Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system.Methods Through ig giving 0.1％ methyl orange solution,the gastric residual rate was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastric emptying in mice was observed.By ig administration of 5％ carbon powder,the advance rate of carbon powder was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on intestinal motility in normal mice and the antagonistic effect on intestinal motility hyperfunction induced by neostigmine were observed.Effect of Zuojin Pill on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine was observed.After D-xylose solution was ig given to rats,the serum xylose level was determined 1 h later,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on rat intestinal absorption was observed.The anti-diarrhea effect of Zuojin Pill was observed by giving castor oil to mice.At the same time,we have made a comparison between Zuojin Pill and Wuji Pill-berberine,to evaluate the rationalization of Zuojin Pill.Results It was obvious in experimental results that Zuojin Pill had a regulating effect on gastrointestinal system.Zuojin Pill dose-dependently inhibited the gastric emptying.Zuojin Pill demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine,but did not inhibit normal intestinal transit in mice.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited sperm motility in mice.Zuojin Pill concentration-dependently inhibited the contraction intensity of isolated ileum muscles in guinea pigs induced by histamine.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited diarrhea induced by castor oil.Compared with Wuji Pill-berberine,the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system was more visible in the same dose.Conclusion Zuojin Pill has obvious regulation effect on the gastrointestinal tract,there are indications that the application of Zuojin Pill to clinic is scientific and reasonable.

AIM: To study the pharmacological effect of Weichangshu (WCS) (Rhizoma coptidis, Fructus Evodiae., etc.) on rodent gastrointestinal function and gastric mucosa, and to analyze its analgesic and antidiarrheal mechanism. METHOD: Mouse's hypermobility induced by neostigmine and its gastric emptying were treated by WCS in comparison with normal subjects, rat's gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol, diarrhea induced by castor oil, pain induced by acetic acid and rat's gastric secretion and absorption were observed. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that WCS did not affect normal mouse's intestinal propulsion but significantly antagonized neostigmine induced intestinal propulsion and inhibited the gastric mucosa injure and decreased the frequency of the writhe and limited diarrhea. CONCLUSION: WCS has power to recover gastrointestinal function and lessen gastric mucosa injury and has analgesic and antidiarrheal effect.

MDR(multidrug-resistance)is a major obstacle in the chemotherapy of cancer.Numerous mechanisms are known to contribute to MDR,alterations at the level of apoptosis control are one of those mechanisms except overexpression of drug efflux pumps.This review focuses on the research progression of alterations at the level of apoptosis inducing MDR,and some of the strategies that have been used in an attempt to chemosensitize resistant tumors by manipulating dysregulated apoptosis pathways.

Objective To investigate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal damage caused by hyperlipidemia. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (NC, n=20) and high-fat group (HF, n=20). Rats in NC group were fed with normal diet while those in HF group were fed with high-fat diet. Five rats in each group were randomly chosen in week 4, 8, 12 and 18. Serum lipid, urine protein in 24 hours and the pathological changes of renal tissues were observed; the apoptosis of renal cells was detected by TUNEL staining; the expression of GRP78 protein in the kidney was examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of GRP78 mRNA and CHOP mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Results Compared with those in NC group, serum lipid as well as the expression of GRP78 mRNA and protein in the kidney were increased in week 4, 8, 12 and 18 in HF group(P<0.05). In contrast, urine protein in 24 hours, the apoptosis index of renal cells and the expression of CHOP mRNA were increased in week 8, 12 and 18 (P<0.05). Conclusion CHOP pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in renal damage caused by hyperlipidemia.

AIM: To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal injury caused by hyperlipidemia and the influence effect of simvastatin. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: rats in control group (n=10) were fed with normal diet; rats in high fat group (n=10) were fed with high fat diet; animals in simvastatin+high fat group (n=10) were fed with high fat diet and were received simvastatin 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) by gastric irrigation. After 18 weeks, the quantitative urine protein in 24 h, the serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels were tested. The pathological changes of renal tissue were observed under optic microscope. The expressions of GRP78 and p-JNK in renal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic cells in the kidney were detected by TUNEL staining. The mRNA expressions of GRP78 and CHOP were examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The quantitative urine protein in 24 h, the serum lipid, the expressions of GRP78 and p-JNK proteins, the mRNA expressions of GRP78 and CHOP as well as the apoptotic cells in renal tissues were increased in high fat group (P<0.01).The quantitative urine protein in 24 h, the serum lipid, the expression of GRP78 and p-JNK proteins, the mRNA expressions of GRP78 and CHOP as well as the apoptotic cells in renal tissues were remarkably reduced in simvastatin+high fat group than those in high fat group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The endoplasmic reticulum stress is engaged in the renal injury caused by hyperlipidemia. The simvastatin play a role in renal protection by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the kidney.

BACKGROUND: Although improvement could be achieved after the first operation, limb symptoms of patients would aggravate with the progress or reoccurrence of Parkinson disease (PD), thereby second operation would become necessary if symptom could not be controllel by medication.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improving rate of symptoms and complications of patients with PD after the second operation.DESIGN: Case analysisSETTING: Neurosurgery Department of 153th Military Central Hospital and Neurosurgery Department of Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 387 primary PD patients were collected from Neurosurgery Department of 153th Military Central Hospital and Neurosurgery Department of Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical College of Chinese PLA from October 1997 to December 2002.Totally 350 patients received two operations in the same hospital, and other 37 patients received the first operation at other hospital and the second operation in our hospital. The intervals of two operations were within half a year in 36 cases, 0.5-0.9 year in 72 cases, 1.0-1.9 years in 108 cases and 2.0-5.0 years in 171 cases respectively.METHODS: Under the stereotactic microelectrode-guidance, the targets of all patients were subjected to iconographical orientation, microelectrode record, microelectrode stimulation and exploration and radio frequency microelectrode verification before just stage bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) or thalamus ventral intermediate nucleus damage(TVIND),unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was used at preoperative and postoperative "on" state (at the beginning of medication, patients move freely and stays in "on" state) as well as "off" state (when medication loss function, patients displays moving disability and stays in "off" state).complication between two operation .RESULTS: Data of 387 patients were remained in the results analysis.operation was lower than that of first operation (tremor 95.4%, 96.9%;rigidity 94.6%, 95.1%; bradykinesia 88.9%, 92.3%; gait 62.3%, 67.1%;balance 65.1%, 69.4%, akinesia and cramp 95.8%, 98.0%), but no diffor UPDRS were lower than that of preoperative scores (P ＜ 0.01). The mean total UPDRS scores improved by 46.8% in the "on" state and 53.5% in the "off" state after second operation, lower than that of first tive complications: The occurrenceof complications that was specific for the second operation including fatigue, salivation, reduced voice, fake bulbar paralysis, lethargy, hiccough, urinary incontinence, urinary retention were found higher than that of after the first operation (P ＜ 0.05).The occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage was also lower than that of after first operation.UPDRS were lower in the second operation, which may be due to that PD of postoperative complications which was specific for the second operation was obviously increased, which possibly associated with age, state of illness, constitution, operation type and interval between operations. But occurrence of non-specific postoperative complications was basically the same in two operations (cerebral hemorrhage and inflammation), suggesting that hemorrhage risk did not increased due to the second operation.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been investigated initially. Because both fat tissue and bone marrow are tissues originated from mesoderm, so whether MSCs could be obtained from fat tissue as well, which also have multi-lineage differentiation potential?OBJECTIVE:To investigate the basic biological characteristics of adipose MSC and its differentiation into osteoblast under given culture condition for the exploration of its feasibility as seed cell in bone tissue engineering.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics of an Affiliated Hospital of a university.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics of the Third Hospital of Peking University. Adipose MSC extracted from the fat tissue of Lewis rats was used as subject.METHODS: Adipose MSCs were obtained from inguinal fat pads of Lewis rat after digestion, which were induced into adipocytes and osteoblasts with adipose and osteogenesis induced culture mediums. The differentiations were examined with cytochemical staining, immuncytochemical staining and Western blotting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological and biological characteristic of adipose MSCs, and the specific mark of osteoblast after induction.RESULTS: Adipose MSCs were obtained from rat adipose tissue culture,which appeared fibroblast-likely in the culture in vitro, and could stably proliferate and passage in vitro. Primary adipose MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes spontaneously, and passaged cells could form fat drop under the reaction of insulin and dexamethasone, and then differentiate towards adipocytes after the expression of peroxidase proliferation activated receptor ?(PPAR-?) enhanced. There was significant difference between induction group and control group in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity detection under the induction of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and ?-sodium glycerophosphate(P ＜ 0.01) . Calcium node appeared in yon Kossa staining. Result of osteopontin (OPN) immunocytochemcial staining was positive,and OPN expression was detected by Western blotting after induction.CONCLUSION: MSCs with multi-lineage potential can be obtained from rat adipose tissue, and differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts after inductions. Therefore, adipose MSCs can possibly be served as one of optimal seed cells for bone tissue engineering.

Objective Inquire into the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)pathogenic factor and Antigangliosides antibody(Anti-GS-Ab)in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods It was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to the levels of serum Anti-gangliosides(Anti-GS)in 2 DM and DPN as well as healthy.Results The positive rate of Anti-GS-IgM,IgG in DPN group were 46.7% and 20.0%.repectivily it was obviously higher than normal group and 2 DM group.Conclusion The relationship between the DPN and Anti-GS-Ab is a close.It show that Anti-GS-Ab play an important role in DPN pathological process.

Objective:To investigate the expression of AEG-1 gene in NSCLC and its clinical significance. Methods:Selected our hospital cardiothoracic surgical resection of 83 cases of postoperative cancer tissues of NSCLC patients and 20 paracancer to study, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression level of AEG-1 protein in two groups,the clinical and pathological of AEG-1 protein in patients with NSCLC was analyzed. Results:NSCLC tissues AEG-1 protein expression 46 cases ( 55. 42%) was sig-nificantly higher than 2 cases ( 10. 00%) of paracancer ( P<0. 05 ) . The high expression of AEG-1 protein in NSCLC tissue was significantly correlated with T stage,N stage and distant metastasis (P<0. 05),the relationship of AEG-1 between the age,sex,and dif-ferentiation degree of the patients was not significant ( P>0. 05 ) . AEG-1 high expression of NSCLC in patients with a median survival time of 15. 0 months was significantly lower than that of 19. 0 months (log-rankχ2=4. 119 P<0. 05,) in patients with low expression of AEG-1. Conclusion:AEG-1 gene expression has been up-regulated in NSCLC tissue,which was related to the clinical stage and distant metastasis of the patients.