Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of various spectrum lasers in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, we searched the Cochrane Library (2009, 6 issues), PubMcd, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Journal Full Text Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Full Text Database. Retrieval time was up to June, 2009. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lasers for acne vulgaris were included. Results Twelve RCTs totaling 367 patients were included. Because the lack of clinical homogeneity, only descriptive analysis was conducted. Acne lesion counts improved significantly with laser therapy. Adverse effects were limited to transient erythema and edema at treatment sites. Treatment-related pains were well tolerated. Conclusions Current evidence demonstrates that all type lasers in treating acne vulgaris is safe and efficacy. However, higher quality RCT research would be needed to verify the effects and status of lasers on acne vulgaris.

In the past decades,numerous chemical analysis studies have identified numerous compounds in tobacco smoke,and the number is increasing,as of 2013,9582 compounds have been identified in tobacco smoke,including nicotine,tobacco smoke-specific nitrosamines,benzo[alpha]pyrene and other substances,as well as cotinine,4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and other products that are metabolized in the body.The products of metabolic transformation,such as cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol,can target the heart,lungs and other organs,inducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,coronary heart disease,lung cancer,esophageal cancer and other types of cancer.Chinese medicine's understanding of"toxicity"originates from the Nei Jing,which believes that"poisonous evil"can be an external pathogenic factor,but can also cause the five organs to lose harmony and produce phlegm and stagnation and other pathological products that accumulate into internal toxicity.The modern medical understanding of tobacco smoke toxic substances and their metabolites is quite consistent with the understanding of"external toxicity"and"internal toxicity"in Chinese medicine,so the author intends to explore the main components and pathogenic mechanisms of tobacco smoke harmful substances and their metabolites.To clarify the etiological characteristics and pathogenic transformation characteristics of"internal"and"external"tobacco smoke toxicity,so as to explore the modernization of"tobacco smoke toxicity"and the combination of tobacco smoke pathogenesis and TCM theory for TCM.Theoretical foundation is laid.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak caused by human brucellosis in a farm in Yantai City,to explore the causes and transmission routes,and to provide evidence for prevention and control of brucellosis in Yantai City.Methods In 2014,an on-site investigation was conducted in a farm where brucellosis occurred in Yantai City,and case searches were conducted on exposed populations in the farm.According to the investigation questionnaire on epidemiology of brucellosis in Shandong Province,general information,clinical manifestation and high-risk behavior exposure information of the cases were collected;blood samples were collected and tested by tiger red plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT).Brucellosis was diagnosed according to the "Diagnostic Criteria for Brucellosis" (WS 269-2007).Results The first case was male,58 years old,farm worker.A total of 38 suspected cases were found.Eleven patients with positive RBPT and SAT≥1:100 (++) were confirmed cases.The confirmed cases were all male,with a median age of 52 years,ranging from 40 to 60 years old;5 farm workers and 6 construction workers;the onset time was mainly in June and July,a total of 7 cases;clinical manifestations mainly included excessive sweating,muscle and joint pain,fatigue,testicular swelling,etc.Of the 147 sheep in the farm,47 were positive by laboratory tests,accounting for 31.97％,which were the main sources of infection.High-risk exposures for farm workers included hand-delivered births (5 cases) and breeding for livestock (1 case);high-risk exposures for construction workers included entry and exit of sheep houses (6 cases) and handling of supplies in sheep houses (6 cases).Conclusions The epidemic is caused by direct contact with Brucella-infected sheep or caused by respiratory contact with brucellosis contaminated environment.It is necessary to strengthen the health education for prevention and control of the disease in key populations and improve the awareness of the disease.

Objective To analyze the current patient satisfaction levels and their influencing factors from the perspective of medical experience in private rehabilitation hospitals in Chongqing.This analysis aimed to provide references for these hospitals to improve the quality of medical services.Methods A questionnaire survey of 467 inpatients from three private rehabilitation hospitals in Chongqing was conducted,using convenience sampling.The x2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to i-dentify factors influencing patient satisfaction.Results The overall satisfaction rate of inpatient care was 78.6％,with an aver-age satisfaction score of 3.84±0.52.The complaint and advice service scored the higher,while logistics and environmental serv-ice and rehabilitation treatment service were assessed with lower scores.Regression analysis showed that the per capita monthly household income ranged between 2 001 and 4 000 yuan(OR=0.221,95％CI:0.077-0.635),and between 4 001 and 6 000 yuan(OR=0.296,95％CI:0.125-0.700).Additionally,out-of-pocket payment(OR=4.198,95％CI:1.035-17.027),and others payment methods,including commercial insurance(OR=9.591,95％CI:1.767-52.049)were identified as influential factors.Conclusion Inpatients'overall satisfaction with their medical experience is acceptable,but still has considerable room for improvement.It is recommended that a multidimensional approach be adopted to improve patient satisfaction.