OBJECTIVE:To prepare itraconazole self-emulsifying solution and evaluate its quality.METHODS:Through equilibrium solubility experiment,the formulation of itraconazole self-emulsifying solution was obtained by optimizing the compatible ratio of oil phase with emulsifier and co-emulsifier.The morphology,particle size,zeta potential and drug loading content of the microemulsion were examined after being diluted by water.RESULTS:The formulation of the self-emulsifying solution was tocopherol acetate (oil phase)-Transcutol P (emulsifier)-Cremophor RH40 (co-emulsifier) (3∶12∶5).The morphology of microemulsion was homogeneous small spherical drops observed under the electron microscope,with particle size and Zeta potential at (296.1?90.7) nm and (—13.2?1.6) mV,respectively.The drug loading con-tent was 9.88%.CONCLUSION:The itraconazole self-emulsifying solution was proved to be stable and reliable in quality.

Objective To study the change of activity and toxicity of superoxide (O - 2 ) produced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNLs) during ischemia reperfusion cerebral injury.Methods The rats were administrated by both PMA (an activator of single transduction of O - 2 produced in alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) positive granules of PMNLs) and the inhibitor BCA respectively; the model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was made by suture cleat mothod,the activity changes of both myeloperoxidease (MPO) and O - 2 were measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168h reperfusion following ischemia 1h, and the pathological ultrastructural changes were observed. Results The MPO activity of both PAM group and BCA group reached the peaks at 24h after reperfusion; however,there were no remarkable differences in MPO activity between these two groups in the same time point. The O - 2 activity in the PAM group was significantly higher than those in the BCA group. The O - 2 activity reached the peak at 72h of ischemia reperfusion. In the same experimental time point, the pathological changes of the ultrastructure in ischemic reperfusive injury brain of the PAM group were much more serious than the those of the BCA group, which showed obviously the neurons edema, the abnormal structures of nerve felt and synapse in the ischemia reperfusion injured brain.Conclusion The increase of brain O - 2 activity from PMNLs during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was direct ratio to the degree of cerebral injury. BCA might depress the activity and the toxicity of the O - 2.

Objective To analyze the difference between primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS) and primary biliary cirrhosis complicating with Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS) in clinical features,anti-60 000 SSA multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) detection rate,and explore the potential mechanisms of PBC with SS.Methods MAPs were artificially synthesized.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to detect anti-MAPs antibodies in the sera of the three groups of patients.The detection rates of anti-MAPs antibodies were compared among groups and the relations of anti-MAPs antibodies with clinical features were analyzed.Chi-square test,Fisher's exact test,t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test were conducted in this study.Results There was no significant difference in clinical features,liver function tests and antibody profiles between PBC and PBC with SS.Significant difference of anti-MAP20 antibody detection rote was detected between pSS and PBC with SS groups [25％(7/28) vs 0(0/25),x2=7.201 1,P=0.007 3],and anti-MAP3,7 and 17 antibody detection rates in PBC with SS patients [4％(1/25),4％(1/25),8％(2/25)] were similar to pSS [4％(1/28),7％(2/28),7％(2/28)].The anti-MAP7 antibody and anti-MAP12 antibody detection rates were significantly higher in patients with splenomegaly than patients without splenomegaly [38％(3/8) vs 2％(2/84),38％(3/8) vs 4％(3/84); P=0.039 4,P=0.039 4],while the antiMAP17 antibody detection rate was significantly lower in patients with salivary gland injury than patients without salivary gland injury [5％(3/64) vs 39％(5/13); x2=4.431 8,P=0.035 3].Conclusion There is significant difference in the anti-MAPs detection rates among the three patients groups,and the detection rate may be higher in patients with certain clinical manifestations.

Objective To study the expression and significance of matriptase in different metastatic potential of human ovarian cancer cells.Methods High-metastatic human ovarian cancer cell HO8910PM and ovarian cancer cell HO8910 were collected.The ability of metastatic of the former was stronger than that of the latter.Compared the ability of invasion and migration in HO8910PM and HO8910 by scratch assay and by millicell chamber artificial reconstituted basement membrane invasion assay.Detected the matriptase mRNA and protein expression levels in HO8910PM and HO8910 through reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods.Results The 24 hours' migration distance(347 ± 8) μm of HO8910PM cells were significantly higher than that in HO8910 group (154 ± 10) μm (P ＜ 0.01) ;The number of HO8910PM cells that penetrated the matrigel after 24 hours' incubation were significantly higher than that in HO8910 group (90.7 ±2.1 vs 63.3 ± 1.5,P ＜0.01).The expression of matriptase mRNA in HO8910PM cells was higher than that in HO8910 group (0.72 ± 0.03 vs 0.38 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01).The migration was positively correlated with the matriptase mRNA expression levels (r =0.992,P ＜ 0.01); and the invasiveness was also positively correlated with the matriptase mRNA expression levels (r =0.973,P ＜0.01).As far protein level,the expression of matriptase protein in HO8910PM cells was higher than that in HO8910 group (15.6 ±0.8 vs 7.6 ± 1.3,P ＜0.01).The migration was positively correlated with matriptase protein expression levels (r =0.971,P ＜ 0.01) ;And the invasiveness was also positively correlated with the matriptase protein expression levels (r =0.958,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The relationship between the expression levels of matriptase and the metastatic of ovarian cancer cells may be correlative.The function of matriptase in ovarian cancer cells metastatic machanism still need to be confirmed.

Objective To explore whether synergistic action occurs in development of depression-like behaviors using ovariectomy combined bondage stress,and whether hippocampal neural progenitor state is changed following depression-like behaviors in mice.Methods Forty female C57B/L mice were divided into four groups randomly,which included ovariectomy,bondage stress,ovariectomy combined bondage stress and sham groups.Depression-like behaviors were evaluated by open field test,sucrose preference and forced swimming test after animals had been treated for 21 days.All animals were fixed by 4％ PA perfusion through left ventricle,then brain was removed,and coronal serials sections were made.Expression of Ki67 and DCX was tested by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence in subgranular zone of hippocampal dentate gyrus (SGZ).Results Body weight((18.70± 0.25) g vs (20.96±0.24)g),novelty-seeking behavior and sucrose preference decreased in ovariectomy combined bondage stress-group compared with those in sham group (P＜0.05),but forced swimming time increased in shame group((165.6±9.6)s vs (140.28±12.3) s).Likewisely,Ki67-positive cells((8.6±2.4)/section) and DCX-positive cells((4.2±1.4)/section) in SGZ decreased in ovariectomy combined bondage stress-group compared with those in sham group(Ki67:(16.7±2.5/section),DCX:(12.6±2.3/section) (P＜0.05).Unsimilarly,depressionlike behaviors had little change in ovariectomy-or bondage stress-groups compared with those in sham-group.Conclusion Ovariectomy combined bondage stress has synergistic action in development of depression,and inhibits the active state of progenitor in SGZ in mice.

Objective To evaluate the life quality in patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy resection and open appendectomy resection for choledocholithiasis.Methods A survey was made on 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy resection and 30 patients who underwent open appendectomy resection.The quality of life was measured with the Gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) preoperation and 2,5,10,16 weeks after the operation.Results There were no significant difference in the GIQLI scores.The GIQLI scores were 121,115,126,131,and 133 respectively in preoperation and 2,5,10,and 16 weeks after laparoscopic appendectomy resection.The scores of GIQLI were 122,109,120,127,and 129 respectively in preoperation and 2,5,10,and 16 weeks after open appendectomy resection.Conclusion The GIQLI scores from laparoscopic appendectomy resection group is better than that from the open appendectomy resection group.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pulmonary embolism complications following laparoscopic bile duct exploration.Methods The data of 201 cases undergoing laparoscopic bile duct exploration from June 2002 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Fourteen risk factors of pulmonary cmbolism complications were evaluated by univariate analysis using no conditional binary Logistic regression.Results 23 patients developed pulmonary embolism complications (11.4％).Age (≥60y),Diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,history of cerebral infarction,preoperative shock,time of operation,ambulation after operation (≥3 d) were significant risk factors of pulmonary embolism complications (P ＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,history of cerebral infarction,time of operation,ambulation after operation (≥ 3 d) as independent risk factors of pulmonary embolism complications (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,history of cerebral infarction,time of operation,ambulation after operation (≥ 3 d) are independent risk factors for pulmonary embolism complications following laparoscopic bile duct exploration.

Objective To evaluate the effect of military performance stress on the changes of concentrations in salivary chromogranin A ( CgA) ,β-endorphin (β-EP) and salivary IgA ( sIgA) of submariners.Methods Twenty-nine submarine soldiers were selected, and their saliva samples were collected separately at the end of a long dive trip and nine months after relaxation ashore.In addition,the saliva samples of twenty-eight graduate students were collected as the normal control.The method of ELISA was used to detect the level of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Results After long-term dive training, the submariners showed significantly decreased CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Conclusion After a long term dive trip, chronic military performance stress is associated with the decline of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA, indicating that the function of sympathet-ic adrenal medulla is suppressed.The biological significance of these changes needs to be assessed in the future.

Objective To investigate the significance of salivary cortisol , dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes for evaluation of military performance stress .Methods Forty submarine soldiers were selected, whose saliva samples were collected separately at the end of long-term dive training and after nine months of relaxation break.In addition, the saliva samples of thirty-four graduate students were collected the moment they finished a three-hour final examination and one week later .The method of ELISA was used to detect the levels of salivary cortisol and DHEA-S and to count their ratio .Results After long-term dive training , the submarine soldiers showed significantly decreased DHEA-S and an increased cortisol/DHEA-S ratio, but the cortisol level did not change very much .In contrast, the final examination stress did not change the level of cortisol , DHEA-S or the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio among these students.Conclusion This is the first study to show that long-term, chronic military performance stress is associated with the salivary DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes .The increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio may be used as an important and useful biomarker to evaluate chronic stress .In addition , it is relatively simple and sensitive to detect stress biomarkers by using saliva samples .

Objective To study the changes in miRNAs expression in the exosomes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) after 60 Co γ-rays expose using microRNA(miRNA) chips and bioinformatics techniques so as to provide new clues to the mechanism of radiation-induced vascular tissue injury and its bystander effects.Methods HUVECs exosomes were collected in the control and 4 Gy irradiated cells by ultra-high-speed centrifugation,and further confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blotting of exosomes biomarkers.miRNA microarray was used to analyze miRNA expression profiles of exosomes and cells.Also,real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to verify differentially expressed miRNAs,and the miRDB and TargetScan were performed to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs.Bioinformatics analysis was performed using DAVID,KEGG and other online tools.Results Compared with the control exosomes from non-irradiated HUVECs,miRNA microarray analysis revealed that 5 up-regulated,and 13 down-regulated miRNAs were identified in the exosomes from HUVECs at 0.5 h after 4 Gy-irradiation,and 16 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated miRNAs at 2 h after 4 Gy-irradiation.Moreover,38 and 85 miRNAs were differentially expressed respectively in the HUVECs at 0.5 h and 2 h after radiation.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The results of bioinformatics showed that these miRNAs might exert the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) by regulating MAPK signal pathways,RAS and PI3K-Akt signal pathways.Conclusion The ionizing radiation injury significantly alters the components and expression levels of exosomal miRNAs,which play important roles in regulating the signal pathways in response to radiation.