OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for dealing with public emergency in China. METHODS:Through consulting the FDA guidelines for emergency management,the study was done by reviewing literature and comparison study. RESULTS:USA has established complete legal system for emergency management. FDA has established complete organization chart of emergency response with the emergency operation center as its focal point and various centers and offices providing support to resolve all kinds of emergencies. CONCLUSIONS:A complete legal system for emergency management is required in China,the most importance of which is to set up an emergency operation center in SFDA with a set of supporting departments. It is urgent to establish practical emergency response plans.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the revision of regulations on drug import and export stated in Pharmaceutical Management Law.METHODS:The Federal Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act(FD&CA) and regulations and procedures on drug import & export were reviewed.Then literature analysis and comparison research were adopted in study.RESULTS:Complete legal system for drug import and exports were established in USA.With multiple revision and supplement,items in FD&CA were comprehensive and explicit,which standardized the behavior of import and export and increased sales.CONCLUSIONS:The management for drug import and export should further be strengthened in China with a focus on improving Pharmaceutical Management Law.The most important thing is to implement full supervision on drug imports with flexible import procedure and regulations,and enhance the management for exporting drugs and specific medicines.

IL-2 gene was introduced into human erythroleukemic cell line K562 by retroviral vector. After transduction for eighteen days, flow microfluorometric analysis for DNA distribution of both K562/neo and K562/IL-2 cells indicated that transduced cells were accumulated in a state of G2M arrest. Thirty days later, the number of G2+M in K562/neo cells decreased, but proportion of G0/G1 in K562/IL-2 cells was still lower and G2+M was higher than that of nontransduced cells. The proliferative activity assay by MTT method demonstrated that the proliferation of K562/IL-2 was slow following four day culture. The index of mitosis was decreased. The results of light microscopical studies showed many giant and multinucleate giant cells with even more than twenty nuclei in each cell. It was possible that the formation of multinucleate giant cells associated with repeated endomitosis in a single cell. Further analysis of morphometry confirmed that the size of IL-2 gene modified K562 cells was increased. The ratio of giant cells was higher than that of nontransduced K562 cells. We suggested that I1-2 gene transduction might have some regulation effects on proliferative activity of K562 cells. IL-2 gene modified K562 cells might be blocked at a stage of G2.

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block analgesia on childbirth, mother and child. Methods: A retro-spective study was used. Totally 200 primipara were divided into two groups according to the analgesia method. The 100 cases in the observation group was undergone lumbar epidural puncture and cathetering at the 2-3 section when the cervix was with 2-3cm opening, 0. 075% ropivacaine hydrochloride and sufentanil 10ml was infused firstly, and then 0. 075% ropivacaine and sufentanil was infused continuously through a self-control analgesia pump at the speed of 6-8ml·h-1 till the cervix was nearly all opened. The other 100 cases in the control group were without anesthesia when the cervix was with 2-3cm opening. The analgesia effect, labor time, delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage amount, fetal distress and postpartum hemorrhage of the two groups were compared. Results:The analgesic ef-fective rate of the observation group was 97. 0%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (10. 0%, P<0. 05). The first stage of birth process in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0. 05), and the va-ginal delivery rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The incidence of neonatal asphyxia, 1min Apgar score, 24-hour postpartum hemorrhage amount and bleeding rate showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Ropivacaine at low concentration combined with sufentanil used in epidural block analgesia has promising analgesic effect, which can shorten labor time to promote the smooth delivery.

Objective To understand the mental health status of residents aged 15 years old or above in Hainan Province,and and to analyze its influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for improving the psychological health level of populations.Methods A multistage randomsampling method was used to extract 3 295 residents in Hainan Province and perform the investigate on the mental health status.Results Among 3 295 surveyed residents,410 respondents had mental disease,accounting for 12.44％ of respondents total number.The total score of SCL-90 in the residents of Hainan Province was lower than that of the national norm(t=14.65,P=0.00).(2)The morbidity of mental disease had no statistical difference between different genders(wald x2 =0.27,P=0.60);which had statistical difference among marital status,environmental satisfaction and family harmony (wald x2 =46.53,P =0.00;wald x2 =51.98,P =0.00;wald x2 =89.47,P =0.00).(3) The non-conditional Logistic regression analysis results showed that the influencing factors entering the regression equation were marital status(OR=0.52),family type(OR =0.57;0.53),environment satisfaction(OR=1.26),family harmony(OR=1.31),health self-examination(OR=0.72),borrowing 5 000 yuan within 2 d when urgent need(OR=1.31) and general well-being(OR=0.86).Conclusion The factors influencing mental illness in residents are multiple,so synthetic measures should be taken for its prevention.

Objective To investigate the role of dendritic cell (DC) subsets and T cell subpopulations expressing different intracellular cytokines in the pathogenesis of syphilis. Methods Flow cytometry was utilized to measure the frequencies of peripheral DC subsets and IFN-γ-, IL-2-, IL-4-, IL-10-expressing peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations in 20 patients with syphilis before and after therapy, and in 15 healthy human controls. Results The frequency of CD11c+ DC was significantly lower in pretreated patients than that in treated patients (P<0.01), but higher than that in the normal controls (P<0.05), and the same was true for the frequency of IFN-γ-expressing T cells, IL-2-expressing T cells, and IL-12-expressing T cells. By contrast, a decrease was noticed in the frequency of IL-4-expressing T cells and IL-10-expressing T cells in pretreated patients compared with that in the normal controls. Furthermore, in patients with syphilis, the frequency of CD11c+ and CD123+ DC was unrelated to the percentage of IFN-γ-expressing and IL-12- expressing T cells (both P>0.05). Conclusions IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12 may exert an immunoregnlatory effect in the eliminating of Treponema pallidum, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 may perform an imrnunoinhibitory effect.

Objective To study the correlation between the level of serum ferritin(SF) and the degree of liver damagement with severe hepatitis B,and the clinical significance of SF changes in judging the prognosis.Methods The level of SF was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA) from 62 cases with severe hepatitis B,the level of SF from acute hepatitis B,chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis and normal men were served as contrast study.Results The level of SF from severe hepatitis B was significantly higher than those from acute hepatitis B,chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis and normal men;the level of SF was positively correlated with total bilirubin(TB),prothrombin time(PT),total bile acid(TBA) and negatively with Alb,ALT,AST,CHE.The levels of SF of those who died were significantly higher than those of suvivals;the level of SF decreased as the disease controlled and increased as the disease deterio-rated.Conclusions There is a parallel correlationship between the level of SF and the degree of liver damagement with severe hepatitis B,the severer the hepatocyte damage was,the higher the ferritin was.It is helpful to judge the degree of damagement and prognosis of severe hepatitis by detecting the level of serum ferritin.

In order to strengthen the management of disinfection quality of endoscopes, Quality Control Center of Digestive Endoscopy and Nosocomial Infection Control Center of Yunnan Province investigated the diagnosis, treatment, cleaning and disinfection conditions and disinfection quality of digestive endoscopes in some medical institutions of Yunnan Province by web questionnaire from April to May in 2019, and 277 valid questionnaires were finally obtained. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the influencing factors of cleaning and disinfection process and the infection control implementation of digestive endoscopes in 227 secondary and tertiary hospitals. The results showed that the number of decontamination people who had received systematic training in Yunnan Province was significantly lower than that in other areas of China. The hospital level, the number of decontamination personnel, and decontamination methods affected the implementation of cleaning and decontamination process and infection control, while the allocation of decontamination supplies had no effects. It is important to establish an effective mechanism for the normalized implementation of cleaning and disinfection of digestive endoscopes.

Abstact: Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic sphineter Oddi manometry (SOM) in patients with recurring abdominal pain and observe the value of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in treatment of patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD).MethodsClinical data of 30 patients with chronic abdominal pain after cholecystectomy who were suspected SOD from 2012 October to 2014 September were collected and retrospectively analyzed. These patients received SOM in ERCP examination and the observation of Oddi sphincter basal pressure, contraction amplitude, frequency and mode of transmission were carried out. The EST were carried out in patients with basal pressure of Oddi sphincter higher than 40.0 mmHg or higher than 30.0 mmHg, and the presence of serum amylase, lipase, ALT, AST, AKP increased more than 2 times of the normal value and (or) of common bile duct, pancreatic duct widening.ResultThe SOM of all the 30 patients were all abnormal. The basal pressure of Oddi sphincter, the contraction amplitude, the contraction frequency and the reverse shrinkage were (36.6 ± 21.1) mmHg, (210.6 ± 25.7) mmHg, (10.1 ± 3.1) times/min and (55.0 ± 8.0)%. All the patients were treated with EST, of which 27 cases (90.0%) received good results.Conclusion SOM is helpful in evaluation of Oddisphincter function, it is of great value in diagnosis of SOD. EST treatment obtained satisfactory effect in patients with elevated basal pressure of Oddi sphincter.

Background Conventional studies showed that the primary pathological change of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is retinal microangiopathy.However,recent studies found that the disorder of visual function appears prior to retinal microangiopathy in diabetic patients.Thereby,this findings can not be explained by conventional view.Objective The aim of the study was to find the change of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) by frequency domain optical coherence tomography(OCT) in the diabetic patients without retinal microangiopathy and with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and investigate the relationship between the change of RNFL thickness and DR.Methods Sixty eyes of 56 patients with 2 type diabetes mellitus were enrolled in Shanxi Eye Hospital from October 2012 to September 2013.The patients were divided into the non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (30 eyes of 26 patients) and NPDR group (30 eyes of 30 patients) depending on the findings of fundus fluorescine angiography (FFA) according to the DR International Clinical Classification System.Thirty normal eyes of 30 age-and gendermatched healthy volunteers were included as controls.RNFL thicknesses around optical disc and macular zone were measured by OCT,including average RNFL thickness in 360°,superior nasal,superior temporal,temporal,inferior temporal,inferior nasal and nasal RNFL thicknesses.The measuring results were compared between the three groups.Results The total average thickness values of RNFL around the optic disc for the NDR group,NPDR group and the control group were (97.46-± 8.65) μm,(100.69 ± 16.35) pm and (109.22 ± 8.69) μm,respectively,and the parameters in the NDR group and NPDR group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P=0.001,0.006).The RNFL thicknesses were thinning at the superior temporal,temporal,inferior temporal,inferior nasal quadrants around optical disc in NDR group compared with the normal control group (P=0.001,0.001,0.001,0.010),and RNFL thickness values of all the quadrants were decresed in the NPDR group compared with the normal control group,and significant differences were seen in superior temporal and nasal quadrants (P =0.001,0.046).The total average thickness values of RNFL around macular zone for the NDR group,NPDR group and the normal control group were (33.47±3.39),(36.81±3.21) and (38.18±2.16) μm,and parameters in the NDR group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P =0.001).The RNFL thicknesses of all the quadrants around macular zone in the NDR group were thinned in comparison with the normal control group (all at P＜0.01),and the RNFL thicknesses at the superior nasal,superior temporal and temporal quadrants were significantly decreased in comparison with the normal control group (P=0.026,0.015,0.001).Conclusions The thinning of the RNFL thickness occurs prior to retinal microangiopathy in diabetic patients,and it may be an early pathological stage for DR.