Objective To investigate the association between concentrations of environmental air pollutants and the daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria in Beijing. Methods Time series analysis in combination with distributed lag non?linear model(DLNM)and Spearman′s rank correlation test was used to analyze the association between PM2.5 concentrations and the daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria. All effect estimates were expressed as a risk ratio(RR)for the daily number of outpatient visits with an interquartile range(IQR)increase of 82.8 μg/m3 in PM2.5. Results From January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014, the daily average PM2.5 concentration, temperature, relative humidity and number of visits for urticaria were 89.3 μg/m3, 12.7 ℃, 51.9% and 27.3 respectively. Spearman′s rank correlation test showed that the daily average PM2.5 concentration and number of visits for urticaria were correlated with daily mean temperature(rs =-0.21, 0.36, respectively, P < 0.05)and relative humidity(rs = 0.49, 0.31, respectively, P < 0.05), but no correlation was observed between daily average PM2.5 concentrations and daily number of visits for urticaria(rs=0.01, P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria and daily PM2.5 concentration lagged by 0-14 days(RR=1, 95%CI:0.89, 1.13). After potential confounding factors were adjusted, an 82.8μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 concentration at lag 0-20 days was significantly associated with a 22%(95%CI:3%, 46%)increase in daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria, suggesting that the lagged effect of PM2.5 was obviously increased. Conclusion The association between PM2.5 concentrations and the number of visits for urticaria is easily affected by meteorological factors and biological confounding factors, and relative humidity and mean temperature are both positively correlated with the number of visits for urticaria.

Objective To investigate the association between air pollution and the daily number of outpatient visits for dermatitis in Beijing city, and to evaluate the sensitivity to air pollution in populations of different gender and age. Methods Time-series data on daily outpatient visits for dermatitis between April 2012 and April 2014 were collected from Air Force General Hospital of PLA. The daily average concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide(NO2), and particulate matters(PM2.5, PM10)were obtained from Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, and routine meteorological data (including daily mean temperature, relative humidity and wind speed)were collected from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the association between daily average concentrations of air pollutants and the number of daily outpatient visits for dermatitis. Results In single-pollutant models, an increase of 10 μg/m3 in daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 was associated with the number of outpatient visits for dermatitis with the relative risk being 1.003 1 (95% CI, 1.001 6 - 1.004 5), 1.0025 (95% CI, 1.001 4 - 1.003 7), 1.0057 (95% CI, 1.001 5 - 1.009 9)and 1.009 7 (95% CI, 1.005 6 - 1.013 8)respectively. Similarly, multipollutant models showed that air pollutant concentrations were significantly associated with the daily number of outpatient visits for dermatitis. Distributed lag models showed that the effects of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on daily outpatient visits for dermatitis were mainly observed on the day of exposure, while the effect of SO2 increased along with the increment of lag days. Stratification analysis showed that people aged less than 60 years and females were relatively more sensitive to particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10), while NO2 affected all groups of people at the same degree, and SO2 mainly affected people aged 35 - 60 years. Conclusion Air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 may all increase the risk of dermatitis in Beijing area.

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical value of CT angiography( CTA) in the diagnosis of multiple intracranial aneurysms.Methods The data of CTA and DSA from 74 patients with multiple intracra-nial aneurysms from July 2011 to March 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.Results One hundred seventy-seven aneu-rysms were detected by DSA, and 175 aneurysms were detected by CTA.Among the aneurysms identified by CTA, 4 aneu-rysms were false positive and the correct detection rate of CTA was 96.6%.One hundred sixty-five aneurysms identified by CTA were confirmed by DSA and the correct diagnostic rate of CTA was 96.5%.CTA failed to detect 6 aneurysms and mis-diagnosed 10 aneurysms.Conclusions The correct detection rate and diagnostic rate of CT angiography ( CTA) in multiple intracranial aneurysms is relatively high.But previous surgery, spasm of the vessels, the size and number of aneurysms, radiologists'experience can influence the accuracy of ( CTA) in the diagnosis of multiple intracranial aneurysms, indicating that we should combine CTA with DSA to avoid the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Insomnia is a common disorder in the elderly and seriously affects life quality of the elderly.This article reviews the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly, in order to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) combined with low temperature plasma (LTP) on mouse liver cancer cell.Methods:H22 mouse liver cancer cells were divided into liver cancer group, PEF treatment group, LTP treatment group, combined group A (first PEF treatment immediately after LTP treatment), combined group B (first LTP treatment immediately after PEF treatment), combined group C (same as combined group A, but 20 minutes interval) and combined group D (same as combined group B, but 20 minutes interval). Cell viability was detected by cell counting, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, intracellular reative oxygen species (ROS) was marked by fluorescence and counted. Twenty healthy female Kunming mouse aged 4-6 weeks without specific pathogens were subcutaneous injected with liver cancer cells, and then were randomly divided into model group, PBS control group, PEF experimental group, LTP experimental group and combined group (LTP+ PEF, no interval) ( n=4). Tumor relative volume and tumor inhibition rate were measured. Results:The survival rates were liver cancer cell group (98.3±0.9)%, PEF treatment group (66.8±4.4)%, LTP treatment group (62.1±3.9)%, combined group A (43.7±3.7)%, combined group B (31.0±1.4)%, combined group C (46.8±2.9)%, combined group D (39.0±2.3)%. Compared with liver cancer cell group, the cell survival rate of all treatment groups was decreased, and the cell survival rate of the four combined treatment group was lower than that of PEF treatment group and LTP treatment group, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The survival rate of combined B group was the lowest. The results of apoptosis detection were consistent with those of cell survival rate. Under fluorescence microscope, the ROS fluorescence of cells in the combined group B was significantly increased, and the ROS fluorescence of cells in the LTP treatment group was more than that in the PEF treatment group, and the percentage of ROS positive cells in the combined group B was higher than that in the LTP treatment group and the PEF treatment group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Tumor relative volume and tumor inhibition rate in the combined group were better than those in the PEF and LTP groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:LTP combined with PEF has a better killing effect on H22 cells than PEF or LTP treatment, which is expected to be a new tumor therapy.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.