OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis of anti-inflammation effect of Uygur medicine Hyssopus cuspidatus. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to establish the fingerprint of 8 extracts with different po-larities. Using macrophage RAW264.7 as object,the inhibitory effect of extracts with different polarities on inflammatory factor ni-tric oxide(NO),TNF-α and IL-6 in supernatant of cell culture medium was detected,the differences of anti-inflammatory activity in vitro were compared. Grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship of peak area of common peaks and anti-inflammation activity. RESULTS:The fingerprint of 8 extracts with different polarities showed obvious differences. Anti-inflammation in vitro results suggested that 30% ethanol extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines in vitro. There were 14 common peaks in the established HPLC fingerprints,the 5 common peaks that was closely related to the in-hibitory effect of inflammatory factors in vitro were peak 8,6,5,10,13,respectively;peak 8 was rosmarinic acid. CONCLUSIONS:The established fingerprint and its spectrum-effect relationship with anti-inflammation activity in vitro can provide certain reference for its pharmacodynanic material basis study.

Objective To observe the apoptosis of retina and the expression of caspase-3 in mice with premature myopia and to explore the pathogenesis of premature myopia.Methods Together 60 newborn C57BL/6J mice were selected and divided randomly into three groups (n =20):P6 group (opening the eyelid on day 6 after birth),P10 group (opening the eyelid on day 10 after birth) and normal group (opening the eyelid naturally).The right eyes of mice in the P6 and P10 group were subjected to lighting exposure,and the left eyes were left untreated serving controls with its right eyes;while the eyes in the normal group open naturally without any treatment.Then the refraction was checked on day 15 through retinophotoscopy,and ocular axial length was measured by micrometer with electronic digital display.TUNEL assay was used to determine retinal apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of caspase-3 in mice retina.Results The right eyes developed significant myopia in the P6 group [(-7.55 ±0.15)D] and P10 group [(-5.25 ±0.10)D],while the eyes in the normal group did not suffer from myopia,and there was significant difference in the three groups (P ＜0.05).The average axial length of right eyes in the P6 group [(2.49 ± 0.08) mm] and the P10 group [(2.51 ±0.03)mm] was shorter than that in the normal group [(2.58 ± 0.04) mm],with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of caspase-3 had a dramatically increase in ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of retina of mice in P6 group and P10 group.TUNEL results showed that brown-stained positive apoptotic cells appeared in ganglion cell layer in the P6 and P10 group,while Western blot showed that the expression of caspase-3 protein in mouse retina in P6 group (gray value 52.70％) and P10 group (gray value 35.76％) was upregulated.Conclusion Early lighting exposure can induce premature myopia of mice,and the earlier the mice receive light,the higher the relative degree of myopia is;meanwhile during the process of premature myopia,ganglion cells and nuclear layer cells suffer apoptosis,as well as caspase-3 protein involves in the occurrence of apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct component analysis for the 40％ ethanol eluate of Hyssopus officinalis,and investigate its improvement effect on inflammation in asthmatic mice. METHODS:The 40％ ethanol eluate of polyamide resin column was col-lected,and HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry was used for the component analysis of 40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis. Totally 72 mice were randomly divided into blank group (normal saline),model group (normal saline),dexamethasone group (positive control,1.6 mg/kg) and 40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups (200,100,50 mg/kg),12 in each group. Except for normal group,mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected 0.2 mL ovalbumin (OVA)for sensitization in 0,14 d and intragastrically administrated in 25-31 d,once a day. After administration,2 mg/mL OVA was dropped in nose for 7 d. After 24 h of last dropping in nose,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),interfer-on-γ(IFN-γ)levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected;pathological changes in lung tissue were observed. RE-SULTS:Totally 11 compounds were identified,the relative percentage content of 40.89％. The main components were rosmarinic acid,luteolin 7-O-β-D-rhamnoserhamnose (1→6)-α-D-pyran glucoside,hyperoside,etc. Compared with blank group,TNF-α, IL-4 levels in BALF in model group were increased,IFN-γ level was declined,and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was enlarged(P<0.01);lung tissue was seriously damaged,there was infiltration of inflammatory cells around the blood vessels. Compared with model group, TNF-α,IL-4 levels in BALF in dexamethasone group,40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose groups were declined,IFN-γ level was increased,and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was reduced (P<0.01);pathological changes in lung tissue were improved. CONCLUSIONS:The established analysis method can effectively analysis the chemical components of 40％ etha-nol eluate of H. officinalis,which has certain regulatory effect on releasing inflammatory factors and reducing inflammatory lesions in lung tissue of mice with bronchial asthma.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the differences between artificially cultivated and wild Xinjiang Artemisia rupestris,and screen the different components. METHODS:HPLC-MS was adopted to establish the fingerprints of artificially cultivated and wild Xinjiang A. rupestris from different origin and harvest time. Principal component analysis was conducted by Marker ViewTM soft-ware and SIMCA-P 11.5 software,the characteristics of principal components were analyzed,difference variable was screened, and different components of artificially cultivated and wild varieties were obtained. RESULTS:Fingerprints of 22 batches of A. rup-estris(12 batches of wild varieties,10 batches of artificially cultivated varieties)were established. According to the principal com-ponent analysis,artificially cultivated and wild varieties were well grouped,with obvious differences;the principal components of artificially cultivated varieties with different harvest time showed certain difference,mainly before and after flowering,concentrat-ing in to-be flowering and full flowering periods. Wild varieties from different origins had obvious regional difference,showing cer-tain differences in composition and content. 268 variables were found in matrix of positive ion mode and 155 in negative ion mode. 28 groups of variables were extracted by difference variable,and 19 variables were determined. CONCLUSIONS:Artificially culti-vated and wild varieties have obvious difference in principal component,mainly in flowering period and picking places. It can pro-vide theoretical basis for the standardized cultivation and origin protection of Xinjiang A. rupestris.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Compound Lavandula angustifolia ointment. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative identification of ethanol extract from Scutellaria baicalensis and volatile oil of L. angustifolia. GC method was used for qualitative identification of dementholized peppermint oil. GC method was used to determine the content of menthol. The determination was performed on Agilent DB-WAX capillary column,with temperature programming. The injector temperature was 250℃,and the temperature of detector was 250℃.The injection volume was 1 μL and the split ratio was 5:1 by split sampling. RESULTS:TLC spots of ethanol extract of S. baicalensis and volatile oil of L. angustifolia were clear and well-repeated without interference from negative control. The chromatographic peaks in TLC of test samples of dementholized peppermint oil had same retention time as that of substance control.The linear range of menthol injection amount was 0.113 4-1.133 5μg (r=0.999 4). RSDs of precision,intra-day precision,stability and reproducibility tests were not higher than 2.0%. The recoveries were 95.40%-99.82%(RSD=1.61%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:Established quality standard can be used for the quality control of Compound L.angustifolia ointment.

As a sensor of cytosolic DNA, the role of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in innate immune response is well established, yet how its functions in different biological conditions remain to be elucidated. Here, we identify cGAS as an essential regulator in inhibiting mitotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and protecting short telomeres from end-to-end fusion independent of the canonical cGAS-STING pathway. cGAS associates with telomeric/subtelomeric DNA during mitosis when TRF1/TRF2/POT1 are deficient on telomeres. Depletion of cGAS leads to mitotic chromosome end-to-end fusions predominantly occurring between short telomeres. Mechanistically, cGAS interacts with CDK1 and positions them to chromosome ends. Thus, CDK1 inhibits mitotic non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by blocking the recruitment of RNF8. cGAS-deficient human primary cells are defective in entering replicative senescence and display chromosome end-to-end fusions, genome instability and prolonged growth arrest. Altogether, cGAS safeguards genome stability by controlling mitotic DSB repair to inhibit mitotic chromosome end-to-end fusions, thus facilitating replicative senescence.