Objective To investigate relationship of immunoglobulin concentrations (IgG,IgA,and IgM)and decrease of serum Mg2+ concentration in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods Sixty patients with sTBI were randomly divided into control group and study group.Intravenous injection of MgSO4 was given to study group.Levels of Mg2+ in serum and immunoglobulin (IgG,IgA,and IgM) in both groups were measured at 1,3,7,and 14 days after injury so as to analyze correlations of serum Mg2+ concentration with each humoral immune indices.Results IgG concentration at days 3 and 7 in study group were (10.79 ± 2.65) g/L and (10.2 1 ± 2.54) g/L respectively,higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).IgM at days 3 and 7 in study group were (1.27 ± 0.32) g/Land (1.31 ± 0.25) g/L respectively,higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Difference of IgA level between the two groups was not significant.Level of Mg2 + was positively related to levels of IgM and IgG,but not to level of IgA.Pathological amelioration at day 14 between the two groups showed insignificant difference.Conclusion Intravenous replenishment of MgSO4 for patients with sTBI at acute phase can improve humoral immunosuppressive state,but can not ameliorate prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the localization of mitral valvular(MV)prolapse by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE),transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)and explore the interrelationship between the different subregions of MV prolapse and mitral regurgitation(MR).Methods Total of thirtythree patients with MV prolapse and more than moderate MR were included.TEE was used to further judge the location of scallop lesions and the result of both TTE and TEE were compared with the surgical findings respectively.The relationship between the different subregions of MV prolapse and MR was analyzed.Results Compared with the surgery findings,the accuracy rate of TTE and TEE in diagnosis of MV prolapse was 100％ qualitatively,80％ for TTE and 94％ for TEE in localizing the diseased region with the anterior and posterior MV,the result of TEE was significantly different from TTE(P＜0.05).MR level was related to the location of MV prolapse.Conclusions Compared with the TTE,TEE had more advantages in localizing the position of the MV prolapse.Mitral regurgitation is related to the location of MV prolapse.

BACKGROUND:The specific mechanism of Gushukang,as a Chinese traditional patent medicine for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis of kidney deficiency and blood stasis,needs further studies. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Gushukang on serum sex hormones,bone microstructure and estrogen receptor in postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS:Firstly,network pharmacological analysis was performed.The active ingredients and action targets of Gushukang and the targets of postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained respectively.Cytoscape was used to construct the active ingredient-target network.STRING database and Cytoscape were used for protein-protein interaction analysis and screening of core targets.DAVID database was used for Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses of intersection targets.Then the ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the animal experiment.Gushukang was administered by gavage for 3 months.The serum estrogen level was detected by ELISA,the bone microstructure was detected by microCT,and the protein expression of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β in bone tiusse was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The network pharmacological research results identified 132 active ingredients and 150 targets of Gushukang and 1155 targets of postmenopausal osteoporosis.After intersections with 1155 postmenopausal osteoporosis targets,87 targets of active ingredients of Gushukang against postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained.By constructing the active ingredient-target network,it was found that the active ingredients at the core were quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,naringin and isorhamnetin,and the targets at the core were NCOA2,ESR2,AR,F2,ESR1 and PTGS1.The final targets obtained after the protein-protein interaction analysis and screening included MAPK8,ESR1,JUN,R3C1,RELA and FOS,of which ESR1 was the common core target obtained from the two analyses.KEGG enrichment analysis showed estrogen,tumor necrosis factor,apoptosis and other signaling pathways.Therefore,animal experiments focused on the effect of Gushukang on different subtypes of estrogen receptors in the estrogen signaling pathway.The results showed that in the Gushukang group,bone microstructure was significantly improved,serum estrogen level had no significant change,but the protein expression of estrogen receptor α and β in bone tissue was significantly increased.All the findings indicate that the mechanism of Gushukang in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis may be related to its hormone-like effect and the enhancement of estrogen receptor expression.