Environmental arsenic content is influenced by natural condition, microorganism and human activity.Certain natural conditions favor arsenic mobilization to the environment.Some microorganisms adapt in high arsenic environment, which is an important factor for arsenic biotransformation and mobilization in the environment.Moreover, human activities can intensify arsenic accumulation in the environment.The environmental arsenic accumulates rapidly through the food chain and enters human bodies to be detoxicated through methylation.Water arsenic pollution is one of very serious public health problems, which not only causes acute and chronic toxicosis, but also increases human susceptivity to many kinds of diseases.

Objective To explore the method for simultaneous determination of arsenic and mercury in drinking water. Methods Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was applied for simultaneous determination of arsenic and mercury in drinking water. The best working conditions of the determination, such as the height of flame of atomizer, current of hollow cathode lamp, reducer, acidity and required amount of NaBH 4 were defined in this assay. Results The determination range of arsenic, the correlation coefficient and detection limit for arsenic were 0～40 ng/ml,0 999 5 and 0 10 ng/ml respectively, and were 0～80 ng/ml, 0 999 3 and 0 02 ng/ml for mercury respectively. The precisions and recovery rates of the simultaneous determination of arsenic and mercury in drinking water were 0 94%～5 61% and 94%～110%. Conclusion This method with advantages such as simple, rapid, sensitive, high accuracy and less interference, was suitable for simultaneous determination of arsenic and mercury in drinking water.

To establish a spectrophotometric method for detecting selenium in drinking water,some subjects,such as the features of absorption spectrum of the reacting product of selenium and diaminonaphthalene,disturbance of other coexisting ions,detection range,detection limit,precision and accuracy were studied.The results showed that:the maximum absorption wavelength of the reacting product of Se4+and 2,3-diaminonaphthalene was 377 nm,the detection limit,molar absorptivity (ε377) and linear range of this method was 0.018 μg/50 ml,2.7×104 L/(mol·cm)and 0.2～10 μg/50ml respectively.The regressive equation was A＝0.077C＋0.014 with a correlation coefficient r value of 0.9999.The relative standard deviation (RSD) and recovery rate were ＜54.7% and 96.5%～106% respectively.This method was simple,sensitive and accurate,could meet the requirement of the routine monitoring of selenium in drinking water.

AIM In order to search inhibitors of protein kinase CK2, we observed the inhibitory effects of kaempferol on recombinant human protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme and its kinetics in vitro. METHODSCloning, prokaryotic expression and purification of human protein kinase CK2 α' and β subunits by gene engineering, the two subunits were mixed at equal molar ratio to reconstitute CK2 holoenzyme and identify its biological properties. The CK2 activity was assayed by detecting incorporation of 32P of [γ-32P]ATP into the substrate. The inhibitory effect of kaempferol on CK2 was assayed in the presence of different concentrations of kaempferol. Kinetic analysis of kaempferol-induced inhibition was carried out in the condition that casein concentration was fixed at 2 g·L-1 and ATP was changed at various concentrations(10, 20, 40, 80 μmol·L-1), or ATP was fixed at 10 μmol·L-1 and casein was changed at different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 g·L-1). RESULTS Kaempferol was shown to strongly inhibit the holoenzyme activity of recombinant human protein kinase CK2 with IC50 of 1.9 μmol·L-1, which was more effective than chrysin, morin and genistein which are both known as CK2 special inhibitors. Kinetic studies of kaempferol on recombinant human CK2 showed that kaempferol acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor with substrate ATP(Ki=1.1 μmol·L-1) and casein (Ki=3.1 μmol·L-1). CONCLUSIONKaempferol is a novel potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Discussions indicate that flavonoid inhibitors of CK2 may adopt different orientations in theactive site of CK2 and that these are determined by the number and position of their hydroxyl groups.

This paper describes the construction and practical experience of the key laboratory for teaching of biochemistry and molecular biology,and indicates that the laboratory promotes the development of teaching and scientific research.It is proved to be a suitable measure for sharing teaching resource,improving teaching quality and raising teacher' academic level.

In order to develop potent antidiabetic agents that have inhibitory effect to a-glucosidase, twelve β-acetamido ketone derivatives such as N-{[(substituted-4-oxo-thiochroman-3-yl)phenyl]-methyl}acetamide are designed and synthesized through one-pot Dakin-West reaction. Their chemical structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assays of compounds 4a-41 were carried out using glucose oxidase method. The result indicated that most of them possess inhibitory activity in vitro. Compound 4k showed the most potent inhibitory activity with 87.3% inhibition of α-glucosidase at the concentration of 5.39 mmol x L(-1). The structure-activity relationship of these β-acetamido ketone derivatives was discussed preliminarily. Moreover, the molecular docking method was used to study the interaction mode of compound 4k and α-glucosidase. Our results will be helpful for designing of α-glucosidase inhibitors in the future.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of total flavone of Litchi Semen （TFL） on proliferation， apoptosis， migration， and invasion of hepatoma cells HepG2. MethodMethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric （MTT） assay was used to detect the effect of different-dose TFL and cisplatin on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay was used to detect the effects of low， medium， and high-dose （70， 140， 210 mg·L^-1） of TFL and cisplatin （60 mg·L^-1） on the apoptosis of HepG2 cells， thus selecting the optimal dose of TFL for the follow-up experiment. HepG2 cells were divided into a blank group， a TFL group （140 mg·L^-1）， a TFL+XL019 group （140 mg·L^-1 TFL+0.5 μmol·L^-1 XL019）， and a TFL+TPI-1 group （140 mg·L^-1 TFL+1 μmol·L^-1 TPI-1）. The effect of TFL on migration and invasion of HepG2 cells were examined by wound healing test and Transwell invasion assay， and the effect of TFL on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） marker in HepG2 cells were examined by cell immunofluorescence assay. Western blot was used to detect the expression of key proteins in Janus kinase 2（JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway after the intervention by TFL. ResultMTT assay showed that the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited by TFL and cisplatin at 24 and 48 h as compared with blank group （P<0.01）， and the half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of TFL on HepG2 cells was （136.7±2.40） mg·L^-1 at 24 h and （106.8±1.11） mg·L^-1 at 48 h. The IC₅₀ of cisplatin on HepG2 cells was （58.48±2.04） mg·L^-1 at 24 h and （5.15±0.56） mg·L^-1 at 48 h. The results of TUNEL assay showed that TFL induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The optimal dose of TFL was 140 mg·L^-1. The results of wound healing test showed that compared with the blank group， the TFL group， TFL+XL019 group， and the TFL+TPI-1 group significantly inhibited the migration of HepG2 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the TFL group， the inhibitory effect of the TFL+XL019 Group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， while that of the TFL+TPI-1 group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The Transwell invasion assay showed that compared with the blank group， the TFL group， TFL+XL019 group， and the TFL+TPI-1 group significantly inhibited the invasion of HepG2 cells （P<0.01）. As compared with the TFL group， the inhibitory effect of the TFL+XL019 group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， while that of the TFL+TPI-1 group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The results of immunofluorescence showed the intervention of TFL up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin， and down-regulated the expression of Vimentin in HepG2 cells， which was stronger in the TFL+XL019 group and weaker in the TFL+TPI-1 group. The results of Western blot showed that compared with the blank group， the TFL group， TFL+XL019 group， and the TFL+TPI-1 group did not affect the expression of JAK2 or STAT3 protein， but significantly decreased the expression levels of phosphorylatied （p）-JAK2 and p-STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the TFL group， the expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in the TFL+XL019 group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while those in the TFL+TPI-1 group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the TFL group significantly increased the expression level of Src-homology domain 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1（SHP-1） with sh2 domain （P<0.01）. ConclusionTFL has the effects of inhibiting the proliferation， promoting apoptosis of HepG2 cells， and reversing the EMT process of HepG2 cells to reduce the migration and invasion， which are presumably related to the activation of SHP-1 by TFL to block JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Background and purpose:The Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention provides annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in Shanghai.This study aimed to investigate the cancer incidence and mortality in 201 7 and their trends from 2002 to 2017 in Shanghai. Methods:Data of new cancer diagnoses and deaths from 2002 to 2017 were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System.Cancer incidence and mortality stratified by year of diagnosis or death,gender and age group were analyzed.Number,proportion,crude rate,age-specific rate,age-standardized rate and others were calculated.The number,proportion and rates of common cancers in different groups were also calculated.Trends in age-standardized rate of incidence and death rates for all cancers combined and for the common cancer types by gender were estimated by joinpoint analysis and characterized by the annual percent change(APC)and average annual percent change(AAPC).Segi's 1960 world standard population was used for calculating age-standardized incidence and mortality. Results:The new cancer cases and deaths were 79 378 and 37 186 in Shanghai in 2017.The crude rate of incidence was 546.55/105,and the age-standardized rate was 246.31/105.The age-standardized rate of incidence was higher among females than among males.The crude rate of mortality was 256.04/1 05,and the age-standardized rate was 88.41/105.The age-standardized rate of mortality was higher among males than among females.The age-specific numbers and rates of incidence and mortality increased with age.The age-specific number and rate of incidence reached the peak at the age groups of 60-64 years and older than 85 years,and those of mortality among males reached the peak at the age groups of 60-64 years and older than 85 years,and those of mortality among females reached the peak at the age groups of older than 85 years,respectively.The sites of top 10 common cancer types sorted by the number of incidence cases among males were lung,colorectum,stomach,prostate,liver,thyroid,pancreas,bladder,kidney and oesophagus,and among females were lung,breast,thyroid,colorectum,stomach,pancreas,liver,brain,central nervous system(CNS),cervix uteri and gallbladder,the sites of those sorted by the number of deaths among males were lung,stomach,colorectum,liver,pancreas,prostate,oesophagus,bladder,lymphoma and gallbladder,among females were lung,colorectum,breast,stomach,pancreas,liver,gallbladder,brain,CNS,ovary and lymphoma.The top 10 common cancer types stratified by gender and the top 5 common cancer types stratified by common age groups merged of incidence and mortality had wide variations.Overall,the age-standardized rates of incidence were stable from 2002 to 2009,and increased 2.88％on average per year from 2009 to 201 7.The age-standardized rates of mortality were stable from 2002 to 2011,and decreased 2.66％on average per year from 2011 to 201 7.The trends differed by gender and cancer type. Conclusion:Lung cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,thyroid cancer,female breast cancer,cervical cancer and male prostate cancer are the most common cancers in Shanghai,the appropriate screening technical scheme should be formulated according to the current situation of malignant tumors in Shanghai,promote cancer opportunistic screening,promote appropriate technologies for intervention and management of cancer patients in the community,reduce the disease burden of malignant tumors.

Objective:To investigate the survival of cancer cases diagnosed during 2002-2013 in Shanghai. Methods:Data on new cancer cases with dead and follow-up information were obtained from the population-based cancer registry and vital statistics system of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Survival indicators stratified by year of diagnosis,gender,site and age were analyzed.Number of cases and proportion were calculated.The observed survival rates were calculated based on the life table.The probabilities of surviving from 0 to 99 years old were estimated according to the Elandt-Johnson model,and then the cumulative expected survival rates were calculated according to the Ederer Ⅱ method.Finally,the relative survival rates and average annual percent changes of their trends were calculated.The age-standardized relative survival rates adjusted by International Cancer Survival Standard weights were calculated. Results:Total 644 520 new cancer cases were diagnosed during 2002-2013 in Shanghai,accounting for 643 545(99.85％)cases included in the observed cohort for survival analysis.The 5-year observed survival rate increased from 37.61％to 46.47％.The 5-year relative survival rate increased from 42.1 8％to 51.11％.The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate increased from 40.57％to 49.80％.Among the 5-year relative survival rates of cases diagnosed during 2011 to 2013,99.43％of thyroid cancer was the highest,followed by female breast cancer(88.35％)and corpus uteri cancer(85.56％);5.87％of pancreas cancer was the lowest,followed by gallbladder cancer(13.64％)and oesophagus cancer(17.72％).the rate of lung cancer with the largest number of cases was 23.59％,followed by colorectal cancer(59.82％)and stomach cancer(38.65％).The 5-year relative survival rate of total cases of all sites increased from 40.55％in 2002 to 52.77％in 2013,with an average annual percent change of 2.40％.13 cancer types showed increasing trends,such as liver cancer and lung cancer,while the trends of other cancer types were not statistically significant,such as pancreatic cancer and gallbladder cancer. Conclusion:The diagnostic levels and survival rates of cancer cases have been improved continuously in Shanghai.The trends of different cancer types were varied.

Objective:To investigate the lung cancer incidence and mortality in 2016 and their trends from 2002 to 2016 in shanghai. Methods:The data of incidence and death on lung cancer in shanghai from 2002 to 2016 were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System.Lung Cancer incidence and mortality stratified by age of diagnosis or death,gender and age-group were analyzed.The number of cases and deaths,proportion,crude rates,age-specific rates,age-standardized rates,corresponding truncated age-standardized rates(35-64 years)and cumulative rates were calculated.Segi's 1960 world standard population was used for calculating age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality as well as truncated age-standardized rates.Trends in age-standardized rates of incidence and death for lung cancer in Shanghai from 2002-2016 were estimated by Joinpoint analysis and characterized by the annual percent change(APC). Results:The new lung cancer cases and deaths were 14 395 and 9 170 in Shanghai in 2016.The crude rate of incidence was 99.41/105,and the age-standardized rate of incidence was 39.76/105.New cases of lung cancer accounted for 19.34％of all malignant tumors in shanghai,ranking the first in the incidence spectrum of malignant tumors.The crude rate of mortality was 63.33/105,and the age-standardized rate was 21.57/105.Deaths of lung cancer accounted for 24.78％of all malignant tumor deaths in shanghai,ranking the first in the mortality spectrum of malignant tumors.The age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality for males were higher than those for females.The age-specific numbers and rates of incidence and mortality increased with age.The age-specific number and rate of incidence reached the peak at the age group of 60-64 years and 80-84 years respectively,and those of mortality peaked at the age group of 80-84 years and older than 85 years respectively.The incidence of lung cancer increased from 33.70/105 in 2002 to 39.76/1 05 in 2016 in Shanghai.Joinpoint analyses showed that the age-standardized rate of lung cancer incidence remained stable from 2002 to 2010(APC=-0.79,t=-1.46,P=0.175)but showed a significant upward trend with an average annual increase rate of 5.12％from 2010 to 2016(APC=5.12,t=6.97,P＜0.001).The standardized mortality showed a downward trend with an average annual decrease rate of 0.87％from 2002 to 2016(APC=-0.87,t=-2.87,P=0.013). Conclusion:The incidence of lung cancer in Shanghai during 2002-2016 presented an upward trend while the mortality of lung cancer showed a gradual downward trend.There are differences in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer among different gender and age groups.