SARS, as a first unknown infectious disease in the 21st ceutury,is becoming a calamity to human health at present.Because SARS suddenly accured and strongly infected,many of us felt panic and scared.That is,the individual is in a crisis circumstance.It needs psychology and social workers utilize intervention and countermeasure to help persons adapt and tide over the crisis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and epidemiological history of an imported case of tsutsugamushi disease, and to identify the diagnosis and key points of prevention and control. MethodsThe clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment process, and epidemiological data were retrospectively analyzed for a case of tsutsugamushi disease in Changning District. A risk assessment was conducted concurrently. ResultsThe patient had a history of traveling to or living in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, and presented with symptoms such as recurrent high fever, scabbing and peanut-sized lymph node swelling behind the ear, and red rashes on the face and trunk. The patient tested positive for nucleic acid from Orientia tsutsugamushi and was cured after receiving comprehensive treatment. The patient resides in Shanghai, where the likelihood of hosts and vectors being present in winter is low, hence the risk of epidemic transmission was deemed low. ConclusionThe clinical manifestations of tsutsugamushi disease are not typical in the early stages of the disease. Attention should be paid to epidemiological history and specific symptoms of tsutsugamushi disease, and to strengthen health education and promotion efforts for key populations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological feature of Mpox infection and genetic characteristics of Mpox viruses (MPXVs), so as to understand the etiological evolution of the pathogen. MethodsThe cases infected with MPXVs were originated from Changning District, Shanghai from July 20 to August 24 in 2023. Epidemiological investigations were conducted, and throat swabs, anal swabs, or vesicle fluid were collected for MPXVs nucleic acid testing. High-throughput sequencing was performed using Miniseq of the Illumina sequencing platform, and thereafter the sequences were concatenated and analyzed using the online analysis tool Nextclade. An evolutionary tree was constructed using the MEGA 11 software. ResultsAll 8 cases were male, with an average age of (35.76±7.00) years. Among them, 6 cases were identified through active hospital visits, and 2 cases were discovered during contact tracing for Mpox cases. Within the 21 days preceding the disease onset, all cases had male-male sexual behaviors, and the incubation period ranged from 6 to 10 days. 3 cases had a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). MPXVs nucleic acid testing indicated that the detection rate of MPXVs was found to be 25.00% for throat swabs, 87.50% for anal swabs, and 100.00% for vesicle fluid, with statistically significant differences (χ²=11.052, P=0.004). Sequencing analyses using the online tool Nextclade indicated that all 8 MPXVs belonged to the West African clade Ⅱb, 4 MPXVs were classified as C.1 sub-lineages, and 4 MPXVs were identified as C.1.1 sub-lineages. Phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11 indicated that 5 MPXVs were classified as Lineage C.1.1, closely related to the prevalent strains in Portugal and other European regions. ConclusionThe MPXVs sequences from Changning District are clssified into clade Ⅱb, lineage C.1.1. The detection rates of vesicle fluid and anal swabs for MPXVs are significantly higher than that of throat swabs.

ObjectiveTo assess the coverage and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly. MethodsThis study was conducted in Changning District of Shanghai， targeting people aged 60 years and above. Vaccination data between 21 December 2020 and 28 February 2022 was retrieved from the Shanghai Collective Immunization System. Information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 2022 through May 2022 was collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the screening method. ResultsAs of 28 February 2022， 69.89% of people aged ≥60 years had received ≥1-dose vaccine， 63.80% had received full primary vaccination and 31.91% had received a booster dose. Vaccination coverage declined over age， with the lowest coverage in the elderly aged ≥80 years. Moreover， COVID-19 vaccination provided the highest protection against severe/critical illness and death due to the Omicron variants in the elderly aged ≥60 years. Full primary vaccination showed 96.15%（95%CI：84.15‒99.06）of vaccine effectiveness and booster vaccination showed 100% of the effectiveness against severe/critical COVID-19 and death. ConclusionsFull primary and booster vaccination coverage in the elderly is low， especially in those aged 80 and above. Our study finds high protection against COVID-19 associated severe/critical illness and death from both full primary and booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly aged ≥60 years.