MDR(multidrug-resistance)is a major obstacle in the chemotherapy of cancer.Numerous mechanisms are known to contribute to MDR,alterations at the level of apoptosis control are one of those mechanisms except overexpression of drug efflux pumps.This review focuses on the research progression of alterations at the level of apoptosis inducing MDR,and some of the strategies that have been used in an attempt to chemosensitize resistant tumors by manipulating dysregulated apoptosis pathways.

AIM: To study the pharmacological effect of Weichangshu (WCS) (Rhizoma coptidis, Fructus Evodiae., etc.) on rodent gastrointestinal function and gastric mucosa, and to analyze its analgesic and antidiarrheal mechanism. METHOD: Mouse's hypermobility induced by neostigmine and its gastric emptying were treated by WCS in comparison with normal subjects, rat's gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol, diarrhea induced by castor oil, pain induced by acetic acid and rat's gastric secretion and absorption were observed. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that WCS did not affect normal mouse's intestinal propulsion but significantly antagonized neostigmine induced intestinal propulsion and inhibited the gastric mucosa injure and decreased the frequency of the writhe and limited diarrhea. CONCLUSION: WCS has power to recover gastrointestinal function and lessen gastric mucosa injury and has analgesic and antidiarrheal effect.

Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system.Methods Through ig giving 0.1％ methyl orange solution,the gastric residual rate was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastric emptying in mice was observed.By ig administration of 5％ carbon powder,the advance rate of carbon powder was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on intestinal motility in normal mice and the antagonistic effect on intestinal motility hyperfunction induced by neostigmine were observed.Effect of Zuojin Pill on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine was observed.After D-xylose solution was ig given to rats,the serum xylose level was determined 1 h later,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on rat intestinal absorption was observed.The anti-diarrhea effect of Zuojin Pill was observed by giving castor oil to mice.At the same time,we have made a comparison between Zuojin Pill and Wuji Pill-berberine,to evaluate the rationalization of Zuojin Pill.Results It was obvious in experimental results that Zuojin Pill had a regulating effect on gastrointestinal system.Zuojin Pill dose-dependently inhibited the gastric emptying.Zuojin Pill demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine,but did not inhibit normal intestinal transit in mice.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited sperm motility in mice.Zuojin Pill concentration-dependently inhibited the contraction intensity of isolated ileum muscles in guinea pigs induced by histamine.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited diarrhea induced by castor oil.Compared with Wuji Pill-berberine,the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system was more visible in the same dose.Conclusion Zuojin Pill has obvious regulation effect on the gastrointestinal tract,there are indications that the application of Zuojin Pill to clinic is scientific and reasonable.

ObjectiveTo compare the content difference of total flavonoid, total polyphenol and scavenging activity to DPPH free radical ofDracocephalum tanguticum Maxim (DtM) before and after roasted;To explore the relationship between the contents of active components and antioxidant activity in the DtM before and after roasted.MethodsThe crude and roasted DtM were extracted with 75% ethanol as the solvent. The contents of total flavonoid and total polyphenol were detected by NaNO2-Al (NO3)3-NaOH and Folin-ciocalteu methods, respectively. The antioxidant abilities were evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. ResultsThe content of total flavonoids in the crude DtM (6.442%)the roasted DtM (0.628), and free radical scavenging efficiency of the crude DtM (1181.335)

This study was aimed to establish an HPLC method for the determination of chlorogenic acid, rutin and kaempferide in Solidago decurrens Lour. A Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm í 200 mm, 5 μm) was adopted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was at 25℃. The wavelength of detection was set at 282 nm. The results showed that the calibration curve was linear over the range of 63.2~442.4 μg for chlorogenic acid (r = 0.999 3), 8.1~56.8 μg for rutin (r = 0.999 4) and 10.8~75.7μg for kaempferide (r = 0.999 8). The average recovery of chlorogenic acid was 98.6% (RSD = 1.4%), that of rutin was 99.2% (RSD = 0.8%) and that of kaempferide was 100.3% (RSD = 1.0%). It was concluded that the method was simple, economical and accurate with good reproducibility.

Objective To understand the structure characteristics of hypopus of Caloglyphus berlesei. Methods The hy?popus of C. berlesei was collected from the feed of Chinese Polyphaga,and was made into the conventional glass specimens. The structure characteristics of hypopus of C. berlesei were observed by an optical microscope. Results The hypopus of C. ber?lesei had 4 pairs of legs,and the foot claws and tarsus were well?developed. The structural features were shown,such as the se?tae of tibia and setae of genu. Genital plates were obviously ossified. Conclusion The research on hypopus of Caloglyphus ber?lesei provides the reference for its further scientific classification and research on the life cycle.

Objective:To investigate the expression of AEG-1 gene in NSCLC and its clinical significance. Methods:Selected our hospital cardiothoracic surgical resection of 83 cases of postoperative cancer tissues of NSCLC patients and 20 paracancer to study, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression level of AEG-1 protein in two groups,the clinical and pathological of AEG-1 protein in patients with NSCLC was analyzed. Results:NSCLC tissues AEG-1 protein expression 46 cases ( 55. 42%) was sig-nificantly higher than 2 cases ( 10. 00%) of paracancer ( P<0. 05 ) . The high expression of AEG-1 protein in NSCLC tissue was significantly correlated with T stage,N stage and distant metastasis (P<0. 05),the relationship of AEG-1 between the age,sex,and dif-ferentiation degree of the patients was not significant ( P>0. 05 ) . AEG-1 high expression of NSCLC in patients with a median survival time of 15. 0 months was significantly lower than that of 19. 0 months (log-rankχ2=4. 119 P<0. 05,) in patients with low expression of AEG-1. Conclusion:AEG-1 gene expression has been up-regulated in NSCLC tissue,which was related to the clinical stage and distant metastasis of the patients.

BACKGROUND: Although improvement could be achieved after the first operation, limb symptoms of patients would aggravate with the progress or reoccurrence of Parkinson disease (PD), thereby second operation would become necessary if symptom could not be controllel by medication.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improving rate of symptoms and complications of patients with PD after the second operation.DESIGN: Case analysisSETTING: Neurosurgery Department of 153th Military Central Hospital and Neurosurgery Department of Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 387 primary PD patients were collected from Neurosurgery Department of 153th Military Central Hospital and Neurosurgery Department of Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical College of Chinese PLA from October 1997 to December 2002.Totally 350 patients received two operations in the same hospital, and other 37 patients received the first operation at other hospital and the second operation in our hospital. The intervals of two operations were within half a year in 36 cases, 0.5-0.9 year in 72 cases, 1.0-1.9 years in 108 cases and 2.0-5.0 years in 171 cases respectively.METHODS: Under the stereotactic microelectrode-guidance, the targets of all patients were subjected to iconographical orientation, microelectrode record, microelectrode stimulation and exploration and radio frequency microelectrode verification before just stage bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) or thalamus ventral intermediate nucleus damage(TVIND),unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was used at preoperative and postoperative "on" state (at the beginning of medication, patients move freely and stays in "on" state) as well as "off" state (when medication loss function, patients displays moving disability and stays in "off" state).complication between two operation .RESULTS: Data of 387 patients were remained in the results analysis.operation was lower than that of first operation (tremor 95.4%, 96.9%;rigidity 94.6%, 95.1%; bradykinesia 88.9%, 92.3%; gait 62.3%, 67.1%;balance 65.1%, 69.4%, akinesia and cramp 95.8%, 98.0%), but no diffor UPDRS were lower than that of preoperative scores (P ＜ 0.01). The mean total UPDRS scores improved by 46.8% in the "on" state and 53.5% in the "off" state after second operation, lower than that of first tive complications: The occurrenceof complications that was specific for the second operation including fatigue, salivation, reduced voice, fake bulbar paralysis, lethargy, hiccough, urinary incontinence, urinary retention were found higher than that of after the first operation (P ＜ 0.05).The occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage was also lower than that of after first operation.UPDRS were lower in the second operation, which may be due to that PD of postoperative complications which was specific for the second operation was obviously increased, which possibly associated with age, state of illness, constitution, operation type and interval between operations. But occurrence of non-specific postoperative complications was basically the same in two operations (cerebral hemorrhage and inflammation), suggesting that hemorrhage risk did not increased due to the second operation.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been investigated initially. Because both fat tissue and bone marrow are tissues originated from mesoderm, so whether MSCs could be obtained from fat tissue as well, which also have multi-lineage differentiation potential?OBJECTIVE:To investigate the basic biological characteristics of adipose MSC and its differentiation into osteoblast under given culture condition for the exploration of its feasibility as seed cell in bone tissue engineering.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics of an Affiliated Hospital of a university.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics of the Third Hospital of Peking University. Adipose MSC extracted from the fat tissue of Lewis rats was used as subject.METHODS: Adipose MSCs were obtained from inguinal fat pads of Lewis rat after digestion, which were induced into adipocytes and osteoblasts with adipose and osteogenesis induced culture mediums. The differentiations were examined with cytochemical staining, immuncytochemical staining and Western blotting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological and biological characteristic of adipose MSCs, and the specific mark of osteoblast after induction.RESULTS: Adipose MSCs were obtained from rat adipose tissue culture,which appeared fibroblast-likely in the culture in vitro, and could stably proliferate and passage in vitro. Primary adipose MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes spontaneously, and passaged cells could form fat drop under the reaction of insulin and dexamethasone, and then differentiate towards adipocytes after the expression of peroxidase proliferation activated receptor ?(PPAR-?) enhanced. There was significant difference between induction group and control group in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity detection under the induction of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and ?-sodium glycerophosphate(P ＜ 0.01) . Calcium node appeared in yon Kossa staining. Result of osteopontin (OPN) immunocytochemcial staining was positive,and OPN expression was detected by Western blotting after induction.CONCLUSION: MSCs with multi-lineage potential can be obtained from rat adipose tissue, and differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts after inductions. Therefore, adipose MSCs can possibly be served as one of optimal seed cells for bone tissue engineering.