the other hand, STAT3 indirectly promotes angiogenesis by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), thus producing radio-therapy tolerance. Moreover, STAT3 can directly or by HIF-1αindirectly regulate CyclinD1 expression, thus rapidly promoting cell pro-gression through G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle and enhancing cell proliferation. In addition to regulating the cell cycle, CyclinD1 plays a key role in radiation sensitivity. Results suggest that STAT3 plays a role in tumor angiogenesis and radiation resistance via di-rect and indirect mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent research advances on the role of STAT3 in regulating tumor angio-genesis and radiation sensitivity.

The relationship between the dental occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)has been one of the most controversial topics in the dental community.In a large epidemiological cross-sectional survey-the Study of Health in Pomerania (Germany)-associations between 1 5 occlusion-related variables and TMD signs or symptoms were found.In other investigations,additional occlusal variables were i-dentified.However,statistical associations do not prove causality.By using Hill's nine criteria of causation,it becomes apparent that the evi-dence of a causal relationship is weak.Only bruxism,loss of posterior support and unilateral posterior crossbite show some consistency across studies.On the other hand,several reported occlusal features appear to be the consequence of TMDs,not their cause.Above all,however, biological plausibility for an occlusal aetiology is often difficult to establish,because TMDs are much more common among women than men. Symptom improvement after insertion of an oral splint or after occlusal adjustment does not prove an occlusal aetiology either,because the a-melioration may be due to the change of the appliance-induced intermaxillary relationship.In addition,symptoms often abate even in the ab-sence of therapy.Although patients with a TMD history might have a specific risk for developing TMD signs,it appears more rewarding to fo-cus on non-occlusal features that are known to have a potential for the predisposition,initiation or perpetuation of TMDs.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Various studies have focused on differences between colon can-cers on the left and right sides. These types of colon cancer differ in terms of their molecular features, embryologic origin, anatomy, pathogenesis to physiological functions, clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis. Therefore, the left-and right-side colon cancers are regarded as different diseases. These differences have significant effect on clinical decision-making and personalized medi-cine.