Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ,ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) ,CT findings and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury .Methods En-zyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect the serum level of GFAP and UCH-L1 in 62 patients with se-vere traumatic brain injury at the time of 12 h and 36 h after the trauma .CT scans of the brain were obtained within 12 h of injury . Outcome was assessed by glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6th month .The relationship between GFAP ,UCH-1 ,CT findings and outcome were analyzed .56 healthy persons were selected as control group .Results The concentrations of serum GFAP and UCH-L1 of patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (P< 0 .05) ;GFAP levels were higher in patients with mass lesions than in those with diffuse injury while UCH-L1 levels were higher in patients with diffuse injury (P< 0 .05) ;the levels of GFAP and UCH-L1 of patients with unfavourable outcome(GOS 1 - 3 scores) were significantly higher than those of patients with favourable outcome(GOS 4 - 5 scores) ,and the concentrations of biomarkers were significantly negatively correlated with outcome . Conclusion Serum levels of GFAP and UCH-L1 are good predictors for severity and outcome in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) .The levels of GFAP and UCH-L1 could reflect different injury pathways which were different in patients with mass lesions and diffuse injury remarkbly .GFAP and UCH-L1 could provide better characterization of subjects for specific types of cellular dam -age than that obtained with CT alone .

Objective To evaluate the influence of gaseous combustion products of the natural gas (NG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and coal on the indoor air quality. Methods The three kinds of domestic fuels were burned in the designed experimental rooms and the concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and formaldehyde in the indoor air were determined according to the standard methods at the same time, the emission characteristics of SO2, NO2, CO in these fuels were analyzed also. Results The emission level of CO was the highest in the four combustion products of all three fuels. According to the average daily usage in general families in China, the emission of CO in the coal combustion was much higher than that in combustion of NG and LPG. The unit emission of CO of the coal for house use could reach 30 136 mg/kg, much higher than LPG(8 725 mg/kg)and NG(2 755 mg/kg). The unit emissions of NO2 of LPG combustion (42.69 mg/kg) was higher than the coal and NG (20.01 mg/kg, 11.87 mg/kg), so in the unventilated rooms it could still make the indoor air quality exceed Chinese indoor air quality standard limits. Conclusion Burn of NG or LPG in the kitchen could also cause indoor air pollution.

Objective To investigate cause and prevention of dysuria after hyperplasia of prostate operation. Methods To analyze 66 cases of dysuria after hyperplasia of prostate operation retrospectively. Result The most common reasons to dysuria are orderly stenosis of bladder neck; inflammatory edema of bladder neck; urethral stricture; rehyperplasia of remained prostate tissue; neruogenic bladder; prominence of ureteral crest; clot obstruction. Conclusion Prevention of dysuria after hyperplasia of prostate operation consists in preoperative satisfied diagnosis and correct treatment in operation and after operation.

Objective To develop a method for determining cyanogen chloride (CNCl) in drinking water. Methods Pyridine-barbituric acid spectrophotometry was employed and some parameters including the pH value of the phosphate buffer, the time of color reaction, temperature, the concentration of chloramine T, the proportion of the phosphate buffer, the proportion of color agent and the maximum absorption wavelength were optimized. The linear range, limit of detection, precision and recovery rate were studied. Results Trace quantity of CNCl obeyed the Law of Beer. In the range of 0-0.1 ?g/ml CN-, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 4, the regression equation was y=0.194x-0.033, the limit of detection was 0.003 ?g/L, the lower limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L, the relative standard deviations were 1.5%-6.2% and the recovery rates were 92.9%-107.1%. Conclusion The method has the characters of accurate, sensitive, simple and rapid, it can be used in monitoring of drinking water quality.

Objective To get knowledge of the indoor air pollution states in the newly renovated apartments in Xi’an city, and explore the relationship among the major pollutants and the relationship between the pollutants and the differences of seasons. Methods From January, 2006 to May, 2007, we randomly selected 138 newly renovated (3 months or less) apartments in the urban area of Xi’an city, tested their indoor (including bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen, bathrooms, study, a total of 597) content of formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene. Results Among which were detected in all of the pollutants, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde own the highest exceeding rates, respectively 69.8% and 60.8%. They are followed by ammonia, whose exceeding rate is 13.2%, xylene which has the highest exceeding rate among the benzene compounds, 8.7%. We did comparative analysis of the concentration in different types of rooms for the pollutants which are among the top four in exceeding rate ranks, and found that only for formaldehyde, there is significant difference in statistics (P

Objective To study the status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of environmental health among urban and rural residents and the influencing factors. Methods Totally,4 607 urban and rural residents from Lanzhou,Taiyuan,Shanghai and Qingdao were recruited and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire from July 3rd to August 10th 2007. In the questionnaire,a certain number of related questions were designed mainly on environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice. The datas were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results The average scores of environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice of urban and rural residents were 4.14?1.30,4.88?0.85 and 4.05?1.11 respectively. The main influencing factors of environmental health knowledge were education background (?=0.220,P

Objective To evaluate the method and result of thyroid artery embolization as a new therapy for Graves disease.Methods Ten patients with Graves disease underwent selective thyroid artery embolization. Totally 25 thyroid arteries were embolized with PVA microspheres. The indications to this therapy were as following: Graves disease with recurrent clinical symptoms or with leucopenia during the period of treating with administration of antithyroid drugs or recurrence after subtotal thyroidectomy. Results Serum level of thyroid hormones dropped significantly [median FT 3 from 20.90pmol/L(13.36～50.92pmol/L) to 7.81pmol/L(3.67～35.3pmol/L), median FT 4 from 57.9pmol/L(30.96～57.9pmol/L) to 28.13pmol/L(20.44～39.60pmol/L), ( P

Objective To observe the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in blood serum after axonal injury in rats and investigate the effects of ciclosporin A (CsA) on it so as to discuss mechanism of CsA protecting neural function. Methods A total of 75 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (Group A with 5 rats), only optic nerve stretch group (Group B with 35 rats) and stretch plus CsA treatment group (Group C with 35 rats). Stretch injury was induced in the right optic nerves of the rats in Group B and C. CsA at 20 mg/L was intraperitonealy injected in Group C immediately after stretch injury. Five animals from both Group B and Group C were killed at 1,3, 6, 12 hours and at days 1,3 and 7 after stretch injury or injection of CsA respectively. Morphological changes of optic nerves and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after stretch injury were examined under light microscope. In the mean- time, expression of IL-1β in the blood serum was observed by means of radioimmunoassay. Results (1) Histopathological observation showed lose of R GCs at day 3 and disarranged nerve fiber at day 7 after stretch injury of optic nerve in Group B, but significant amelioration of corresponding changes in Group C. (2) The expression of IL-1β in blood serum in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A 3, 6, 12 hours and 1 day after injury. The expression of IL-1β reached peak at the 6th hour, then de- creased gradually and returned to the similar level of Group A after 3 days. The expression pattem of IL- 1 β in blood serum of Group C decreased more significantly at 3, 6, 12 hours and 1 day compared with that in Group B but was still higher than that of Group A at 6, 12 hours and 1 day. Conclusions The long-term and excessive expression of IL-1β may be involved in the secondary pathological changes after axonal injury. CsA exerts neuroprotective effect on injured axons mostly by attenuation of inflammation re- action after axonal injury.

Objective To observe the characteristics of electro-neurophysiology in diabetic patients with early peripheral neuropathy. Method The nerve conduction velocity ( NCV ) and quantitative sensory test (QST) were examined in 175 diabetic patients without clinical peripheral neuropathy and in 50 normal subjects, and their results were compared. Results In 175 diabetic patients, the abnormal ratio of NCV was 7% (13/175).While using QST,the abnormal ratio was 45% (79/175). There was significant difference between two methods (P< 0.01). Compared diabetic patients with normal subjects,there was no significant difference between motor conduction velocity and sensory conduction velocity (P > 0.05 ).While using QST, the threshold values of cold sensation, warm sensation, and thermalgesia showed significant difference between diabetic patients and normal subjects (P< 0.01). Conclusion QST is more sensitive than NCV in diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which suggests that small nerve fibers are more likely to be damaged than large fibers in early stage.

Objective To investigate the methods of prevention and treatment of presacral venous plexus bleeding in pelvic operation.Methods The clinical data of 8 cases of presacral venous plexus bleeding in pelvic operation from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed.Results All 8 cases succeeded in controlling bleeding,The amount of bleeding was 1 000-4 000 mL,the average amount is 2 600 mL.Conclusions The key to prevention of presacral venous plexus bleeding was thorough familiar with pelvic anatomy and a dexterous technique of careful dissection.Massive hemorrhage occurred direct electric coagulation hemostasis was available,the method was simple.