OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in pediatric severe infection treatment,and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:Based on related typical cases,the breakthrough points of clinical pharmacists providing pharmaceutical care in pediatric severe infection treatment plan were introduced. RESULTS:Clinical pharmacists formu-lated multi-drug resistance pathogenic antibacterial plan according to the results of pathogenic microbiological examination,use pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics,excluded interference to pediatric anti-infection treatment from ADR,and guideline and eco-nomical factors of patients. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists adopt professional knowledge of pharmacy to provide pharmaceu-tical care in pediatric severe infection treatment and play professional assisted role so as to guarantee safe,effective and economical treatment.

Biotechnology is one of the important areas of life science, consequently the ethical problems were caused by its researches and applications. The article analyzed the ethical problems related to the development of biotechnology and put forwards some countermeasures in order to keep it developing constantly and steady.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative analgesia with oxycodone on T cell function after operative of cesarean section with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Sixty cesarean sec-tion women with chronic hepatitis B undergoing CS,aged 22-35,were randomly divided into two groups:oxycodone group (group O)and morphine group (group M).The changes of immune cells (Th1,Th2)and liver function were recorded after the analgesia (immediate,postoperative 24 h,48 h,72 h).The total number of pressing analgesia pump and the cumulative amount of PCA were re-corded.Results The Th1 of group O was higher than that of group M at 24 h,48 h after operation (P <0.05),while there was no significant difference of Th1 and Th2 in group M.The total patient-controlled pressing times and accumulated amount of PCA of group O were significantly lower than those in group M (P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion Oxycodone can activate T cell function in postoperative analge-sia,while morphine causes the inhibition of Th1 cells.

Objective:Defensins from human neutrophils exhibit a broad antimicrobial activity.The transfection of the gene fused by human neutrophil peptide 1(HNP1) with the J chain into other cells may induce the in vitro expression of HNP1 to play antimicrobial roles.The authors analyzed the influencing factors on the expressed proteins of HNP1 and the J chain gene in COS-7 cells.Methods: Western blot was used to analyze the technical factors influencing the HNP1 protein expression.Results: Recombinant J-HNP1 was expressed in the cells successfully.Conclusion: The expression of J-HNP1 can be detected inside and outside the cells by Western blot.

This study was aimed to summarize and analyze acupoint selection rule of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in recent years,and to guide acupoint selection and compatibility in clinical practice.Relevant literatures in recent years were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) full-text database.And then,literatures involving acupuncture prescriptions were summarized.Data were integrated and input.Finally,the SPSS software was combined to analyze the data of acupoint selection in the acupuncture prescription to achieve the conclusion.The results showed that in the acupuncture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea,the main meridian selections were the Ren Meridian and the Spleen Meridian of Foot Taiyin.The generally used acupoints were SP6-Sanyinjiao,RN4-Guanyuan,SPS-Diji,and etc.The multi-point compatibility therapy was used.It was concluded that although the advantages of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea are prominent,the pathogenesis is mainly related to the liver,spleen and kidney,which are recognized by most physicians.However,there are still large differences in acupoint compatibility and acupoint selection.Hence,there are still no unified,scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment standards.Further exploration should be made to guide clinical practice.

Objective To summarize our experience in diagnosis and treatment of splenic tumors.Methods A retrospective study of the clinicopathologic data of 92 cases of splenic tumor was performed.Results There were 47 benign and 45 malignant tumors.The preoperative confirmed diagnostic rate by B-US was 85.87%(79/92),by CT was 91.30%(84/92).Splenectomy was performed in 81 cases,tumor resection or partial splenectomy in 7 cases,needle aspiration of splenic cyst in 3 cases and biopsy in one case.The 1-,3-,5-,10-year survival rate of malignant tumor was 68.29%,31.70%,14.63%,0.24%,respectirely.Conclusions Imaging studies are the main diagnostic methods of splenic tumors.Splenectomy is the treatment of choice for primary splenic malignant tumor.Splenic benign tumor does not require any other therapy after operation.Splenic malignant tumor requires adjuvant treatment.

This study was aimed to explore the medication rules of Chinese herbal medicine compound in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal based on data mining.Relevant literatures on Chinese herbal medicine compound in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea were retrieved from June 2006 to June 2016 in the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) to establish a literature database.The Excel 2010,SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Modeler 14.2 software were used in the frequency analysis,cluster analysis,association analysis,and etc.The results showed that literatures related to Chinese herbal medicine compound in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea,there were 74 compound formula and 76 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine involved.Angelica was the core single Chinese herbal medicine.Chinese herbal medicine with high-frequency usage was the type of removing blood stasis,invigorating qi and blood.Cluster analysis can form 5 clustering combination.Primary dysmenorrhea was mainly clustered to two syndromes,which were qi and blood deficiency with blood stasis,liver and kidney deficiency with qi stagnation and blood stasis.The association rules analysis showed that there were a total of 25 rules,with the most common combination of two or multiple combination from four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine,including Angelica,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,and Rhizoma Corydalis.It was concluded that blood stasis was the direct cause of primary dysmenorrhea,many of which belonged to the deficiency of root (i.e.,deficiency of qi,blood and cold deficiency) and excess of branch.Chinese herbal medicine treatment should be focused on the regulation of both qi and blood,invigoration of both liver and kidney,as well as harmonization of the blood.

Objective To obtain the disulfide stabilized Fv fragment (dsFv) against N-terminal fragment of human lip polysaccharide binding protein (NH-LBP) and to identify its biological vitality. Methods The disulfide stabilized Fv fragment antibody (dsFv) was obtained after the inclusion bodies of dsFvVH and dsFvVL had been refolded and purified. Then the characteristics of dsFv were determined in vitro by ELISA and by detecting the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) in rats. Results There was 2.1 mg protein of dsFv obtained. dsFv had good combination with NH-LBP and could restrain inflammatory reaction caused by lip polysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. Conclusion It is feasible to get dsFv against NH-LBP by respective expression of VL and VH. The partial inhibition of the biological function of LBP by dsFv is a new way to restrain the over-inflammatory reaction in vivo.

Objective To investigate the trough and peak vancomycin plasma concentrations in steady-state following regular dosage and to improve dosing regimen based on pharmacokinetic modeling, providing reference for clinical practice in children.Methods we retrospectively analyzed pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in 50 cases admitted in our PICU who had been confirmed or suspected with gram-positive bacterial infections following regular dosage[40 mg /(kg?d)].Then we tried to optimize dosing regimens with Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate different dosing regimens of vancomycin in children.Results with regular dosage of vancomycin,mean trough concentrations of vancomycin were (1 1.02 ±4.44 )mg /L, trough concentrations higher than 15 mg /L accounted for only 12%.In the actual program,the extension of a single intravenous infusion to 3 hours after administration would result in 26% of trough concentrations dis-tributing in the range above 15 mg /L.If we increased daily dose to 50 mg /kg and 60 mg /kg with simulation, the trough concentration distribution frequency above 15 mg /L would increase from 12% to 32% and 40%. If minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin to pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus )was 1 mg/L,the probabilities of target attainment for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation were 51.73%, 76.54% and 87.5% for three dosages [40 mg/(kg?d),50 mg/(kg?d)and 60 mg/(kg?d)]of vancomycin, respectively.we suspected that dosage of 60 mg/(kg?d)was a good choice.with this dosage regimen,we could achieve a substantial increase in the probability of target attainment.Conclusion Following regular dosages, trough concentration distribution frequency from 15 to 20 mg /kg is low.The extension of a single intravenous infusion time can not achieve a good result.According to the result of pathogenic bacteria and anti-microbial susceptibility tests,increasing daily dosage of vancomycin to 60 mg /(kg?d)will help to improve the trough concentration and get more clinic achievements.

Clinical teaching plays an important role in the education of medical graduate students.In the clinical teaching of the graduate students of burn and plastic surgery,we based it on clinical practice and guided the students in changing their modes of learning and thinking from examination-orientedness to problem solving,from simple vertical to clinical lateral thinking.We made sure that they all acquired innovative ideas and correct methods of clinical research by various academic activities,and cultivated their practical abilities and medical virtues by strict training and moral education.