Objective To study the status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of environmental health among urban and rural residents and the influencing factors. Methods Totally,4 607 urban and rural residents from Lanzhou,Taiyuan,Shanghai and Qingdao were recruited and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire from July 3rd to August 10th 2007. In the questionnaire,a certain number of related questions were designed mainly on environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice. The datas were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results The average scores of environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice of urban and rural residents were 4.14?1.30,4.88?0.85 and 4.05?1.11 respectively. The main influencing factors of environmental health knowledge were education background (?=0.220,P

Objective: To investigate the association between lifestyle risk factors and comorbidity of chronic diseases among male elderly populations in Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into improvements of lifestyles and prevention of comorbidity of chronic diseases among male elderly populations. Methods: Male residents at ages of 65 years and older that participated in community healthy examinations were sampled from 16 villages (communities) in Oroqen Autonomous Banner using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from July to December, 2020. Participants' demographic data, lifestyle risk factors and disease history were collected using questionnaire surveys, and healthy examinations data were collected through the grassroots healthcare service information system for community health service centers, including waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid. The correlation between lifestyle risk factors and comorbidity of chronic diseases were examined among males at ages of 65 years and older using a multivariable ordered logistic regression model. Results: Totally 761 male elderly populations were included, with a mean age of (73.61±6.74) years. There were 216 participants with central obesity (28.38%), 179 with smoking (23.52%), 194 with alcohol consumption (25.49%), 412 with a low frequency of physical activities (54.14%), 347 with one type of lifestyle risk factor (45.60%) and 268 with two and more types of lifestyle risk factors (35.22%), 404 with hypertension, 170 with diabetes and 321 with dyslipidemia. There were 347 participants with one type of chronic disease (45.60%), 199 with two types of chronic diseases (26.15%) and 50 with three types of chronic diseases (6.57%), and the prevalence of comorbidity of chronic diseases was 32.72% among the participants. Multivariable ordered logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of developing comorbidity of chronic diseases among participants with central obesity (OR=2.442, 95%CI: 1.804-3.307), and a reduced risk of comorbidity of chronic diseases among participants with less than two types of lifestyle risk factors (one type, OR=0.607, 95%CI: 0.451-0.820; none, OR=0.675, 95%CI: 0.460-0.990). Conclusions Central obesity and number of lifestyle risk factors are factors affecting comorbidity of chronic diseases among the male elderly populations at ages of 65 years and older in Oroqen Autonomous Banner.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effects on the morphology of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the adult with the low angle Class II malocclusions before and after orthodontic treatment comparatively. To provide the references for the orthodontic treatment of the adults.

METHODS19 adult patients with low angle Class II malocclusions were chosen and treated with Damon self-ligating braces. The examinations of 16-slice spiral CT were taken before and after the orthodontic treatment. The parameters of skeletal morphology of TMJ were measured in the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. The results were analysed statistically.

RESULTSThe rate of condyles in a center position in the glenoid fossa after the treatment was 52.6%(20/38), and the rate of retrodisplacement was 31.6% (12/38). The position of the condyles before and after the orthodontic treatment had significant differences (P<0.05, chi2=4.41, chi2=5.32). The mean value of the anterior oblique angle of condyle decreased by 2.32 degrees +/- 1.78 degrees after treatment, meanwhile the average height of the condylar head increased by (1.07 +/- 0.29) mm. There were significant differences in both results before and after treatment (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe orthodontic treatment can make the TMJ structures stable and beneficial to relieve the symptoms by moving the condyle forward, increasing the height and reconstructing the anterior oblique angle of condyle on adult patients with low angle Class II malocclusions.

Adult ; Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Mandibular Condyle ; Orthodontics ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between the abnormal phosphorylation sites found in Alzheimer disease (AD) tau and the inhibition of its biological activity.

METHODSUltracentrifugation, chromatography, manual Edman degradation and autosequence techniques were used to prepare and phosphorylate human recombinant tau, isolate and purify 32P tau peptides and determine phosphorylation sites.

RESULTSPhosphorylation of tau by casein kinase 1 (CK-1), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and glycogen synthetase kinase 3 (GSK-3) separately inhibited its biological activity and the inhibition of this activity by (CSK-3 was significantly increased if tau was prephosphorylated by CK-1 or PKA. The most potent inhibition was seen by a combined phosphorylation of tau with PKA and GSK-3. The treatment of tau by PKA and GSK-3 combination induced phosphorylation of tau at Ser-195, Ser-198, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-262, Ser-356, Ser-404, whereas Thr-181, Ser-184, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-400 were phosphorylated by GSK-3 alone under the same condition.

CONCLUSIONPhosphorylation of tau by PKA plus GSK-3 at Thr-205 might play a key role in tau pathology in AD.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Casein Kinases ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microtubules ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; tau Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To study the values of change of diameter (ΔD%)on DCE-MRI and ΔD% combined with ADC for the therapeutic effect evaluation in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)of each subtype of breast cancer.Methods 121 women with invasive breast cancer were enrolled in this study,including 56 cases of Luminal A type,42 cases of Luminal B type,13 cases of Her-2 type and 10 cases of triple negative type.Results Imaging evaluation results obtained by single applying DCE-MRI was analyzed with the pathological results after surgery for the consistency,and the Kappa values of Luminal A,Luminal B,Her-2 and triple negative type were 0.594,0.617,0.401,0.690,0.800,respectively.When combining ΔD% with ΔADC%,the Kappa values were 0.844,0.792,0.854, 0.847 and 0.800,respectively.The sensitivity of combined parameters in evaluating pCR after NAC was significantly increased in Luminal type cancers,however,with a slightly increasing in Her-2 type,and constant in triple negative type.Conclusion ΔD% combining with ΔADC% is better than single parameter in evaluating pCR for Luminal and Her-2 types cancer,but not for triple negative type.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a radiomics model based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in small breast cancer (≤ 20 mm in greatest dimension), and to compare the results with those of an experienced radiologist’s interpretation.Methods:A total of 205 small breast lesions in 192 consecutive female patients from June 2016 to January 2018 at Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, were retrospectively enrolled in the study. All lesions (≤ 20 mm in greatest dimension) were confirmed by surgical pathological results. The lesions were divided into a training set (116 lesions) and an independent test set (89 lesions). Based on preoperative breast DCE-MRI and DWI data, a radiomics model was built using gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT). The GBDT model was applied to the test set for differentiation between malignant and benign small breast lesions. Cases of the test set were also evaluated by an experienced radiologist for benign and malignant diseases differentiation. ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance for the GBDT model and the radiologist evaluation, respectively. Differences in the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were analyzed by the DeLong test. Differences in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were evaluated by the McNemar test. Kappa values were used to assess the agreement between different evaluation methods.Results:The AUC of the GBDT model (0.950) showed no significant difference from that of the radiologist’s evaluation based on DCE-MRI combing DWI data (0.935) ( Z=0.499, P=0.618). However, it showed the AUC of GBDT model was significantly higher than that of evaluation based on DCE-MRI (0.874) or DWI (0.832) alone ( Z=2.024， P=0.043； Z=2.772， P=0.006). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the best cutoff point of GBDT model were 90.0%, 89.8% and 89.9% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of evaluation based on DCE-MRI combined with DWI were 97.5%, 79.6% and 87.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance between the two methods (χ 2=0.800,2.286 and 0.083, P>0.05). Conclusions:A radiomics model based on DCE-MRI and DWI images provided good diagnostic performance in small breast cancer. The results of radiomics were favorably comparable with those of experienced radiologist evaluation based on the combination of DCE-MRI and DWI data.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

ABSTRACT: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with diverse pathological types and complicated clinical manifestations. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), published in 2021, introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in meningiomas. To follow the revision of WHO CNS5, this expert consensus statement was formed jointly by the Group of Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medical Association together with neuropathologists and evidence-based experts. The consensus provides reference points to integrate key biomarkers into stratification and clinical decision making for meningioma patients. REGISTRATION Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy (PREPARE), IPGRP-2022CN234.
Humans ; Meningioma/pathology* ; Consensus ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology*