[Objective]To ascertain the best formulation process of Tangkening Granule. [Method]By determinating hygroscopicity, granulation and dissolubility, the appropriate recipient and its formula are selected. [Results]The best excipient is 1∶0.5. The made granules have low hygroscopicity and high granulation and high dissolubility. And its critical relative humidity is 70%. [Conclusion]The experimental results provide the basis of the ascertainment of formulation process and the control of product inviroment of Tangkening Granule.

Objective To compare dexmedetomidine versus lidocaine for suppression of fentanyl-induced coughing during induction of general anesthesia in patients.Methods Two hundred ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 36-50 yr,undergoing elective gynecological operations under total intravenous anesthesia,were randomized into 2 groups (n =100 each):dexmedetomidine group (group D) and lidocaine group (group L).Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was intravenously infused over 10 min at a rate of 0.05 μg· kg-1· min-1 starting from 20 min before induction of anesthesia in group D.Lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 1 min before induction of anesthesia in group L.For induction of anesthesia,fentanyl was given first,and 2 min later the other drugs were given.The development and degree of coughing were recorded within 1 min after fentanyl injection.The occurrence of adverse events was recorded.Results The incidence of coughing was significantly higher and the degree of coughing was severer in group L than in group D (P ＜ 0.05).There was no signihicant difference in the incidences of hypotension and severe sinus bradycardia between groups D and L (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg injected before induction of anesthesia has better suppressive effect on fentanyl-induced coughing during induction of general anesthesia than lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg in patients.

Objective To screen for microRNA (miRNA) involved in fetal rat lung development.Methods Fetal lungs were collected at their 16 d,19 d and 21 d of gestational age,and were observed after HE staining.Differentially expressed miRNA (fold change＞ 1.0) were screened by miRCURYTM locked nucleic acids chip.Some differentially expressed miRNA were selected for further analysis to investigate their change trends in 16 d,19 d and 21 d of gestational age.Results (1) Under the observation after HE staining,in gestational age 16 d group,original bronchus was dendritic distributed,with thick interstitial,rare capillary and no alveolar structure existed; in gestational age 19 d group,primary alveolar was seen,interstitial became thinner,and more capillaries were found; in gestational age 21 d group,more alveolar septa were identified and pulmonary acinus cavity was extremely expanded.(2) Two hundred and two differentially expressed miRNA were found.Among them,many miRNA were firstly reported in rat fetal lung development,suchas miRNA-3560 (8.4211415,4.8889050),miRNA-126 * (7.5239524,1.5118160),miRNA-186* (0.980 325 0,0.688 447 5),miRNA-466c* (0.977 220 0,0.877 227 0),miRNA-195 (13.549 629 0,0.985 488 8),miRNA-34a (12.426 133 0,0.604 066 2) and miRNA-466b-1 *(0.993 153 1,1.732 802 3).(3)The expression of miRNA-466c * and miRNA 186 * decreased as the gestational age increased from 16 d to 21 d,while expression of miRNA-195,miRNA-3560,miRNA-466b-1 *,miRNA-126 * and miRNA-let-7b increased; miRNA-34a expression increased during 16 d to 19 d.miRNA 17-92 family expression decreased,while expression of most let-7 family members (except let-7i and let-7e) increased from 16 d to 21 d of gestational age.Conclusions These miRNA might play an important role in the physiological mechanisms of fetal lungs development.

Objective To monitor the expression patterns of bcr-abl in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients during treatment with imatinib mesylate and evaluate the detection of MRD by RQ-PCR method. Methods The ABI Prism 7500 Sequence Detection System using Taqman fluorogenic probes was used to quantify target gene. bcr-abl mRNA was detected by RQ-PCR in 106 CML patients. The normalized quotient (NQ) of bcr-abl mRNA was calculated as followings: NQ=bcr-abl mRNA copy numbers/abl mRNA copy numbers. Results The NQ of BCR-ABL mRNA was well correlated with the progression of disease and the number of Ph+ cell (r =0.9824 and 0.9346, respectively). The NQ was decreased rapidly in 62 patients and kept in low level for a long time, and only 2 of them were relapsed. For 8 patients, after treatment the NQwere decreased initially and increased sharply, 7 of them were relapsed after 5-9 months. After treatment the NQ of 31 patients were still>0.1, 11 patients were relapsed after a short remission and 7 were ineffective or progression. Out of 5 patients whose NQ were fluctuated and had little regularity, but all of them had a continuing remission. Conclusion RQ-PCR is a more sensitive technique in the detection of bcr-abl fusion gene.It is an important method to monitor the tumor cell during the treatment with imatinib mesylate in CML patients.

Objective To explore the effect of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) on S100β expression in rat hippocampus and its mechanisms. Methods At 7 days after bilateral stereotaxis injection of different dose of fibrillar Aβ 25-35 and interluekin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) into the rat CA1 region, the learning and memory abilities of rats were tested with passive avoidance task. Amyloid deposition was detected by using Congo red staining technique. Nissl staining and immunohistochemical techniques were used to analyze the number of neurons, and GFAP and the S100β expression in hippocampal CA1 region , respectively. Results After fibrillar Aβ injection, the step-through latency of rats was significantly shortened compared to that of the control group. The GFAP positive astrocytes were found surrounding amyloid deposition. Neuronal loss occurred in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 region. The number of S100β positive cells in Aβ-treated group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group. After IL-1ra injection, the number of S100β positive cells was significantly decreased. Conclusion Intrahippocampal injection of Aβ 25-35 could cause similar pathologic changes of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ 25-35 was capable of up-regulating S100β expression in a dose-dependent manner. The injection of IL-1ra could attenuate the effect of Aβ on S100β expression.

ObjectiveTo explore the value of differential diagnosis between pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in active stage with clinic and ultrasound. MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the characters of clinic and ultrasound of sixteen patients with PVNS and sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis inactive stage.ResultsIn aspects of patient’s age (T=185), pain scores (T=136) history of trauma (P=0.029), functionally uncompensated conditions (P=0.001) type (P=0.000) and sum (P=0.000) of involved joints、bright spot-echoes in hydrops (P=0.001) tendons nearby involved (P=0.001) and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow (P=0.009), the differences between PVNS and RA in active stage had statistical significance (P<0.05). Clinic characters: patients with PVNS were younger, often had a history of trauma. But patients with RA in active stage had a higher pain score and functionally uncompensated condition. Ultrasound characters: big and single joints were often involved in patients with PVNS, and tiny bright spot echoes could be detected in hydrops. Instead, big and small, multiple joints, tendons nearby were often involved in patients with RA, who had a higher ratio of gradeⅢ Doppler ultrasound blood flow. And in aspects of sex, the presence of hydrops and synovium thickness, the differences between the two had no statistical significance (P>0.05).ConclusionThe clinical characters including Patient’s age, pain scores, history of trauma, functionally uncompensated conditions, and the characters of ultrasound including type and sum of involved joints, bright spot echoes in hydrops, tendons nearby involved and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow, are helpful for the differential diagnosis of PVNS and RA in active stage.

Objective To explore depression and anxiety in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients in Chaoshan region and investigate their influencing factors. Methods Two hundred and one patients newly diagnosed with NPC were included in this study. The status of depression and anxiety during their hospital stay were evaluated using the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Data including sex, age, education, history of smoking, course of disease, sleeping quality and oral pain were also collected and their relationships with depression and anxiety were analyzed as well. Results They had significantly higher mean SAS score (36.41 ± 7.41) and SDS score (48.42 ± 7.19), as compared with the healthy population. Single factor analysis indicated that age, education, history of smoking, course of disease, sleeping quality, and oral pain had significant impact on the scores of SAS and SDS. Multivariate logistics regression analysis indicated that age, education, history of smoking, course of disease, sleeping quality, and oral pain had significant impact on their anxiety and depression. Conclusions Depression and anxiety are common psychological problems in NPC patients. Patients at the middle to elderly age and with low education, history of smoking, bad sleeping quality and oral pain are more susceptible to depression and anxiety.

Objective To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the growth inhibition of bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro and to explore its potential mechanism. Methods The growth inhibition of ATO on bcr-abl wild type cell lines (K562, KBM5 and 32Dp210) and imatinib(IM)-resistant cell lines (K562R, KBM5R, 32Dp210T315I, 32Dp210Q252H, 32Dp210Y253H, 32Dp210M351T and 32Dp210E255K) were measured by trypan blue exclusion. Apoptosis was assayed by AnnexinV and PI staining. Glutathione (CSH) levels were detected by DTNB colorimetry of Glutathione Assay Kit. Results ATO inhibited cell growth in both bcr-abl wild type and IM-resistant mutant type cells in a dose dependent manner. ATO significantly inhibited growth of bcr-abl point mutant cells compared with the corresponding wild type cells, and the IC50 of ATO in mutant cells was lower than that in wild type, while the IC50 in no point mutant cells K562R was not different compared with that in wild type cells K562. The GSH levels in bcr-abl point mutant cells were lower than that in the corresponding wild type cells(P =0.00106-0.0358) , but that in K562 was quite similar with K562R cells(P = 0.315). After depletion of intracellular GSH by using BSO, the growth inhibition of ATO in both bcr-abl point mutant cells and wild type cells was significantly enhanced. Conclusion The growth inhibition of ATO on bcr-abl point mutant cells is remarkably more effective than that on wild type cells, which may be related with intracellular GSH. ATO would be a potential therapeutic select against CML with bcr-abl point mutation including the T315I mutation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intraoperative application of dexmedetomidine on acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female patients with lower limb fracture.Methods Ninety female patients with lower limb fractures caused by traffic accident,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-35 yr,weighing 40-72 kg,scheduled for elective internal fixation,were divided into 3 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),low-dose dexmedetomidine group (group D1) and high-dose dexmedetomidine group (group D2).Ropivacaine (0.75％) 10-15 ml was injected into the epidural space,and operation was started after pain disappeared at the plane T8-10.Two percent lidocaine 5-10 ml was intermittently injected to maintain the anesthetic plane at T10.After successful epidural anesthesia,dexmedetomidine 0.5 and 1.0 μg/kg were intravenously infused over 30 min in D1 and D2 groups,respectively,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia was performed with 0.15％ ropivacaine after operation and lasted until 48 h postoperatively,maintaining visual analogue scale score ≤ 3 (baseline).Morphine 3 mg was intravenously injected for rescue analgesia when visual analogue scale score＞3.The requirement for rescue analgesia within 48 h after operation was recorded.Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were assessed at 1 h before operation and on 1,3 and 7 days after operation.The patients were followed up for 3 months by telephone,and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version score was evaluated.The occurrence of acute PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version score ＞ 38) was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the ASDS,SAS and SDS scores were significantly decreased on 1,3 and 7 days after operation,and the incidence of acute PTSD was decreased in D1 and D2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group D1,the ASDS scores were significantly decreased on 1,3 and 7 days after operation,and the incidence of acute PTSD was decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in SAS or SDS scores at each time point in group D2 (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the requirement for rescue analgesia between the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Intraoperative application of dexmedetomidine can reduce the occurrence of acute PTSD and it is dose-related in female patients.

Objective:To explore the distribution of perihip stress in male marathon runners and normal volunteers during the gait cycle using finite element analysis.Methods:In November 2022, the hip joint CT image data of a male marathon runner and a male healthy volunteer was collected. The gait cycle was divided into 7 phases, including the foot to the ground, the early, middle, and late period of one-foot support, the toe push and extension period, and the beginning and end of the swing. A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed based on the gray value of CT and according to the individualized material attribute assigning scheme. The dynamic change of hip joint contact force during the gait cycle was applied to the load, and the biomechanical qualitative analysis of the model was carried out through the equivalent stress results. Based on qualitative analysis, the same 10 nodes on the front, middle, and back of the model acetabulum, the front, and back of the femoral head, and the neck of the femur were extracted as equivalent stress reference points, and the biomechanical quantitative analysis of the model was carried out.Results:During the gait cycle, according to the hip equivalent stress distribution diagram, the contact on the articular surface of the two subjects mainly occurred in the posterior upper part of the acetabulum and the posterior part of the femoral head and gradually moved outward and backward with the joint force during walking. From the point of view of the stress distribution nodes around the hip joint, the stress changes of the nodes in each part of the two subjects showed bimodal characteristics with the load inside the hip joint at each phase. The internal stress value of the hip joint showed a gradual upward trend from the foot to the ground, reached the maximum stress in the middle period of one-foot support, then decreased, and slightly increased in the toe push and extension period. Then, the stress values at the beginning and end of the swing gradually decreased until entering the next gait cycle. The stress values in the posterior acetabulum and posterior femoral head of the marathon runner were smaller than those of the healthy volunteer.Conclusion:The stress around the hip joint was different between marathon runner and healthy volunteer, but the stress distribution and transmission path were the same.