Objective To investigate the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of syphilis epidemic in Main-land China in 2005-2011.Methods Geographic information system was established based on the data of syphilis epidemic and demographic information from online reporting system of 3 1 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of Mainland China from 2005 to 2011,global indication of spatial autocorrelation(GISA),local indication of spatial autocorrelation (LISA),and spatial-temporal cluster analysis were conducted by GeoDa 0.95i and SaTScan 9.1 .1 software,high risk areas of spatial-temporal distribution of syphilis were determined.Results The number of syphilis in Mainland China in 2005-2011 were 1 841 217 cases,annual incidence was 20.07/100 000,suggesting a sign of obvious cluster distribution.Except 2011,GISA coefficient Moran’s I were statistically different.Accord-ing to LISA analysis,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Fujian lay in high-high region in 2005-2009,Chongqing lay in high-low region in 2006-2008,and in 2011,no area was found in high-high region.Spatio-temporal cluster anal-ysis showed that the most likely cluster was in Shanghai and Zhejiang (2009-2011);the secondary cluster distribu-ted in five areas,including Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan (2009-2011),Xinjiang (2009-2011),Liaoning and Jilin (2010-2011),Gansu,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Sichuan,Chongqing,Shanxi and Inner Mongolia (2011),Beijing and Tianjin (2008-2010).Conclusion Significant spatio-temporal cluster pattern is found for the distribution of syphilis in mainland China,which can be meaningful for pertinent control.

Objective To evaluate the relationships between serotypes of U.urealyticum intrauterine infection with outcome pregnancy and placental villus ultrastructural transform.Methods The placental tissues from 45 cases with spontaneous abortion,34 cases of high-risk pregnancy,including 6 premature delivery and 28 PROM patients(study group)and 51 normal pregnant patients(control group)were isolated,cnltured and performed.Serotypes of U.urealyticum were identified by a metabolic inhibition test.The positive cases placental tissue of U.urealyticum were preformed ultrastructural observation by electron microscope.Results Total positive rate 63.3%(50/79)in the study group,showing significant difference from that of control group(47.1%,24/51,P

Cell aging,the fundamental unit of biological decay,is responsible for senile disease. With the development of research,the mechanism of cell aging has been investigated in molecular level. Two hypotheses have emerged to explain the reason that lamins contribute to cell aging,one is the mechanical stress hypothesis,the other is the gene expression hypothesis. The latter proposes that mutations in A-type lamins lead to abnormal tissue-specific gene regulation. In recent years,the molecular mechanisms of lamins causing cell aging primarily include gene mutation,Zmpste24 mutation,CAAX mutation and other mutations. These mutations in the gene that encode nuclear lamins cause nuclear lamina damage directly and result in cell aging,which have been associated with several degenerative disorders.

Objective: To investigate the optimal gene transfer protocols of hematopoietic cells mediated by retrovirus. Methods: Murine bone marrow cells were infected by co-culture with murine bone marrow stromal cell line TC-1 or retro-virus packaging cells or retrovirus supernatant. Human mdr-1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were used as report genes. Results: Stromal cells could greatly increase the gene transfer efficiency when compared with that of supernatant transfection. Transduction efficiency was highest when infected BM cells were co-cultured with virus producer cells. Conculsion: It may be clinically feasible in gene therapy to perform retroviral transduction by co-culture of target cells with stromal cells or cell lines.

Objective To approach the feasibility of transfecting the DNA plasmid of encoding red fluorescent protein directly into the nucleus of rabbit primary bone marrow stromal cell with recently developed nucleofection technique. Methods Rabbit primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were harvested by means of density gradient centrifugation following a thighbone puncture. The primary BMSCs were cultured and either transfected to pDsRed1-N1 by nucleofectorTM technique (as DsRed group) or left uninfected(as control group) in vitro. The cellular viability, adhesive rate, the growth curves and the efficiency of transfection of both DsRed and control groups were analyzed. Result DsRed were successfully expressed at 48h after nucleofection. Similar morphology evolvement, adhesive rates and growth curves were obtained from the two groups. The positive DsRed expression enhanced gradually alone with a prolonged culturing time, and reached its peak value at the 10th day after marked, with about 54.2% of DsRed-positive cells in the total BMSCs. The DsRed did not attenuate even until 1 month following the mark. Conclusion Neuclofection of pDsRed1-N1 showed no significant effect on the proliferation of rabbit BMSCs. DsRed worked efficiently for the purpose of stable gene marking of rabbit BMSCs, and nucleofection is an efficient method for transferring genes into primary rabbit BMSCs.

Objective To evaluate the radiosensitization and mechanism of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit inhibitor NU7026 on HCT116 colorectal cancer stem cells.Methods The flow cytometry was used to determine the sub-population of cancer stem cells with the markers CD133/ CD44.The cells were divided into four groups:control group,20 μmol/L NU7926 group,2 Gy irradiation group,and 20 μmol/L NU7026 combined with 2 Gy irradiation group.Cell proliferation and survival were evaluated by colony-formation experiment.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction.γ-H2AX foci were detected with immune-fluorescence staining analysis by a laser confocal microscopy for investiating the DNA double-strand break repair.Results The flow cytometric data of CD133 +/CD44 + positive cells indicated that the sub-population of cancer stem cell (CSC) took the ratio of (88.14 ± 0.47)％ of the cultured HCT116 cells.The colony-formation efficiency of HCT116 cells was (84.75 ± 1.35) ％ in serum-free mediums in vitro culture.Compared to 2 Gy irradiation alone group,the NU7026 combined with 2 Gy irradiation group had a lower cell colony-forming ratio (t =7.21,P ＜0.01) and a lower survival ratio (t =7.22,P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of CSCs sub-population increased at 48 h post-2 Gy irradiation,suggesting that HCT116 CSCs was more resistant to ionizing radiation.Importantly,NU7026 largely decreased the proportion of CSCs sub-population in 2 Gy-irradiated cells.The difference of CSC proportion between 2 Gy irradiation alone group and 2 Gy combined with NU7026 treatment group was statistically significant (t =9.55,P ＜ 0.01).In addition,the group of NU7026 combined with 2 Gy irradiation had a higher ratio of G2/M arrest 24 h post-irradiation (t =7.67,P ＜ 0.01) and an increased induction of cell early apoptosis (t =8.24,P ＜ 0.05).48 h post irradiation as compared to 2 Gy irradiation alone group.NU7026 treatment significantly inhibited the cellular capacity of repairing DNA double-strand breaks induced by γ-ray irradiation.The γ-H2AX foci of the combined treatments group were much higher than that of 2 Gy irradiation alone group at 2,4,8,24 h postirradiation (t=19.58,11.95,7.01,9.45,P＜0.01).Conclusions DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit inhibitor NU7026 can significantly sensitize the cancer stem cells of colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells to γ-ray irradiation.Multiple mechanisms are involved in the radiosensitization effect of NU7026,including DNA repair inhibition,elongation of G2/M arrest,and increase of radiation-induced apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) on pathological features and the expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) at lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in family dogs. Methods A total of 15 dogs were randomly divided into three groups. Sham group underwent gastroscopy and was fed for 3 months (n=5). Dogs were given RFT and were fed for 24 h after RFT (n=5, RFT+24 h group). Dogs were given RFT and were fed for 3 months after RFT (n=5, RFT+3m group). The pathological changes of LES were observed after HE staining in three groups. The expressions of ChAT, VIP and NOS were detected by immunohistochemical method in three groups. Results Results of HE staining showed nearly the same tissues in Sham group and control group. There were active inflammatory reaction and structural damage in RFT+24 h group. The chronic in-flammatory reaction and structural remodeling were found in RFT+3m group. Immunohistochemistry showed that ChAT was significantly increased in RFT+3m group compare than that of Sham group. Values of VIP and NOS were significantly de-creased in RFT+3m group compare than that of Sham group (P<0.01). Conclusion The thickness and increased pressure of LES were found after RFT,which also caused changes in neurotransmitters of local tissues in dogs.

Objective To observe the significance of tumor abnormal protein (TAP)in the therapeutic monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Peripheral blood from 30 NSCLC patients were collected to make smears at the moment of pre-treatment,half a month,one month,3 months and 6 months after therapy.TAP was detected by coacervation method.The maximum area of condense was applied to estimate the level of TAP.Thirty healthy subj ects were chose as con-trol group.Results The positive rate of TAP in NSCLC patients was 86.67%,and 3.33% of healthy subjects were positive in TAP.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=140.3,P<0.01).The condense area of TAP in patients withⅢ~Ⅳ stage of NSCLC [411(89,562)mm2]was significantly higher than those withⅠ~Ⅱ stage NSCLC [267(31,407)mm2]. The condense areas in both of two groups went down after treatment.A significant difference of condense area appeared inⅠ~Ⅱ stage of NSCLC patients a month after therapy as well as Ⅲ~Ⅳ stage of NSCLC patients half a month after treat-ment.The condense areas went to their lowest level 3 months after therapy.ForⅠ~Ⅱ stage patients,the condense area fell to 21% compared to that before treatment,but for patients withⅢ~Ⅳ stage of NSCLC,37% of pre-treatment condense ar-ea were detected.TheⅠ~Ⅱ stage of NSCLC patients had a greater decrease in condense area of TAP than theⅢ~Ⅳ stage patients by 3 months after treatment (χ2=6.22,P<0.05).Conclusion Detection of TAP in peripheral blood had a high sensitivity for NSCLC,and is able to monitoring the treatment effect.

Objective To study prognosis and grading of somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)in long-term unconscious patients after severe traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Five prognostic factors including age,sex,injury mechanism,history of temporal craniotomy and SEP grading were selected and analyzed in 47 patients after severe TBI with a duration of unconsciousness longer than two weeks.The prognosis was judged by Glasgow Outcome Scale.Results Prognosis was closely associated with SEP grading(P=0.024).The accuracy of SEP in assessing the prognosis was 91.5%.About 95%-100% of patients with SEP at grade Ⅲ-Ⅲ ended up with severe disability,persistent vegetative state or death.However,43.75% of patients with SEP at grade Ⅰ had good prognoses.Conclusions The SEP grading can objectively and accurately evaluate patients' prognosis and demonstrate the brain function.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) combined with high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and explore the practicality, the safety and the therapeutic mechanism. Methods This was a prospective, randomized clinical trail. A total of 29 patients with SAP were di-vided into two groups:treatment group (n=15, CPFA and HVHF) and control group (n=14, HVHF). The APACHEⅡscore, se-rum triglyceride, liver and kidney function, white blood cell (WBC), heart rate (HR), respiration, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygenation index were compared before and after treatment between two groups. The organ function was as-sessed, and the adverse reactions and prognosis were observed in two groups. Results After treatment, there were signifi-cant decreases in APACHEⅡscore and WBC, and significant increase in PaO2/FiO2 in two groups, especially significant in treatment group. There was a significant decrease in the level of triglycerides in 7-d treatment group than that of 3-d treat-ment group (P＜0.05). There were no thrombocytopenia, bleeding, allergies, blood clotting and other adverse reactions in two groups of patients. There were significant decreases in the blood purification time and the length of hospital stay in treatment group than those of control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality between two groups. Conclu-sion CPFA combined with HVHF can effectively control inflammation, reduce the serum level of triglyceride and improve the prognosis in patients with SAP.