OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe on growth of the transplanted tumor and expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tissue of the gastric carcinoma of nude mice, and to explore the mechanism of Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe in restraining the multiplication of the stomach cancer. METHODS: MKN-45 gastric carcinoma model in nude mice was established. Forty-five nude mice were randomly divided into control group, Xiaotan Sanjie group and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group. Drugs were given on the next day of inoculation. Mice in the control group were given normal saline, and mice in the Xiaotan Sanjie group were given Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU was administered in the 5-FU group. The expressions of PCNA and EGFR were examined by using streptavidin peroxidase (SP) conjugate technique, and the tumor weight and pathological characteristics were also observed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe significantly restrained the growth of the transplanted tumor, and reduced the expressions of PCNA and EGFR in tissue of the gastric carcinoma of nude mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Xiaotan Sanjie Recipe can disturb the synthesis of DNA and reduce the proliferous activity of cancer cells by decreasing the expressions of PCNA and EGFR.

Objective To observe the effects of health promotion on tumor recurrence,quality of life and self feeling evaluation of patients with superficial bladder carcinoma.Methods 104 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma treated in our hospital from March 2002 to March 2005 were divided to two groups randomly.The patients in one group were treated by bladder irrigation with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG)simply,and those in the other group were treated by bladder irrigation and health promotion.Tumor recurrence,quality of life and self feeling evaluation between the two groups were compared.Results All patients were foUowed up for 7.3-36.0 months(mean 28.5 months).17 patients(15/51)in the simple BCG irrigation group had tumor recurrence in 0-12 months(2 patients),13-24 months(6)and 25- 36months(9)respectively.The recurrence rate in the first year was 3.9%.in the second year 11.8% and in the third year 17.6%.Eleven(11/53)patients had in the BCG irrigation and health promotion group.in 0-12 months(2),13-24 months(7),and 25-36 months(2)respectively.The recurrence rate in the first year was 3.8%.in the second year 13.2%.and in the third year 3.8%.There were no significant differences in the recurrence rates of the first and second year between the two groups(P>0.05).but there was significant difieFence in the recurrence rate of the third year between the two group(Y2=5.29,P< 0.05).There were no significant difierences in self feeling SCL-90 evaluation and quality evaluation of life after the first discharging between the two groups(P>0.05).After 3-year follow up,the life quality of the patients in the BCG irrigation and health promotion group was improved obviously compared with the simple BCG group(X2=6.47,P<0.05),and the bad negative emotion was diminished obviously compared with the simple BCG group(P<0.05).Conclusion Health promotion after operation on the patients with superficial bladder carcinoma can decrease the long-term tumor recurrence rate obviously,and improve the quality of life and self feeling significantly.

Pyroptosis is a new way of programmed cell death,a number of researches have found that it is associated with a variety of diseases.Inflammasome and caspase protein family play key roles in regulating pyroptosis.Intracellular pattern recognition receptor oligomers under external stimulus,then assemble with apop-totic speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain and caspase precursor into inflammatory com-plex body,thus activation of caspase can induce pyroptosis.While as the upstream regulation mechanism of pyroptosis,inflammasome might be double edged swordfor tumor growth.On the one hand,inflammasome can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing pyroptosis;on the other hand,the cumulative effect of the inflammsome can also form a suitable microenvironment for tumor cells and promote tumor growth.

Objective To investigate the value of the combined detection of serum human epididymal secretory protein 4(HE4) and carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125) in diagnosing ovarian and uterine tumor .Methods Serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were detected in 112 cases of ovarian cancer ,92 cases of uterine cancer ,145 cases of ovarian benign diseases ,138 cases of uterine adeno-myoma and 56 cases of healthy controls by ELISA and electrochemiluminescence(ECL) immunoassay respectively .Results Serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were (246 .80 ± 52 .81)pmol/L and (439 .20 ± 305 .80)U/L in the ovarian malignant tumor group , (196 .50 ± 38 .15)pmol/L and (463 .80 ± 127 .60) U/mL in the uterine malignant tumor group and (19 .76 ± 16 .45)pmol/L and (15 .67 ± 11 .19)U/mL in the control group ,the differences had statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Serum levels of HE4 and CA125 before operation and in postoperative 2 weeks in the ovarian cancer group and the uterine cancer group had statistical difference (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combination detection of serum HE4 and CA125 can improve the accuracy and sensitivity in the diag-nosis of pelvic tumors .

Objective To observe the changes of pulmonary oxidative stress after cigarette smoking exposure,its re-lationship with inflammatory cytokines,and the effects of smoking cessation. Methods Fifty male BALB / c mice were randomly divided into the smoke exposure group,smoke cessation group,and the controls. Mice in smoke cessation group were exposed to cigarette smoking for 16 weeks. On 4,8,and 12 week after smoking cessation mice were executed and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung tissue were collected. The morphologi-cal alternations of lung tissue were observed. Mean length of interval and mean alveolar number were measured. Total cell numbers in BALF were counted. Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was measured with hydroxylamine method,malondialdehyde(MDA)level was measured with TBA method. The levels of pulmonary interleukin-8 (IL-8)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in BALF and lung tissue homogenate were measured with ELISA. Re-sults Compared with the mice in the controls,emphysematous changes were remarkable in the lung of cigarette ex-posed mice,the total cell numbers in BALF were increased significantly(P < 0. 05)and reduced gradually after smoking cessation(P < 0. 05). SOD and MDA levels increased remarkably in the cigarette exposure group(P <0. 05),and declined gradually after smoking cessation. The levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in BALF and lung tissue ho-mogenate in the smoke exposure group increased significantly( P < 0. 05),and lowered time-dependently after smoking cessation,but not reached to normal level even 12 weeks after smoking cessation. SOD and MDA levels were positively correlated with the cytokine changes. Conclusion Abnormal oxidative stress in the airways caused by cigarette smoking exposure was merely partially reversed after smoking cessation. And the inflammation remains persistent concomitantly.

Objective To explore expression of Beclin1, autophagy-related protein 1 (Atg1), mammalian target of ra-pamycin (mTOR) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of lung and to analyse relationship among these three factors. Methods Immunohistochemical stainning was applied to detect expression of Beclin1, Atg1 and mTOR in 82 samples of SCC and adenocarcinoma of lung (lung cancer group) and 17 samples of paraneoplastic normal lung tissues (con-trol group). Correlations of expression of Beclin1, Atg1 and mTOR were analyzed in SCC and adenocarcinoma of lung. Re-sults The expression of Beclin1 was significantly lower in lung cancer group than that in control group(52.44%vs 94.12%, P＜0.01). There were significant differences of the differentiation, TNM stages and lymph node metastasis in lung cancer group compared with those in control group. And Beclin1 expression showed a decreasing trend with malignant and invasive of tumors. mTOR expression in lung cancer tissue with lymph nod metastasis is higher than that in the tissue without lymph node metastasis(P＜0.01). Atg1 expression in lung cancer tissue with larger mass is less than that in lung cancer tissue with small lumps(P＜0.01). Beclin1 Expression was positively correlated with the Atg1 expression in SCC(r=0.609,P＜0.01). Beclin1 and Atg1 expressions were both negatively correlated with mTOR expression in SCC(r=-0.617,-0.444,P＜0.01). Beclin1 expression was positively correlated with Atg1 expression in adenocarcinoma(r=0.458,P＜0.01). Beclin1 and Atg1 expression were both negatively correlated with mTOR expression in adenocarcinoma(r=-0.497,-0.541,P＜0.01). Conclu-sion Beclin1, Atg1 and mTOR expression showed a strong correlation in lung cancer, and clinicopathological change of lung SCC and adenocarcinoma may be related to autophagy.

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma(DDCS)comprises approximately 10%of all chondrosarcomas and has the worst outcome with a 5-year survival of 10%.The preferred localizations are the femur,humerus and pelvis.DDCS represents a special form of chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of well-differentiated cartilaginous component in juxtaposition with malignant mesenchymal tumor of high-malignancy grade.The diagnosis of DDCS is highly complicated,requiring detailed radiological and histopathological evaluation as well as precise bioptic technique.The dedifferentiated component is typically a high-grade sarcoma(usually grade 3 or 4),which can be either an osteosarcoma,a malignant fibrous histiocytoma or an anaplastic spindle cell sarcoma.In approximately one-third of the radiographs,one-third of the MR images,and one-half of the CT scans, the tumors demonskates bimorphic features.Recently,array-based comparative genomic hybridization(array-CGH)studies have been performed on frozen chondrosarcoma(including DDCS)specimens.There is a statistically significant association between high-grade tumor(grade Ⅲ and dedifferent ated)and the recurrent genetic deletions at 5q14.2～q21.3,6q16～q25.3,9p24.2～q12,and 9p21.3.One of the most commonly deleted regions of DDCS involved chromosome 9.Earlier investigations of DDCS showed p53 mutation and p53-LOH in the anaplastic component.It is also accompanied by Rt-LOH.P161NK4 and E-cadherin promotor methylation were observed in the low grade chondroid compartment of DDCS.While p161NK4,FHIT,and E-cadherin were methylated in highly malignant osteosarcomatous compartment of the tumor.Surgical resection of the tumor within wide or radical margins is the most important treatment.The value of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy remain uncertain.Several new drug targets have been identified and phase Ⅱ studies are currently ongoing.Current phase Ⅱ trials open for DDCS patients used the following medicine:apomab(proapoptotic selective agonist of Ap02L/TRAIL death receptor),perifosine(serine/threonine kinase Akt inhibitor),dasatinib(multitargeted small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor),and the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel.More recently,several phase Ⅰ studies have reported incidental responses of DDCS to newer targeted agents,such as histone deacetylase and vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide.The prognosis for patients with DDCS remains poor. The poor prognosis of the DDCS is determined by nonchondroid high grade component caused by invasive growth and formation of metastases.Therefore,early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment may improve the outcome.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical pharmacodynamics between fast-disintegrating oral nitroglycerin tablets and commercial tablets.METHODS:Fast-disintegrating oral nitroglycerin tablets with the same content as commercial tablets were prepared,the effects of two kinds of tablets on diastolic blood pressure,heart rate of the healthy volunteers were observed and compared.RESULTS:Fast-disintegrating oral nitroglycerin tablets showed more rapid drug absorption than the commercial tablets3minutes after administration,there was remarkable difference between them(P

[Objective] A retrospective study of patients with osteosarcoma in the proximal humerus was carried out to evaluate the effect of limb salvage surgery.[Methods]Thirty-eight patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and limb salvage were included in the study.Extraarticular or intraarticular resections of the proximal humerus were performed in 5 patients and 33 patients,respectively.The reconstructions included 31 custom-made prosthetic replacements,4 allograft prosthetic composites,1 bone cement spacer,and 2 autografts.The image files of patients receiving intraarticular resection were studied to identify tumor invasion of glenoid and deltoid muscule.[Results]Local recurrence encountered in 5 patients(13.2%)including 1 with extraarticular resection and 4 with intraarticular resection.In patients with intraarticular resection,image study revealed gleoid and deltoid muscule invasion occurred in 7 patients,of whom only 4 had local recurrence.The overall 5-year survival rate was 56.4%,and the disease-free survival rate was 40.5%.Complication rate of limb salvage surgery was 18.4%,which included two autograft bone fractures,one embolism of upper limb artery combined with radial nerve injury,and 4 shoulder joint instabilities.The functional outcomes of mean MSTS 93 score was 22.7 points(75.6%).The active external extension of shoulder joint was restricted in patients with extraarticular resection of no more than 30 degrees,and in patients with intraarticular resection of mean 45 degrees.[Conclusion]Acceptable oncological result and better function could be obtained after intraarticular resection of osteosarcoma in proximal humerus if glenoid or deltoid muscle invasion was not found on image study.Prosthetic replacement in these patients had lower complication rate,and better upper limb or hand function.

[Objective]To investigate the capability of synthesis BMP-2-derived peptide on osteogenic induction in bone marrow stem cells(BMSEs),and to evaluate the osteoinductivity of BMP-2-derived peptide in vitro.[Method]After segregating and cultivating four weeks Wistar rats marrow stromal cells in induction group were induced by osteogenasis medium containing 200 gg/ml BMP-2-derived peptide,and in non-inductional group BMSCs were still culture with DMEM medium.Following continue culture for 2~4 weeks,cells film preparation,alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition were measured.Type I collagen(CoM)and osteopontin(OPN)mRNA expression were measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)technique.The capability of synthesis BMP-2-derived peptide on osteogenic induction of BMSCs was investigated.[Result]After inductived with BMP-2-derived peptide.BMSCs cultured survived well greatly changed in cell morphology,and showed a biological and morphologie characteristics similar to those of osteoblasts.The lever of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition increased.Col-Ⅰand OPN mRNA were expressed at higher level.In non-inductional group no conspicuous osteogenic induction was shown.[Conclusion]BMP-2-derived peptide can induce BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.It has the similar capacity of osteogenic induction as nature BMP-2,so BMP-2-derived peptide is an ideal cell agent for bone tissue engineering,and can be available widely.