Objective:To obtain optimum template for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). Methods:Four different methods(rod winding, precipitation, boiling and lysis)for extraction of template DNA were used.The length and purity of template DNA and its RAPD profile were observed separately by agarose gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometric scan assays and RAPD reaction.Results:The template DNA (>23 kb) with high purity and the same RAPD profile with 2-4 kb DNA fragments were obtained by both rod winding and precipitation method. However,the template DNA (4 kb and 2 kb,respectively) with break and dispersion and low purity was extracted by method of boiling and lysis, and 600-2 000 bp DNA fragments were seen in the similar RAPD profile.Conclusions: Template DNA extracted by rod winding or precipitation method was optimized for RAPD.

Burnout, Professional ; psychology ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Midwifery ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Social Identification

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology, which can simulate human vision, touch, hearing and other sensory functions, and it synthesizes a computer-generated 3D world to provide immersive experiences.VR technology has the characteristics of interactivity, immersion and imagination, and its application in medical education and simulation training improves the quality and efficiency of learning.At the same time, VR technology also plays a certain role in clinical treatment such as surgery, rehabilitation, psychology, sedation and analgesia.With the development of VR technology, its application in pediatric medicine field is expected to solve some difficulties of pediatric practitioners.For example, the application of virtual standard patient in pediatric training, and VR technology relieving pain and anxiety.

Simulation-based medical education（SBME）is an important model in international medical education.With the development of SBME domestically,various forms such as in-situ simulation,team simulation,interdisciplinary simulation,and hybrid simulation are gradually emerging.While post-graduate education and competency receive more attention,SBME has shown its value in areas including education and training,clinical thinking,assessment,and evaluation,as well as improving medical quality and patients safety,especially in the management of emergency and critical care crisis resources.However,the progress of pediatric SBME has been slow despite attracting significant attention within the field of pediatric critical care.The establishment of pediatric critical care skills simulation,scenario simulation,in-situ simulation and other training methods can not only enable clinicians to achieve“standardized operation” and “team collaboration”,but also promote“system transformation”,greatly improving the medical quality of pediatric critical care while ensuring patients safety.

Objective:To explore the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and influencing factors in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with long-term combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART).Methods:The baseline data from the multi-center prospective cohort of HIV/AIDS patients who received long-term cART from 2018 to 2020 were collected. cART-naive HIV/AIDS patients were matched by age and gender using the propensity score matching (PSM) as controls. Data collection adverse events of anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs reduced model (D: A: D[R]) score, Framingham risk score (FRS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score were used to assess the 10-year CVD risk in patients with long-term cART treatment and in cART-naive patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors related to high 10-year CVD risk.Results:A total of 301 HIV/AIDS patients received long-term cART and 300 cART-naive HIV/AIDS patients were included, with an average age of 39.8 years old. There were 490 male accounting for 81.5%. Based on the D: A: D [R] score, 4.3%(13/301) of patients in the long-term cART group had a 10-year CVD risk assessment of ≥10%, and 6.3%(19/300) of patients in the cART-naive group. Based on the FRS, 13.4%(36/269) of patients in the long-term cART group had a 10-year CVD risk assessment of ≥10%, and 10.6%(28/264) in the cART-naive group. Based on the ASCVD risk score, 10.4%(14/135) of patients in the long-term cART group had a 10-year CVD risk assessment of ≥7.5%, and 13.8%(17/123) in the cART-naive group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of high 10-years CVD risk between the long-term cART group and the cART-naive group assessed by any of risk equations (all P>0.050). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors associated with 10-year CVD risk ≥10% assessed by D: A: D[R] model were age≥50 years, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and CD4 + T lymphocyte count <200×10 6 cells/L (adjusted odds ratio ( AOR)=697.48, 4 622.28, 23.11, 25.95, 27.72 and 18.25, respectively, all P<0.010). The risk factors associated with 10-year CVD risk ≥10% assessed by FRS were age≥50 years, male, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia ( AOR=53.51, 4.52, 36.93, 36.77, 6.15 and 3.84, respectively, all P<0.050). The risk factors associated with 10-year CVD risk ≥7.5% assessed by ASCVD risk score were age≥50 years, male, smoking, hypertension, diabetes ( AOR=18.48, 14.11, 14.81, 13.42 and 12.41, respectively, all P<0.050). Conclusions:Long-term cART has no significant effect on the 10-year CVD risk in HIV/AIDS patients. Higher CVD risk in HIV/AIDS patients are mainly associated with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts<200×10 6 cells/L and traditional CVD risk factors, including age≥50 years old, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.

AIM: To optimize an orthopedic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) model in nude mouse by comparing four different ways of cellular transplantation, and to evaluate the efficacy of drug by bladder instillation, so as to provide a stable and efficient animal model for the treatment of bladder cancer. METHODS: After disruption of bladder mucosa by dilute acid-alkali or silver nitrate, T24 cells were instilled into the nude mouse bladder. T24 cells were injected directly into the bladder with mechanical injury of bladder mucosa. T24 cells were injected into the bladder wall. On the 14th day after making models, the nude mice were sacrificed. And the bladder mass and histopathological changes of tumor (including bladder) was observe to confirm the formation of orthopedic bladder cancer. The dynamic changes of orthopedic bladder cancer were observed after injecting T24 cells into the bladder wall. Gemcitabine was used to verify the applicability of the model of injecting T24 cells into the bladder wall in vivo. RESULTS: No tumor was found in the bladder after intravesical instillation of T24 cells with dilute acid-alkali or silver nitrate treatment. With mechanical injury of bladder mucosa, all nude mice had tumors after injection T24 cells. But the number of tumors varied and often occurred at multiple sites. The tumor was found in the bladder of all nude mice by injecting T24 cells into bladder wall, and there was only one tumor. The tumor showed slow linear growth within 15 days and rapid linear growth from day 18 to 31. In vivo efficacy evaluation, gemcitabine 150 mg/kg intravesical perfusion could significantly inhibit the growth of NMIBC in nude mice replicated by direct injection of T24 cells into the bladder wall, and the tumor inhibition rate was 97.1%. CONCLUSION: The orthotopic NMIBC model can not be established with the bladder mucosa injuried by dilute acid-alkali or silver nitrate treatment. The number and size of orthotopic bladder cancer are different by mechanical injury of bladder mucosa. Injection of T24 cells into the bladder wall of nude mouse can successfully establish the orthotopic NMIBC model, which can be used for the evaluation of NMIBC therapeutic drugs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the awareness of occupational low back pain and knowledge of related prevention and healthcare measures among midwives, and to determine the incidence of low back pain among them.

METHODSA questionnaire survey was carried out with the use of Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (Chinese version) (CRMDQ) among 244 midwives from second- and third-class hospitals in Tianjin, China. Related indices were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 244 midwives who participated in the survey, only 18.4% knew the definition of occupational low back pain, 28.3% knew the pathogenic mechanism, and 54.1% knew its harm. About 9.4%∼85.2% of midwives mastered at least one method for prevention and health care against occupational low back pain. Proper or improper use of human body mechanics was closely related to the development of occupational low back pain (P < 0.01). There was a high proportion of midwives with a demand for application of human body mechanics principle in operation, and the proportion was as high as 99.2%. All the 24 items in CRMDQ were scored, with the lowest score of 1, the highest score of 24, and an average score of 8.5 ± 7.2.

CONCLUSIONThe awareness rate of occupational low back pain was low among the 244 midwives in this study. The incidence of low back pain, which had influenced the health status and occupational practice, was high among them.

Adult ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Midwifery ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

T cell infiltration and proliferation in tumor tissues are the main factors that significantly affect the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. Emerging evidence has shown that interferon-gamma (IFNγ) could enhance CXCL9 secretion from macrophages to recruit T cells, but Siglec15 expressed on TAMs can attenuate T cell proliferation. Therefore, targeted regulation of macrophage function could be a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy via concurrently promoting the infiltration and proliferation of T cells in tumor tissues. We herein developed reduction-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) made with poly (disulfide amide) (PDSA) and lipid-poly (ethylene glycol) (lipid-PEG) for systemic delivery of Siglec15 siRNA (siSiglec15) and IFNγ for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. After intravenous administration, these cargo-loaded could highly accumulate in the tumor tissues and be efficiently internalized by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). With the highly concentrated glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to destroy the nanostructure, the loaded IFNγ and siSiglec15 could be rapidly released, which could respectively repolarize macrophage phenotype to enhance CXCL9 secretion for T cell infiltration and silence Siglec15 expression to promote T cell proliferation, leading to significant inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth when combining with the immune checkpoint inhibitor. The strategy developed herein could be used as an effective tool to enhance cancer immunotherapy.