Objective To investigate the effect of autophagy in radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells.Methods The expression of ATG5 in CNE-2 cells was inhibited by lentiviral mediated RNA interference.The cells were divided into three groups:control group,NC group and ATG5 group.Cell proliferation,apoptosis and radiosensitivity were detected by CCK-8 method,flow cytometry and colony-forming assay,respectively.Results Compared with the NC group and control group,the survival of ATG5-interfected cells was reduced (F =3.755,46.086,8.609,44.160,P ＜ 0.05).After 6 Gy X-ray irradiation,the apoptosis index of the ATG5 group significantly higher than that of NC group and control group (F =394.876,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the radiosensitivity of ATG5 group was also higher than that of control cells.Conclusions Suppression of autophagy activity enhances the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of Amp activated protein kinase(AMPK)activity in radiosensitivity of human na-sopharyngeal carcinoma cells .Methods Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ,CNE-2 ,were treated with AMPK inhibitor ,Com-pound C(CC) ,for 1 h .Then cells were explored in X-ray .The expression of total AMPK (t-AMPK) ,phosphorylation AMPK (p-AMPK) ,and MAPlLC3 were detected by Western blot .The number of autophagosomes were observed and calculated by transmis-sion electron microscope(TEM) .Cells processed with CC were explored in X-ray .MTT assay was used to detect the difference of two groups in cell proliferation .Cell apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry .Results The expression of p-AMPK in CC group cells were significantly downregulated compared to the negative control group cells (P< 0 .01) ,while no significant change of t-AMPK expression were found(P>0 .05) .The expression of MAPlLC3 and the number of autophagosomes in CC group cells were significantly decreased compared to the control group cells (P<0 .05) .Correspondingly ,the cell proliferation rate in CC group was lower than in control group ,and the percent of apoptosis cells was higher in CC group than in control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Suppression of AM PK activity could inhibited autophagy induced by decreasing the degree of p-AM PK ,then enhanced the effect of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion in CNE-2 cells .The AMPK inhibitor ,CC ,can serve as an effective assistant treatment of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma .

Objective To study the effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)on antioxidant en?zymes activities and lipid peroxidation of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with T. spiralis separated by the digestion method. Forty?two days post?infection,the peripheral blood and hepatic tissue from the in?fected or normal mice were collected. Then 4 groups were set:liver homogenate from infected mice+SNP(Group A),liver ho?mogenate from normal mice+SNP(Group B),peripheral blood from infected mice+SNP(Group C),and peripheral blood from normal mice+SNP(Group D). The final concentrations of SNP in each group were set as 0(blank control),2,5,10μmol/L and 30μmol/L,respectively. After reacting with SNP at 37℃for 30 min,the superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathi?one peroxidase(GSH?Px),catalase(CAT)activities,and malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration were examined and com?pared. Results The levels of SOD,CAT,GSH?Px and MDA concentration in the liver and the blood from the mice infected with T. spiralis were significantly higher than those of the normal ones(all P < 0.05). When reacted with 10 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L SNP,the SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT activities in Group A and B decreased significantly(all P<0.05),while the liver MDA concentration reacted with 2-30μmol/L SNP increased obviously(all P<0.05). As reacted with 30μmol/L SNP,the ac?tivities of blood SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT in Group C and D decreased,while the MDA concentration in blood still increased (all P<0.01). When the SNP concentration was in the range of 2-30μmol/L,there were a negative correlation between the SNP concentrations and SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT activities,as well as a positive correlation with the MDA concentration in the liver and blood from the mice infected with T. spiralis(all P<0.05). Conclusions T. spiralis infection could cause oxidative damage to mice,and increase SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT activities. Nitric oxide released from SNP can decrease antioxidase activ?ities,and inhibit the antioxidant capacity of mice infected with T. spiralis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate HIV infection status and its influence factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sichuan province.

METHODSA face to face investigation and Syphilis and HIV serological detection were conducted among 2 783 MSM who have the insertion of oral or anal sex with men over the past year recruited by snowball sampling and respondent driven sampling methods in nine cities' Gay venues of Sichuan province. χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSA total of 2 783 MSM were surveyed, of which HIV and Syphilis infection rates were 11.1% (147/2 783) , 5.3% (310/2 783) , respectively. The HIV infection rates of <20 year-old age group, 20-29 year-old age group, 30-39 year-old age group, 40-49 year-old age group, ≥ 50 year-old age group were 6.6% (15/227), 9.7% (143/1 471), 11.8% (80/679), 18.0% (53/294), 17.0% (19/112) (χ(2) = 25.91, P < 0.05). The risk of HIV infection in 30-39 year-old age group, 40-50 year-old age group,> 50 years age group were 2.05 (1.14-3.69) times, 3.24 (1.75-6.01) times, 2.60 (1.22-5.52) times respectively of the <20 years age group. The risk of HIV infection in middle school and below one was 16.5% (73/443) , higher than the high school/college education MSM (11.1% (99/891) ) and the college and higher education MSM (9.5% (138/1 446)) (χ(2) = 16.46, P < 0.05). The risk of HIV infection in High school/college education MSM were 0.64 (0.45-0.90) times of the middle school and below. The HIV infection rates of MSM who accepted a HIV test and knew the result within the last year was 8.2% (119/1 446) , lower than the group who did not accepted any HIV test (14.3% (191/1 336) ) (χ(2) = 25.81, P < 0.05). The HIV infection rates of MSM who received intervention services was 10.1% (256/2 539), lower than the group who did not receive any intervention services (22.1% (54/244) ) (χ(2) = 32.65, P < 0.05) . The HIV infection rates of Syphilis-positive MSM was 32.0% (47/147) , higher than the Syphilis-negative one (10.0% (263/2 636) ) (χ(2) = 68.06, P < 0.05). Received intervention services (OR (95%CI) was 0.52 (0.40-0.68) ) and accepted a HIV test and knew the result within the last year (OR (95%CI) was 0.52 (0.36-0.74) ) were the protective factors of HIV infection. At the same time, the syphilis infection (OR (95%CI) was 4.01 (2.73-5.88) ) were risk factors for HIV infection.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence rates of HIV infections were considered to be high among MSM in Sichuan province. The MSM of low-literacy, 30 years or older, not received any intervention services, not received any intervention services.Syphilis-positive have a greater risk of HIV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Data Collection ; Demography ; HIV Infections ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis

Objective To observe the effect of excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms(AES)on cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)?induced sepsis in mice. Methods Forty?eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:a sham operation group(PBS+sham group,Group A),a CLP?induced sepsis group(PBS+CLP group,Group B)and an AES treatment group(AES+ CLP group,Group C). The mice of each group were intraperitoneally injected with 25 μg of AES or PBS only as a control in a total volume of 200μl. Eight mice from each group were selected randomly for survival analy?sis of 96 hours. The other 8 mice in each group were observed for pathological changes in the lung,liver and kidney tissues by HE staining 12 h after CLP,and then determined for the detection of cytokines including TNF?α,IL?1β,IL?6,IL?10 and TGF? βin the sera by ELISA. Results The difference among the survival rates of mice in the 3 groups was statistically significant (χ2=21.16,P<0.05). Compared to Group A(100%),the survival rate of mice in Group B(0)decreased significantly(P<0.05),and also the pathological damage degrees in the lung,liver and kidney tissues of the mice in Group B increased signifi?cantly after CLP. Compared with the mice in group B,the survival rate of those in Group C(70%)increased significantly(P<0.05),and the pathological damage degrees in the lung,liver and kidney tissues of the mice in Group C decreased significantly after the treatment with AES. The differences among the levels of pro?inflammatory cytokines TNF?α(F=27.11,P<0.05),IL?1β(F=18.75,P<0.05)and IL?6(F=100.93,P<0.05)in the sera of the mice in the three groups were statistically signifi?cant. Compared with the mice in Group A,the levels of the 3 cytokines of those in Group B increased significantly(all P <0.05). However,after the treatment with AES,the levels of the pro?inflammatory cytokines of those in Group C decreased signifi?cantly(all P<0.05). The differences among the levels of immunoregulatory cytokines IL?10(F=10.88,P<0.05)and TGF?β(F=11.37,P<0.05)in the sera of the mice in the three groups were also statistically significant. Compared with the mice in Group B,the levels of IL?10 and TGF?β of those in Group C were higher after treatment with AES(both P<0.05). Conclu?sion T. spiralis AES has a therapeutic potential for alleviating sepsis induced by CLP in mice.

Objective To investigate the role of LncRNA ROR in Ad36-induced browning of human adipose-derived stem cells(hADSC). Methods After hADSC was induced by cocktail and Ad36 for 2,4,6,and 8 days,Oil red O staining was performed for observing the adipogenic status. The mRNA expressions of LncRNA ROR, uncoupling protein 1(UCP1),and PRDM16 were detected by real-time PCR and the protein expressions of UCP1 and PRDM16 were detected by Western-blot. After LncRNA ROR was knocked down by siRNA, UCP1 and PRDM16 mRNA and protein expression levels in the process of Ad36-induced adipocyte differentiation were detected by real-time PCR and Western-blot. Results Oil red O staining showed that fat droplets in the cocktail-induced group were larger than those in the Ad36-induced group. Compared with the cocktail group,the mRNA expressions of LncRNA ROR, UCP1 and PRDM16, and the protein expressions of UCP1 and PRDM16 in Ad36 group were significantly increased(P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of UCP1 and PRDM16 in LncRNA ROR knockdown group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion In the process of Ad36-induced hADSC differentiation,the up-regulation of LncRNA ROR may stimulate UCP1 and PRDM16 expression,and thus promote the browning of hADSC.

The quality of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training plays an important role in improving the survival rate of patients with cardiac arrest. Various forms of training have been carried out all over China, which plays a great role in promoting the work of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, there is still a lot of room for improvement in the quality management and effect sustainability of training. This paper reviews the current situation and deficiencies of quality management of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and the role of training quality in enhancing people's self-confidence in learning and rescue, training contents, training methods, quality evaluation indicators, evaluation methods, and quality influencing factors and retraining time requirements, and so on. And it puts forward some practical suggestions on the quality management of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in China. Such as it will more emphasize standardized training, deliberate practice, proficient training, National Training, long-term maintenance of knowledge and skills, and using useful tools to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, etc. In order to improve the training quality management level of the public, so that the trainees can really master cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills, so as to improve the rescue rate and survival rate of patients with cardiac arrest. To promote the sustainable development of people's health.

Objective To investigate HIV infection status and its influence factors in men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in Sichuan province.Methods A face to face investigation and Syphilis and HIV serological detection were conducted among 2 783 MSM who have the insertion of oral or anal sex with men over the past year recruited by snowball sampling and respondent driven sampling methods in nine cities ′Gay venues of Sichuan province.χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 2 783 MSM were surveyed, of which HIV and Syphilis infection rates were 11.1%(147/2 783), 5.3%(310/2 783), respectively.The HIV infection rates of <20 year-old age group, 20-29 year-old age group, 30-39 year-old age group, 40-49 year-old age group,≥50 year-old age group were 6.6%(15/227), 9.7%(143/1 471),11.8% (80/679),18.0% (53/294),17.0% (19/112) (χ2 =25.91,P<0.05). The risk of HIV infection in 30-39 year-old age group,40-50 year-old age group,>50 years age group were 2.05(1.14-3.69)times,3.24(1.75-6.01)times,2.60(1.22-5.52)times respectively of the <20 years age group.The risk of HIV infection in middle school and below one was 16.5%(73/443),higher than the high school/college education MSM(11.1%(99/891)) and the college and higher education MSM (9.5%(138/1 446))(χ2 =16.46,P<0.05).The risk of HIV infection in High school/college education MSM were 0.64 (0.45-0.90)times of the middle school and below.The HIV infection rates of MSM who accepted a HIV test and knew the result within the last year was 8.2%(119/1 446), lower than the group who did not accepted any HIV test(14.3%(191/1 336))(χ2 =25.81,P<0.05).The HIV infection rates of MSM who received intervention services was 10.1%(256/2 539), lower than the group who did not receive any intervention services(22.1%(54/244))(χ2 =32.65,P<0.05).The HIV infection rates of Syphilis-positive MSM was 32.0%(47/147),higher than the Syphilis-negative one(10.0%(263/2 636))(χ2 =68.06,P<0.05). Received intervention services (OR(95%CI)was 0.52(0.40-0.68)) and accepted a HIV test and knew the result within the last year ( OR ( 95%CI ) was 0.52 ( 0.36-0.74 ) ) were the protective factors of HIV infection.At the same time, the syphilis infection(OR(95%CI)was 4.01(2.73-5.88))were risk factors for HIV infection.Conclusion The prevalence rates of HIV infections were considered to be high among MSM in Sichuan province.The MSM of low-literacy,30 years or older, not received any intervention services , not received any intervention services.Syphilis-positive have a greater risk of HIV infection.

Objective To investigate HIV infection status and its influence factors in men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in Sichuan province.Methods A face to face investigation and Syphilis and HIV serological detection were conducted among 2 783 MSM who have the insertion of oral or anal sex with men over the past year recruited by snowball sampling and respondent driven sampling methods in nine cities ′Gay venues of Sichuan province.χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 2 783 MSM were surveyed, of which HIV and Syphilis infection rates were 11.1%(147/2 783), 5.3%(310/2 783), respectively.The HIV infection rates of <20 year-old age group, 20-29 year-old age group, 30-39 year-old age group, 40-49 year-old age group,≥50 year-old age group were 6.6%(15/227), 9.7%(143/1 471),11.8% (80/679),18.0% (53/294),17.0% (19/112) (χ2 =25.91,P<0.05). The risk of HIV infection in 30-39 year-old age group,40-50 year-old age group,>50 years age group were 2.05(1.14-3.69)times,3.24(1.75-6.01)times,2.60(1.22-5.52)times respectively of the <20 years age group.The risk of HIV infection in middle school and below one was 16.5%(73/443),higher than the high school/college education MSM(11.1%(99/891)) and the college and higher education MSM (9.5%(138/1 446))(χ2 =16.46,P<0.05).The risk of HIV infection in High school/college education MSM were 0.64 (0.45-0.90)times of the middle school and below.The HIV infection rates of MSM who accepted a HIV test and knew the result within the last year was 8.2%(119/1 446), lower than the group who did not accepted any HIV test(14.3%(191/1 336))(χ2 =25.81,P<0.05).The HIV infection rates of MSM who received intervention services was 10.1%(256/2 539), lower than the group who did not receive any intervention services(22.1%(54/244))(χ2 =32.65,P<0.05).The HIV infection rates of Syphilis-positive MSM was 32.0%(47/147),higher than the Syphilis-negative one(10.0%(263/2 636))(χ2 =68.06,P<0.05). Received intervention services (OR(95%CI)was 0.52(0.40-0.68)) and accepted a HIV test and knew the result within the last year ( OR ( 95%CI ) was 0.52 ( 0.36-0.74 ) ) were the protective factors of HIV infection.At the same time, the syphilis infection(OR(95%CI)was 4.01(2.73-5.88))were risk factors for HIV infection.Conclusion The prevalence rates of HIV infections were considered to be high among MSM in Sichuan province.The MSM of low-literacy,30 years or older, not received any intervention services , not received any intervention services.Syphilis-positive have a greater risk of HIV infection.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin(rSj-Cys)against acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-GalN in mice.Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice with or without LPS/D-GaIN-induced acute liver injury were given intraperitoneal injections of rSj-Cys or PBS 30 min after modeling(n=18),and serum and liver tissues samples were collected from 8 mice in each group 6 h after modeling.The survival of the remaining 10 mice in each group within 24 h was observed.Serum levels of ALT,AST,TNF-α and IL-6 of the mice were measured,and liver pathologies was observed with HE staining.The hepatic expressions of macrophage marker CD68,Bax,Bcl-2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting,and TUNEL staining was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis.Results The survival rates of PBS-and rSj-Cys-treated mouse models of acute liver injury were 30%and 80%at 12 h and were 10%and 60%at 24 h after modeling,respectively;no death occurred in the two control groups within 24 h.The mouse models showed significantly increased serum levels of AST,ALT,IL-6 and TNF-α and serious liver pathologies with increased hepatic expressions of CD68 and Bax,lowered expression of Bcl-2,increased hepatocyte apoptosis,and up-regulated expressions of ERS-related signaling pathway proteins GRP78,CHOP and NF-κB p-p65.Treatment of the mouse models significantly lowered the levels of AST,ALT,IL-6 and TNF-α,alleviated liver pathologies,reduced hepatic expressions of CD68,Bax,GRP78,CHOP and NF-κB p-p65,and enhanced the expression of Bcl-2.In the normal control mice,rSj-Cys injection did not produce any significant changes in these parameters compared with PBS.Conclusion rSj-Cys alleviates LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice by suppressing ERS,attenuating inflammation and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.