Gastrodin (GAS) is the major bioactive component of the extracts from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume. The aim of this study is to investigate the transport of GAS in Caco-2 cells and the interaction of P-glycoprotein and GAS. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of GAS were measured as a function of directions and concentrations. It was demonstrated that the efflux ratio was < 2.0 over the range of 50-500 micromol x L(-1) of GAS from bi-directional transport studies. The transport rate of GAS was dependent on the concentrations. Papp of GAS was not affected by transport directions, GAS concentration or the classical inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (verapamil and GF 120918). The cellular accumulation of GAS in Bcap37/MDR1 cells transected with hMDR1 gene, was similar to that in Bcap37 cells. The accumulation in both cell lines was concentration dependent. GAS did not affect the accumulation of Rhodamine 123 in Bcap37/MDR1 cells over the range of 50-500 micromol x L(-1). It indicated that the transport of GAS in Caco-2 cell monolayers mainly is by passive paracellular transport pathway. P-glycoprotein did not participate in the absorption of GAS in the intestine or the transport across the blood-brain barrier.

Objective To determine enantiomeric impurity of etomidate using high performance liquid chromatography. Methods (R)-etomidate and (S)-etomidate were isopropanol-n-hexane. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.5mL/min. The detected wavelength was 242nm. Results (R)-etomidate and (S)-etomidate could be separated completely under these conditions. The precision of (R)-etomidate was 1.57% (n=3). The limit of detection of (R)-etomidate was 4.25ng/mL. The average percentage content of (S)-etomidate was 0.09% in the samples. Conclusion The method was repeatable and sufficiently sensitive to determine the enantiomeric impurity of etomidate. It allows the quantitation of the impurities at the 0.085% (w/w) level relative to etomidate at a concentration of the test solution of 5mg/mL.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody (anti CCP) detected by ELISA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The synthesized CCP deduced from the known cDNA sequence was used as substrate in ELISA.The anti CCP was detected by ELISA in 294 RA,132 rheumatic diseases other than RA and 135 non rheumatic diseases.To compare the correlation among the anti CCP and APF (antiperinuclear factor),AKA (anti keratin antibody),RF (rheumatoid factor) and HLA DR4.Results One hundred and thirty seven (46 6%) RA sera,7 (5 3%) other rheumatic disease sera and 2 (1 8%) non rheumatic disease were found to be anti CCP positive by ELISA.The sensitivity of anti CCP was 46 6% with high specificity (96 9%) in RA.Anti CCP was associated with APF,AKA and HLA DR4 except RF.Conclusions Anti CCP presents a reasonable sensitivity (46 6%) with high specificity (96 6%) to RA and it is valuable to RA diagnosis.Anti CCP is associated with APF,AKA and HLA DR4 but not completely overlaps them.Anti CCP could be regarded as a new diagnostic marker in RA.

On the basis of thermal stability of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide,the influences of medicinal material factors(habitats,collecting time,storage time),thermal stability,production technology(solvent,temperature,heating time and storage condition)on the content of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis Tablet(AT)were explored so as to increase the quality of AT.The results showed that the excellent medicinal material of Herba Andrographis,optimized production technology,shorter heating time and lower temperature are the effective measures for increasing the quality of AT.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with lobar pneumonia and the distribution of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from these patients, hence providing a scientific basis for their precise diagnosis and treatment. Methods　A total of 115 children diagnosed with lobar pneumonia from August 2019 to August 2022 at Suining Central Hospital were screened as the research subjects. The clinical manifestations and occurrence of complications in the patients were investigated. All the children underwent bronchoalveolar lavage after admission, and BALF samples were collected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was adopted to detect and analyze the distribution and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and other related pathogenic microorganisms in BALF specimens. Results Among the 115 pediatric patients with lobar pneumonia, the occurrence of manifestations or complications including involvement of ≥2 lung lobes, myocardial damage, pleural effusion, abnormal liver function, digestive system involvement, nervous system involvement, rash, renal function impairment, and lung atelectasis were observed in 46, 46, 39, 33, 18, 17, 11, 5, and 4 cases, respectively. The pathogen positivity rate in the BALF samples of the 115 patients was 87.0% (100/115), with 81 cases of single infection and 19 cases of mixed infection. A total of 121 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 83 strains of Mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP) (accounting for 68.6%) and SP(13.2%). The differences in the detection rates of HI, MP, RSV strains among different age groups were statistically significant (χ2=8.834, 19.454, 10.284, P<0.05), while the differences in the infection rates of SP, KP, CP, and ADV were not statistically significant (χ2=3.393, 2.67, 0.565, 0.097, P>0.05). The MP pneumonia group showed significantly higher incidence of complications such as pleural effusion, nervous system involvement, and abnormal liver function than the non-MP pneumonia group (χ2=3.925, 4.195, and 4.513, P<0.05). The highest pathogen detection rate was in winter, accounting for 33.91%. Conclusions MP is the most common pathogen in BALF of children with lobar pneumonia. There is variation in the pathogen detection rate among different age groups and seasons. Those with combined infections were more prone to complications, which is worthy of attention by clinicians.

Objective To investigate needs of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia for mental health knowledge and provide the scientific evidence for formulating the general intervention to improve the caregivers′mental health knowledge and skills . Methods Sixty-five caregivers of the patients with schizophrenia participated in the survey by a general state questionnaire and the requirement to mental health knowledge and skill questionnaire using the convenience sampling method. The survey included mental illness knowledge drug, knowledge rehabilitative therapy and self-adjustment. Results Among all the items of the questionnaire, the 3 items they needed most was mental illness knowledge, the preventing method and the symptoms of the recurrent diseases. The 3 items they needed most in respect of drug knowledge were what examinations are needed when taking special drugs, the adverse reactions of the antipsychotic drugs and the importance of persisting in taking drugs. The 3 they needed most in respect of rehabilitative therapy were the relationship between psychology and disease rehabilitation, the role of mental treatment and the role of work-entertainment therapy. The 3 items they needed most in respect of self-adjustment included sleep adjustment, self-adjustment of affects and self-management of daily life and instructions on dieting. Conclusions The caregivers′mental health knowledge and skills are not enough. Therefore, their mental health knowledge and skills should be strengthened so that they can take better care of the patients to realize comprehensive rehabilitation of patients.

Objective To explore the establishment of nursing work model and clinical application in anuria ward. Methods Established the nursing model of anuria ward in rehabilitation department, including the establishment of neurogenic bladder functional rehabilitation nursing specialist group. Define organizational structure, division of labor and responsibilities, conduct continuous personnel training, education and assessment, formulate standardized procedures for rehabilitation and nursing of neurogenic bladder function, implement bladder function assessment, bladder function training, health education, etc. Stage summary and continuous quality improvement. Results The scores of nurses' theoretical examination, skill assessment, nurses'own satisfaction and doctors'satisfaction were 79.6 ±2.1 and 78.5 ±3.5, 91.3 ±2.3, 93.2±1.8, 92.5 ±2.4, respectively. After the implementation of the model, the scores were 89.2 ±1.8, 87.6 ±2.7, 96.3 ±3.6 and 97.4 ±1.6, 98.6 ±1.3, respectively. Before and after the implementation of the model, the differences were statistically significant (t=-8.755--7.685, P<0.05). The number of days of indwelling urinary catheter, residual urinary volume of bladder, and urinary system infection cases before the implementation of the model were (31.63 ±8.47) days and (263.38 ±18.62) ml, (15.03±3.10) cases, (21.27 ±1.64) days, respectively; and (8.78 ±4.32) days, (79.39 ±17.36)ml, (5.36 ± 1.35) cases, (12.45 ± 1.78) days, respectively after the implementation. There was significant difference between the two groups (t =- 23.643--5.874, P < 0.05). Conclusions The establishment of nursing work model without urinary tube ward it can obviously improve the nurses'theory and skill operation level of bladder function rehabilitation nursing, nurses themselves and doctors, patients'satisfaction to nurses, and significantly reduce the number of days of indwelling catheter, urinary bladder residual urine, urinary tract feeling and hospitalization days. The nursing work mode of no urinary tube ward is normative and operable, and it is worth popularizing in clinic.

Objective To construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids of human adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1)and to explore its intracellular location and functions.Methods By using Hela cDNA as the template,the cDNAs encoding CAP1 was amplified by PCR and inserted into pCMV-Myc vector to construct the recombinant plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transfected into 293 cells using lipofectamine 2000.The protein expression and the intracellular location of the inserted gene were confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence,respectively.Scratch-repair experiment was used to detect the cancer cells’ migration ability.Results The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of human CAP1 was successfully constructed and transfected into eukaryote cells.The recombinant plasmid was successfully expressed in eukaryote cells.CAP1 was located in the cytoplasm.The results of scratch-repair experiment showed that the overexpression of CAP1 could significantly inhibit the cells’ migration.Conclusion CAP1 recombinant plasmid was successfully expressed in eukaryotic cells.CAP1 protein was located in the cytoplasm.The overexpression of CAP1 inhibited cell migration. The present study provides important experimental evidence for further study on CAP1.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effect of foley catheter traction for hemorrhage after postmicrochannel percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with upper urinary calculi were collected prospectively at the Department of Urology of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from November 2010 to June 2011. The patients underwent mPCNL, and were divided into 2 groups randomly: 45 patients with 16F foley catheter but without traction served as the control group, and the other 43 patients with 16F foley catheter traction served as the experiment group. Blood loss was estimated by the mass of hemoglobin in the draining liquid and urine during postoperative duration through the HiCN. The blood loss and bleeding time were compared in the 2 groups, and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: There was statistical difference in the average blood loss between the control group (13.830 g) and the experiment group (7.959 g, P<0 .001). The mean bleeding time was 4 and 3 days in the control group and the experiment group respectively. CONCLUSION Foley catheter traction for mPCNL can reduce the blood loss, suggesting that Foley catheter traction is safe, effective and feasible.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Child ; Female ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Traction ; Ureteral Calculi ; surgery ; Urinary Catheterization ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analysis the pathological demography in Chinese patients undergoing renal biopsy from our nephrology center.

METHODSBetween January 1979 and October 2000 in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China, 10,002 attempts of percutaneous renal were performed in patients with renal disease from 33 provinces of China. The pathological classifications were made according to the WHO criteria of 1982 for renal pathology or the modified WHO criteria of 1995 by a panel of pathologists and nephrologists during routine clinical-pathological rounds. The pathological demography between those specimens collected from 1979 - 1989 and those from 1990 - 1999 was compared.

RESULTSThe mean age of the 10,002 subjects undergoing renal biopsy was 31.4 +/- 13.0 years (ranging from 1 to 78 years), with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1; for the 592 renal transplant recipients, the mean age was 37.5 +/- 9.1 years (ranging from 16 to 66 years), with a male to female ratio of 2.36:1. Primary glomerular diseases (PGD) accounted for 71% of the total patients undergoing renal biopsies, secondary glomerular nephritis (SGN) 23%, tubular-interstitial diseases 3.2%, unclassified renal diseases 1.3%, hereditary and congenital renal diseases 1.0%, end stage renal diseases 0.96%, and recently realized or rare renal diseases 0.15%. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the most frequent pathological pattern (40%) of PGD, followed by mesangial proliferative lesion (MsPL) (30%), membranous nephropathy (MN) (10%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (6%). Lupus nephritis (LN) was the most pathology common seen (74%) in SGN. During the 22 years of the study period, there was a steady increase in patients with SGN discovered during pathological evaluation of renal disorders. A rise in prevalence was found in IgA nephropathy, MN (both P < 0.001), crescentic glomerulonephritis (P < 0.0001), anti-GBM disease, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura related renal damages (both P < 0.001). There was a decrease in endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (P < 0.001) and IgM nephropathy (IgMN) (P < 0.01) from 1990 - 1999 as compared to 1979 - 1989. Infrequent renal pathological entities were also diagnosed in this group, including Niemann Pick disease, Fabry's disease, POEMS syndrome, and lipoprotein glomerulonephropathy.

CONCLUSIONSThis is the largest series of renal biopsy data in China, and therefore may reflect the demographic picture of renal diseases in this country. Changes in prevalence of renal pathological entities were reflected in this group of patients over the last 22 years. In primary glomerular diseases, IgA nephropathy is still the most frequently observed pathological pattern. In SGN, LN appeared the most often. Increased prevalence was found in anti-GBM nephritis and HUS/TTP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Japan ; epidemiology ; Kidney Diseases ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence