〔Abstract〕 The paper summarizes identification methods for research fronts , including the method based on bibliometrics and the au-tomatic and semi-automatic methods based on computers .Their respective advantages and disadvantages are noted and it is suggested that such tools as semantic network should be utilized to identify research fronts in a deeper and more accurate manner .

A co-word matrix was constructed with PubMed-covered papers on breast cancer-related enzyme from 2009 to 2011 and from 2012 to 2014 as its data source.The papers were double clustered by gCULTO to generate class groups and identify the breast cancer-related enzyme research frontiers and the evolution of different class groups.

Objective To identify the frontiers and hotspots in studies on lung cancer therapy by text mining. Methods PubMed-covered papers on lung cancer therapy were retrieved from 2013 to 2014 . The terms with a broa-der meaning were excluded by mapping the UMLS concept with MetaMap and by limiting their semantic types. A LDA model was established to identify the topics. Results The LDA model could identify the frontiers and hotspots in studies on lung cancer therapy from 2013 to 2014 . Conclusion Frontiers and hotspots in studies on lung cancer therapy can be identified by analyzing the topics and reading the related literature, which can thus provide reference for related medical researchers and managers.

Objective:To understand the current status and main models of transformation of medical patent in the World-class universities in China, carry out research on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements based on the perspective of patents.Methods:The registration data of assigned medical patent of 42 universities were collected to analyze the overall status of transformation, the cycle and the transfer flow of patent transfer. The main fields and themes involved in the transfer of patented technology are shown by cluster analysis methods. The prominent transfer mode of medical patents in the universities was discovered by analyzing the transferees of assigned patents.Results:Among 42 universities, medical patents transferred within ten years account for approximately 6% of authorized patents, and the average transfer cycle is 28 months, and transferees are business-oriented. The transferred patents cover more topics including hydantoin derivative, fucoidan sulfate, human papilloma virus, brain-computer interface and minimally invasive surgery. 88% of patents are based on the traditional direct patent technology transfer model. In addition, it also includes transfer modes such as transfer through the asset operating company, the spin-offs, the third-party intermediary, the institute, and the technology transfer center.Conclusions:The overall task of building a World-class university is heavier and the demonstration effect is more obvious. However, the status quo is that the proportion of transfer patents of the World-class university is still low, the transfer cycle is long, and the mode of transfer of scientific and technological achievements is relatively single and should be more innovative. The World-class universities should improve the quality of their own scientific and technological achievements, improve the results transformation mechanism, and constantly explore the mode of achievement transformation in a more tailored way.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the scientific and technological innovation capability and efficiency of hospitals and provide references for effectively promoting their high-quality development in scientific innovation.Methods:The indexes of 69 tertiary public general hospitals were collected in 2018. The science and technology innovation capability of these hospitals was evaluated using science and technology evaluation metrics(STEM), while their science and technology innovation efficiency was evaluated using the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis model. Then the matching relation of the two dimensions was analyzed, with outstanding hospitals identified using the skyline algorithm.Results:The STEM and science/technology innovation efficiency of 69 tertiary public hospitals averaged 29.61 and 0.960 respectively. Based on STEM and efficiency, the 69 hospitals were divided into four types: the type of high capability and efficiency comprising 9 hospitals(13.04%), that of high capability and low efficiency comprising 16 hospitals(23.19%), that of low capability and high efficiency comprising 16 hospitals(23.19%) and that of low capability and efficiency comprising 28 hospitals(40.58%). Five hospitals(7.24%)were selected as outstanding examples of science and technology innovation.Conclusions:This study constructed a set of scientific and effective methods for comprehensively evaluating scientific and technological innovation capability and efficiency, for classifying the current state of science and technology innovation of a hospital and identifying outstanding ones. The assessment results could enable the hospitals to make targeted management measures.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Zuoguiwan on ovarian reserve in the female offspring rat model of prenatal stress （PS） and explore the mechanism based on Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB p65 （TLR4/NF-κB p65） signaling pathway. MethodThirty-two pregnant rats were prepared and randomized into four groups （n=8）： control， model， Zuoguiwan （18.9 mg·kg^-1）， and vitamin E （1.44 mg·kg^-1）. Except the control group， the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） from day 11 of pregnancy， and the modeling was accompanied by gavage with corresponding drugs until delivery. The PS model was evaluated by the sucrose preference test， open field test， and serum corticosterone （CORT） level. The estrous cycle was monitored and the morphological changes in the ovarian tissue were observed. The serum levels of estradiol （E₂）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， and anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH） in the 75-day-old offspring rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） to evaluate the ovarian reserve. The ovary and uterus indices were calculated. The serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The morphology of the ovarian tissue in the offspring on the day of birth and day 75 after birth was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The transport of NF-κB p65 to the nucleus in the ovaries of the 75-day-old offspring was detected by the immunofluorescence （IF） assay. The expression of TLR4， NF-κB p65 and other related proteins in the ovarian tissue was determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed reduced primordial follicles in the offspring on the day of birth （P<0.01） as well as disturbed estrous cycle， decreased ovary index and uterus index （P<0.01）， reduced corpus luteum， increased atretic follicles （P<0.01）， lowered serum levels of AMH and E₂ （P<0.01）， elevated serum levels of LH， FSH， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated protein levels of TLR4， NF-κB p65， recombinant myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor （p-IκBα） （P<0.01） in the 75-day-old offspring rats. Compared with the model group， Zuoguiwan and vitamin E increased the primordial follicles in the offspring on the day of birth （P<0.01）. Moreover， they resumed the estrous cycle， increased the ovary and uterine indices （P<0.05， P<0.01） and corpus luteum （P<0.01）， reduced atretic follicles （P<0.01）， elevated the serum levels of AMH and E₂ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered the serum levels of LH， FSH， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of TLR4， NF-κB p65， MyD88， and p-IκB-α （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the 75-day-old offspring. ConclusionZuoguiwan can improve the ovarian reserve in the offspring rat model of congenital kidney deficiency by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.