Objective To investigate the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of syphilis epidemic in Main-land China in 2005-2011.Methods Geographic information system was established based on the data of syphilis epidemic and demographic information from online reporting system of 3 1 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of Mainland China from 2005 to 2011,global indication of spatial autocorrelation(GISA),local indication of spatial autocorrelation (LISA),and spatial-temporal cluster analysis were conducted by GeoDa 0.95i and SaTScan 9.1 .1 software,high risk areas of spatial-temporal distribution of syphilis were determined.Results The number of syphilis in Mainland China in 2005-2011 were 1 841 217 cases,annual incidence was 20.07/100 000,suggesting a sign of obvious cluster distribution.Except 2011,GISA coefficient Moran’s I were statistically different.Accord-ing to LISA analysis,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Fujian lay in high-high region in 2005-2009,Chongqing lay in high-low region in 2006-2008,and in 2011,no area was found in high-high region.Spatio-temporal cluster anal-ysis showed that the most likely cluster was in Shanghai and Zhejiang (2009-2011);the secondary cluster distribu-ted in five areas,including Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan (2009-2011),Xinjiang (2009-2011),Liaoning and Jilin (2010-2011),Gansu,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Sichuan,Chongqing,Shanxi and Inner Mongolia (2011),Beijing and Tianjin (2008-2010).Conclusion Significant spatio-temporal cluster pattern is found for the distribution of syphilis in mainland China,which can be meaningful for pertinent control.

Objective To study the expression of P57kip2 and its clinical significance in hilar bile duct adenocarcinoma.Methods The expressions of P57kip2 in hilar bile duct adenocarcinoma tissues (37 cases) and normal bile duct tissues (32 cases) were determined by immunohistochemical SP methods.The relations between the expression levels of P57kip2 with clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed.Results The positive rate of P57kip2 was 43.2％ (16/37) in bile duct adenocarcinoma,while it was 87.5％ (28/32) in normal duct tissues (P ＜0.01).The expression level of P57kip2 in adenocarcinoma showed no significant association with gender,age or CA19-9 level (P ＞0.05),but they were significantly related with lymph node metastasis,invasion and degree of differentiation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions P57kip2 is associated with the occurrence and development of hilar bile duct adenocarcinoma.It may play an important role in invasion and metastasis of hilar bile duct adenocarcinoma.The P57 protein can be used as an index to diagnose hilar bile duct adenocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of follow-up frequency on the dialysis quality of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods 298 CAPD pa-tients were selected for retrospective analysis from December 2005 to April 2007. All patients were di-vided into two groups according to different follow-up frequency: group A (shorter than 3 months),group B (longer than 3 months). The dialysis quality of the two groups was compared. Results The levels of hemoglobin, albumin and transferrin of group A were (112.19±20.62)mmol/L, (40.45±4.50) retool/L, (2.43±0.29) mmol/L,which were significantly higher than those of group B, (99.63±20.69) mmol/L, (38.01±5.02)mmol/L,(2.29±0.36) mmol/L (P＜0.05). In addition, edema level, life self-care,work capacity, median duration of dialysis, education level and address in group A were significantly different from those of group B (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Shortening follow-up frequency plays an im-portsnt role in improving the dialysis quality of CAPD patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)losartan on the glomerular protein expression profile of spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice by two-dimensional differential gel eleetrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.Methods 8-week-old spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice were randomly divided into losartan (10 mg·kg-1·d-1 given in drinking water) treatment group and non-treatment group.Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were used as normal control.The glomeruli were separated by magnetic bead perfusion through thoracic aorta at age of 20 weeks,then glomerular protein was extracted.The glomerular protein expression profile was investigated by CyDyes minimal fluorescence labelling,two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.Results KKAy mice developed higher body weight and blood glucose,higher urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio at age of 20 weeks than C57BL/6 mice at the same age (all P＜0.05).Losartan treatment markedly reduced urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio [(539.71 ±100.23)mg/g vs (728±177.19) mg/g],attenuated mesangial expansion and the thickening of glomerular basement membrane,but had no effect on the blood glucose.By DeCyder 2-D differential analysis software,62 protein spots of differential expression were found in glomeruli between losartan treatment and non-treatment KKAy mice at age of 20 weeks.Among them,41 proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting.The expressions of 28 proteins were up-regulated by losartan treatment,including glycerokinase,sulfite oxidase,glycine amidinotransferase,adenosylhomocysteinase,etc.The expressions of 13proteins were down-regulaled by losartan treatment,including 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase,ATP synthase subunit d,60 000 heat shock protein,stress-70 protein (alternative name 75 000glucose-regulated protein,GRP75),etc.Six differcntially expressed proteins were found in glomeruli between non-treatment KKAy mice and C57BL/6 mice,and the differential expressions were suppressed by losartan treatment,including dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex,succinyl-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) subunit beta,mitochondrial,ATP synthase subunit d,GRP75,nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 19 and seleniumbinding protein 1.Conclusions Losartan significantly reduces the urinary protein excretion rate and renal pathological lesion of spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice,and suppresses the differential expression of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d,GRP75,selenium-binding protein 1,etc in glomeruli.Losartan may play a renoproteetive role by reducing glomerular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species genesis and inhibiting oxidative stress.

Objective To identify susceptible miRNAs for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the molecular targets of losartan treatment. Methods The 8-week age KKAy mice were divided into losartan treatment group (10 mg· kg-1· d-1) and non-treatment group,C57BL/6 mice were used as the control group.At age of 20 weeks,body weight,random blood glucose,urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were tested,and kidney morphology was observed.Glomeroli were separated by magnetic beads perfusion,and total RNA were extracted.MiRNAs expression profiles were analyzed by the Affymetrix GeneChip miRNAs arrays. Results At age of 20 weeks,KKAy mice developed higher body weight,higher blood glucose and higher urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio than C57BL/6 mice,and the glomerular basement membrane thickened,mesangial matrix widened.Losartan treatment markedly improved the level of urinary albumin creatinine ratio [(539.71±100.23) mg/g vs (728±177.19) mg/g,P＜0.05)] and pathological lesion of KKAy mice.The miRNA array analysis showed that there were 22 miRNAs differentially expressed between KKAy non-treatment mice and C57BL/6 mice glomeruli at age of 20 weeks.Among them,10 miRNAs were up-regulated,and 12 miRNAs were down-regulated.The expression of 4 miRNAs was down-regulated in glumeruli of KKAy mice treated by losartan compared with that of non-treatment mice.The expressions of miRNA-503 and miRNA-181d were significantly up-regulated in the glumeruli of KKAy mice and inhibited by losartan treatment, Conclusion The expressions of miRNA-503 and miRNA-181d are significantly up-regulated in the glumeruli of KKAy mice and inhibited by losartan treatment,which may be new therapeutic targets of DN.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the depressant effect of FK228 combined with rapamycin on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435.METHODS:FK228, a new histone deacetylase inhibitor, and rapamycin, the specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR) protein, were used in the study.MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-435 cells were exposed to different concentrations of FK228 and rapamycin.The inhibitory rate of cell growth was de-termined by SRB assay.Combination index ( CI) was used to evaluate the interaction between FK228 and rapamycin.The expression of the apoptotic proteins, cycle proteins and nucleic acid proteins were detected by Western blotting.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Both FK228 and rapamycin showed growth inhibitory effects on the breast cancer cell lines in a time-and dose-dependent manner.CI of the 2 drugs was less than 1 when the inhibitory rate of the cell growth was 50%effective dose (ED50)~ED70, indicating a synergistic effect.The combination therapy of FK228 with rapamycin increased the apoptotic proteins, and induced the down-regulation of phosphorylated Akt and over-expres-sion of caspase-3 compared with a single use of the drugs.The combination therapy of FK228 with rapamycin reduced the cycle proteins, and the cell cycle was arrested in G2/M.The levels of phosphorylated H2AX and acetylated H3 were ob-viously increased after combination therapy.CONCLUSION:The combination therapy of FK228 with rapamycin inhibits the cell proliferation and increases apoptosis with a synergistic effect, which may become a new trend for treating endometri-al cancer.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between the expression of hENT1 protein in pancreatic cancer and the efficacy,adverse reactions and prognosis of gemcitabine.Methods The tissues of 83 patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Jiaxing Second Hospital and Jiaxing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2013 to January 2016 were collected by endoscopic fine needle aspiration biopsy.The expression of hENT1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry,which was divided into hENT1 low expression group and high expression group.According to the curative effect of chemotherapy,it was divided into gemcitabine effective group and drug resistance group.The clinicopathological parameters,adverse reaction rate,median survival,and progressionfree survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups.Results Of the 83 pancreatic cancer tissues,37 (44.6％) had high expression of hENT1 and 46 (55.4％) had low expression.There were no significant correlations of the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy with gender,age,clinical symptoms,primary tumor location,tumor size,TNM staging,CA19-9 level,CEA level,presence or absence of liver metastasis,but gemcitabine resistance rate in high expression group was significantly higher than the low expression group (78.1％ vs 50.0％),and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.010).Both groups were able to tolerate adverse reactions of gemcitabine chemotherapy and no chemotherapy-related death was observed,but the incidence of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in hENT1 low expression group was significantly higher than those in bENT1 protein high expression group (63.0％ vs 21.6％,47.8％ vs 16.2％),the differences was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The median survival and 1-year PFS of hENT1 protein low expression group were significantly lower than those of high expression group (11 months vs 15 months,19.4％ vs 50％),and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Decreased hENT1 protein expression in pancreatic cancer tissue could reduce the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy,increasing the incidence of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of CatWalk automated gait analysis system for evaluation of motor function of rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) after umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (UC-MSC) treatment.

METHODSEighteen Wistar rats were randomized equally into normal control group, TBI ∓ saline group, and TBI ∓ UC-MSCs group. The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to weight-drop impact to induce TBI followed by injection UC-MSCs or saline into the lesion 7 days after TBI. The neurological function was assessed using CatWalk system and modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) before and 3 days after TBI and 7 days after UC-MSC transplantation. The rats were sacrificed 14 days after the cell transplantation and the brain sections were stained for immunohistochemical analyses.

RESULTSThree days after TBI, mNSS test showed moderate injury of the rats. Seven days after the cell transplantation, the rats showed significant motor function improvement and CatWalk analysis indicated partial recovery of the gait parameters of the 4 limbs compared to the rats with saline treatment. Histological analyses showed that DiO-labeled UC-MSCs were present in the lesion boundary and expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein and β-tubulin III.

CONCLUSIONUC-MSC transplantation can promote functional improvement of the brain after TBI in rats. Compared with mNSS test, CatWalk analysis is more sensitive and objective for assessing neurological function and also provides more detailed information on specific gait parameters.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gait ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recovery of Function ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo determine the pharmacokinetics, distribution and mutual transformation of the total alkaloids, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, berberine and palmatine from Coptis chinensis in rats.

METHODAfter the total alkaloids and berberine were fed into rats, their contents in plasma, tissues and gastrointestinal tract were determined by reversed-phase HPLC.

RESULTThe peak times of berberine in blood were 2.0 h (Cmax 3.7 mg x L(-1)) and 5.0 h Cmax 2.8 mg x L(-1)), respectively. Berberine in rat blood can be transformed into jatrorrhizine. After the rats were fed with the total alkaloids by gavage, the content of berberine was decreased monotonously, while coptisine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine contents were increased gradually in the stomach, it speculated that berberine may be transformed into jatrorrhizine in the stomach. Animal experiments showed that berberine and palmatine were mainly distributed in the lungs of animals, followed by the distribution in the liver, while jatrorrhizine and coptisine was mainly in the liver, then in the lungs.

CONCLUSIONBerberine could transform into jatrorrhizine. The mechanism on the appearance of two maximum blood concentration of berberine in blood could be explained with the propulsion of the gastrointestinal tract partly.

Alkaloids ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

Objective:To investigate the prevalence the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome among different age groups in Tianjin district.Methods:According to the ‘2015 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance Program’, multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to extract 42 communities from 7 districts in Tianjin. A total of 1 753 adult residents in the 42 communities were selected as the research subjects to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and metabolic syndrome with descriptive epidemiological analysis. The χ2 test, non-conditional logistic regression and classification tree models were used to analyze the data. Results:The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in Tianjin was 30.6%, and the standardized rate was 24.5%. The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in Tianjin was increased with age, which was the highest in elderly people (38.9%, ≥60 years). According to the classification tree model, in youth group (18―44 years old), gender, smoking, subjective feeling of health, annual household income and sleep duration were important influencing factors of metabolic syndrome, And the standardized importance was 100%, 95.59%, 22.55%, 20.94% and 9.89%, respectively. In the middle-aged group (45―59 years old), secondhand smoke exposure, subjective feeling of health, sleep duration, the Chinese Food Pagoda (CHFP) score and living region were important influencing factors of metabolic syndrome, and the standardized importance was 100%, 98.08%, 91.04%, 45.74% and 20.15%, respectively. In the elderly group (≥60 years old), sleep duration, secondhand smoke exposure, gender, the CHFP score and living region were important influencing factors of metabolic syndrome, and the standardized importance was 100%, 46.75%, 41.87%, 41.82% and 7.60%, respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome is quite high in Tianjin. Tobacco hazard (smoking and secondhand smoke exposure) and sleep duration are the common influencing factors of metabolic syndrome in all age groups. There are different emphases among different age groups in the distributions of those influencing factors, so pointed interventions should be adopted accordingly.