Objective:To expose the vulnerability of HIV/AIDS infection among youth out of schools in a holistic view through understanding lifestyle,peer relations,awareness of HIV/AIDS,and HIV/AIDS prevention service of the youth.Methods:A cross-sectional survey based on the collective random sampling was conducted among 584 youth out of schools with or without a job in Anshan City,Liaoning Province in October 2005.Results:The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS among youth out of schools was 58.9%,and 65.6% of the subjects never accepted any health service related to HIV/AIDS prevention.42.6% of the respondents had sexual experience,and the rate of having sexual experience among males(62.3%)was higher than that of females(37.7%).And 30.5% of the youth seldom or never used a condom,51.2% of the youth having sex didn't use a condom in his/her last sex.28.2% of the youth having sex were ever involved in commercial sex relations.22 of the respondents(3.8%)had the experience of drug substance,the rate of having sex experience among youth who used the substance was higher than that of the youth who never used the substance.Smoking,alcohol abusing,visiting recreation places,high month consumption were the risk factors of pre-marital sex,and high awareness of HIV/AIDS was the protective factor of pre-marital sex.Conclusion:The youth out of schools were vulnerable in sexual behavior,substance use,peer influencing,social environment,and HIV/AIDS prevention service in terms of HIV/AIDS infection.

Objective To study the effects of two kinds of vertical partial laryngectomy on laryngeal function,postoperative extubation rate and survival rate of patients with glottic laryngeal carcinoma.Methods From January 2013 to January 2014,one hundred and fifty patients with glottic carcinoma who treated in Huzhou Gospel Hospital were selected.The patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 75 cases in each group.The control group used the traditional vertical partial laryngectomy,the observation group was treated with modified vertical partial laryngectomy.The postoperative survival rate,extubation rate,extubation time and complications were observed in the two groups.Results The extubation rate was 100.00% (75/75) in the observation group and 97.33% (73/75) in the control group,the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(χ2 =2.027,P>0.05).The extubation time in the observation group was (11.85 ± 0.49)d,which in the control group was (14.55 ± 0.56) d,the difference was statistically significant between the two groups( t=31.424, P<0.05).There were 67 cases(89.33% ) with grade 0 and 8 cases(10.67% ) with grade 1 in the observation group.The swallowing function of the observation group was stronger than that of the control group( Z=5.238,P<0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the two groups were similar(all P>0.05).The 3-year survival rate of the observation group was 97.33% (73/75),which of the control group was only 88.00% (66/75),the differ-ence was statistically significant between the two groups (χ2 =4.807,P<0.05).There was no pharyngeal fistula in both two groups. There were 5 incision infections in the control group, and 1 incision infection in the observation group.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between the two groups (χ2 =2.778,P>0.05).Conclusion Improved vertical hemilaryngectomy therapy for patients with glottic laryngeal carcinoma can effectively shorten the time of extubation,better preserve swallowing function,improve the long-term survival rate,and the extubation rate and complication rate are similar with the traditional vertical partial laryngectomy.

Objective To observe the bone marrow signals of acetabulum and proximal femur of asymptomatic non?professional marathoners by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1WI, and evaluate the bone marrow transformation, so as to obtain the effect of Marathon exercise on bone marrow composition and function. Methods The study group was randomly selected to participate in and complete the whole marathon at least once a year in the past two years. The training mileage of long?distance running was not less than 1 600 kilometers per year. There were no symptoms such as hip pain. There were no abnormalities in hip joint physical examination. The age of 22?53 years old. A total of 31 and 62 hips were evaluated. The control group was randomly selected 29 healthy persons (58 hip joints), aged 23?53 years, without hip pain and regular exercise. All subjects underwent hip joint MRI scan, and the hip joint MRI showed normal. At least 12 hours before MR scan, he did not engage in long?distance running or other sports. The bone marrow signal intensity of acetabulum and proximal femur in T1WI was compared with that of surrounding muscles and fat. The signal intensity was graded from low to high and evaluated by grade. The research group was divided into two groups according to the training years of marathon (running age). The running age of group A was more than 4 years and group B was less than 4 years. The distribution of bone marrow signal in proximal femur was also evaluated by a more intuitive 3?4 classification method. Mann?Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results Bone marrow signal grading evaluation showed that there were significant differences in bone marrow signal grade distribution between the two groups (Z=-6.828, -4.779, -3.046,-5.266,-3.490,-5.053, P<0.05). In the study group, there were 14, 28 hips and 168 parts in group A, 17, 34 hips and 204 parts in group B, bone marrow signals were graded. There were significant differences in acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone (Z=-2.202, -2.214, -2.730, P<0.05), but no significant differences in femoral head, trochanter and trochanter bone (Z=-0.886,-1.642,-0.711, P>0.05). To evaluate the classification of bone marrow signals in proximal femur, 62 cases of bone marrow signals in the study group were classified as follows: 10 cases with type 1a, 24 cases with type 1b, 17 cases with type 2 and 11 cases with type 3. In the control group, 58 cases of bone marrow signals in proximal femur were classified as follows: 2 cases with type 1a, 13 cases with type 1b, 26 cases with type 2 and 17 cases with type 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (Z=-4.003, P<0.05). Conclusion The T1WI signal intensity of asymptomatic non?professional marathoners′acetabulum and proximal femur bone marrow is lower than that of non?marathoners; the T1WI signal intensity of acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone marrow of the elderly runners is lower; that is, marathon exercise has certain influence on the bone marrow signal of acetabulum and proximal femur, that is, the change of bone marrow signal in weight?bearing area has a certain phase with the amount of exercise.

Objective To investigate the present situation of facial melanin of construction workers in Beijing area,to discuss the relative affecting factors,and to provide theoretical basis for theoretical research on photoaging and occupational protection for construction workers.Methods A total of 157 healthy male construction workers and 61 non-construction workers in Beijing were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on their exposure to dust,sunlight,noise and high temperature in their working environment.The occurrence of melanin in their face skin was measured by melanin index (melanin index,MI) probe.T test,Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis on two independent samples.Results The exposure of construction workers to dust,sunlight,noise and high temperature was significantly higher than that of non-construction workers (P ＜0.05);the melanin score of construction workers over 40 years old was significantly higher than that of non-construction workers (P ＜0.05) and positively correlated with age (P＜0.05);the melanin of construction workers was affected by age,sunlight and noise (P＜0.05).Conclusions The melanin level of the construction workers aged over 40 is significantly higher than that of the non-construction workers in Beijing.Age,sunlight and noise are the main factors affecting the melanin level.

Objective: To observe the bone marrow signals of acetabulum and proximal femur of asymptomatic non-professional marathoners by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T₁WI, and evaluate the bone marrow transformation, so as to obtain the effect of Marathon exercise on bone marrow composition and function. Methods: The study group was randomly selected to participate in and complete the whole marathon at least once a year in the past two years. The training mileage of long-distance running was not less than 1 600 kilometers per year. There were no symptoms such as hip pain. There were no abnormalities in hip joint physical examination. The age of 22-53 years old. A total of 31 and 62 hips were evaluated. The control group was randomly selected 29 healthy persons (58 hip joints), aged 23-53 years, without hip pain and regular exercise. All subjects underwent hip joint MRI scan, and the hip joint MRI showed normal. At least 12 hours before MR scan, he did not engage in long-distance running or other sports. The bone marrow signal intensity of acetabulum and proximal femur in T₁WI was compared with that of surrounding muscles and fat. The signal intensity was graded from low to high and evaluated by grade. The research group was divided into two groups according to the training years of marathon (running age). The running age of group A was more than 4 years and group B was less than 4 years. The distribution of bone marrow signal in proximal femur was also evaluated by a more intuitive 3-4 classification method. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Bone marrow signal grading evaluation showed that there were significant differences in bone marrow signal grade distribution between the two groups (Z=-6.828, -4.779, -3.046, -5.266, -3.490, - 5.053, P<0.05). In the study group, there were 14, 28 hips and 168 parts in group A, 17, 34 hips and 204 parts in group B, bone marrow signals were graded. There were significant differences in acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone (Z=-2.202, -2.214, -2.730, P<0.05), but no significant differences in femoral head, trochanter and trochanter bone (Z=-0.886, -1.642, -0.711, P>0.05). To evaluate the classification of bone marrow signals in proximal femur, 62 cases of bone marrow signals in the study group were classified as follows: 10 cases with type 1a, 24 cases with type 1b, 17 cases with type 2 and 11 cases with type 3. In the control group, 58 cases of bone marrow signals in proximal femur were classified as follows: 2 cases with type 1a, 13 cases with type 1b, 26 cases with type 2 and 17 cases with type 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (Z=-4.003, P<0.05). Conclusion The T₁WI signal intensity of asymptomatic non-professional marathoners′ acetabulum and proximal femur bone marrow is lower than that of non-marathoners; the T₁WI signal intensity of acetabulum, femoral neck and upper femoral shaft bone marrow of the elderly runners is lower; that is, marathon exercise has certain influence on the bone marrow signal of acetabulum and proximal femur, that is, the change of bone marrow signal in weight-bearing area has a certain phase with the amount of exercise.

Objective:To explore the distribution of perihip stress in male marathon runners and normal volunteers during the gait cycle using finite element analysis.Methods:In November 2022, the hip joint CT image data of a male marathon runner and a male healthy volunteer was collected. The gait cycle was divided into 7 phases, including the foot to the ground, the early, middle, and late period of one-foot support, the toe push and extension period, and the beginning and end of the swing. A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed based on the gray value of CT and according to the individualized material attribute assigning scheme. The dynamic change of hip joint contact force during the gait cycle was applied to the load, and the biomechanical qualitative analysis of the model was carried out through the equivalent stress results. Based on qualitative analysis, the same 10 nodes on the front, middle, and back of the model acetabulum, the front, and back of the femoral head, and the neck of the femur were extracted as equivalent stress reference points, and the biomechanical quantitative analysis of the model was carried out.Results:During the gait cycle, according to the hip equivalent stress distribution diagram, the contact on the articular surface of the two subjects mainly occurred in the posterior upper part of the acetabulum and the posterior part of the femoral head and gradually moved outward and backward with the joint force during walking. From the point of view of the stress distribution nodes around the hip joint, the stress changes of the nodes in each part of the two subjects showed bimodal characteristics with the load inside the hip joint at each phase. The internal stress value of the hip joint showed a gradual upward trend from the foot to the ground, reached the maximum stress in the middle period of one-foot support, then decreased, and slightly increased in the toe push and extension period. Then, the stress values at the beginning and end of the swing gradually decreased until entering the next gait cycle. The stress values in the posterior acetabulum and posterior femoral head of the marathon runner were smaller than those of the healthy volunteer.Conclusion:The stress around the hip joint was different between marathon runner and healthy volunteer, but the stress distribution and transmission path were the same.

Objective To explore the effects of red and blue monochromatic LED light sources on the learning and memory ability of mice.Methods Fifty mice were divided into blank control group,red light irradiation for 5 min group,red light irradiation for 10 min group,blue light irradiation for 5 min group,Blue light irradiation for 10 min group,10 mice in each group.The control group was not irradiated,and the other four groups were irradiated 2 times per day.After 9 weeks,jump table test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of mice.Nitric oxide (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) changes were observed in brain tissue of mice.Results In the test for mistakes within 5 min,the blank control group was the highest,and there were significant differences between the blank control group and the other four groups (P ＜0.01).In the test for mistakes within 3 min,the blank control group was the highest,and there were significant differences between the blank control group and the other four groups (P ＜ 0.01).In the blank control group,the NO and NOS levels were significantly lower than those in the red light group and blue light group,and the AchE was significantly higher than the red light group and blue light group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Both blue and red light can improve the learning and memory ability of mice,but red light irradiation for 5 minutes is more effective in improving the learning ability of mice.

Objective To explore the effects of red and blue monochromatic LED light sources on the learning and memory ability of mice.Methods Fifty mice were divided into blank control group,red light irradiation for 5 min group,red light irradiation for 10 min group,blue light irradiation for 5 min group,Blue light irradiation for 10 min group,10 mice in each group.The control group was not irradiated,and the other four groups were irradiated 2 times per day.After 9 weeks,jump table test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of mice.Nitric oxide (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) changes were observed in brain tissue of mice.Results In the test for mistakes within 5 min,the blank control group was the highest,and there were significant differences between the blank control group and the other four groups (P ＜0.01).In the test for mistakes within 3 min,the blank control group was the highest,and there were significant differences between the blank control group and the other four groups (P ＜ 0.01).In the blank control group,the NO and NOS levels were significantly lower than those in the red light group and blue light group,and the AchE was significantly higher than the red light group and blue light group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Both blue and red light can improve the learning and memory ability of mice,but red light irradiation for 5 minutes is more effective in improving the learning ability of mice.

Objective:To explore the effect of positive group psychological counselling on self-efficacy and stigma of patients with ulcerative colitis so as to provide a basis for clinical intervention.Methods:By the convenient sampling method, a total of 100 patients with ulcerative colitis who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from July 2018 to June 2019 were selected as research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group ( n=50) and the observation group ( n=50) . The control group was given routine nursing while the observation group was given positive group psychological counselling. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (IBD-SES) and Social Impact Scale (SIS) were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results:After intervention, scores of stress and emotion management, medical care management, disease management and maintenance management during remission period in the IBD-SES between the two groups had statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . There was statistically significant difference in the score of social isolation dimension in SIS between the two groups after intervention ( P<0.05) . There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of social exclusion, economic discrimination and intrinsic shame ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Positive group psychological counselling can improve the self-efficacy of patients with ulcerative colitis, but the effect on the stigma needs further large samples and long-term research.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic value of modified multipoint drainage for biliary complications after liver transplantation.Methods:A total of 125 patients treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary complications after liver transplantation in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2018 to May 2020 were enrolled. Patients were divided into endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) group ( n=67, treated with multiple drainage of bile duct stent) and modified multipoint drainage group [ n=58, treated with ERBD combined with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD)] by random number table. Modified multipoint drainage group were further randomly divided into two groups, modification group 1, 31 cases, where nasobiliary ducts were cut proximal to duodenal papilla after one week under endoscopy and modification group 2, 27 cases, where they were cut proximal to duodenal papilla after two weeks under endoscopy. The changes of serological indexes in 2 weeks after the operation in three groups were compared, and the incidence of short-term and long-term complications were analyzed. Results:The serological indexes were improved in patients at 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after ERCP, especially in modified multipoint drainage groups. Two weeks after the operation, the improvement of serological indexes in modification group 2 was better than that in modification group 1. Incidence of recent complications including cholangitis, hyperamylasinemia, and pancreatitis in the ERBD group were higher than those in modification group 1 [32.84% (22/67) VS 12.90% (4/31), 46.27% (31/67) VS 19.35% (6/31), 20.90% (14/67) VS 3.23% (1/31), all P<0.05] and modification group 2 [32.84% (22/67) VS 11.11% (3/27), 46.27% (31/67) VS 22.22% (6/27), 20.90% (14/67) VS 3.70% (1/27), all P<0.05]. ERBD group had a higher incidence of long-term complications including recurrent biliary infection and jaundice than modification group 1 [ 58.21% (39/67) VS 35.48% (11/31), P=0.036; 49.25% (33/67) VS 25.81% (8/31), P=0.027] and modification group 2 [58.21% (39/67) VS 11.11% (3/27), P<0.001; 49.25% (33/67) VS 25.93% (7/27), P=0.038]. The incidence of recurrent biliary infection in modification group 1 was higher than that in modification group 2 [35.48% (11/31) VS 11.11% (3/27), P=0.030]. Conclusion:Multiple drainage with indwelling nasal bile duct by ERCP can effectively reduce the short-term and long-term complications and improve the recovery of serological indexes for patients with biliary complications after liver transplantation. It is suggested that the nasobiliary duct should be retained for 2 weeks and then transformed into a built-in tube to continue drainage.