Objective To explore environmental hazards of childhood leukemia and to determine hazardous suspects on childhood leukemia. Methods Using 1∶2 matched case-control study design,50 patients of leukemia and 100 controls selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical College were investigated during Feb.2005-May 2007. Information was obtained by questionnaires, which included the general social demographic characteristics, disease history, the history of exposure to the materials during the child's mother pregnancy, indoor and outdoor environmental situation and the history of the families. Results The data showed that hazards for childhood leukemia were significantly associated with the history of infection(OR=0.452),diagnostic X-ray exposure (OR=0.157), the history of exposure to the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide during the pregnancy of mother(OR=3.150), the house type(OR=5.162), the nearest distance to the high voltage electricity (OR=2.383) and the radioactive source to the dwelling environment (OR=2.793) were important hazardous factors of the childhood leukemia. Conclusion The history of infection, diagnostic X-ray exposure, the history of exposure to the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide during the pregnancy of mother,the house type, the nearest distance to the high voltage electricity and the radioactive source to the dwelling environment might be the hazardous factors of the childhood leukemia.

Objective To investigate expression changes of Tau protein in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and oligodendrocytes (Ols) after stretch injury in rats and explore the relationship of Tau protein with pathological changes after axonal injury. Methods Morphological changes of optic nerves, RGCs and OLs after stretch injury were examined under light microscope in control group, stretch only group, heat stress only group and heat stress pretreatment plus stretch group. The expressions of Tau protein in RGCs and OLs after heat stress and/or stretch injury were observed by using immunohistechemical stai-ning. Results Pathological changes of axons, RGCs and OLs were identified morphologically or quan-titatively after stretch injury to the optic nerves, which was significantly ameliorated through pretreatment with heat stress plus stretch injury. The expressions of Tau protein in RGCs and OLs were increased in stretch only group. There was no significant expression change of Tau protein in heat stress only group. Expression of Tan protein was obviously decreased in heat stress pretreatment plus stretch group. Con-clusions Both neurons and glial cells are involved in pathological process after axonal injury. The ex-pression changes of Tau protein are probably related to delayed axotomy and neuron apoptosis. Heat stress can relieve the impairment of cystoskeleton through decreasing and delaying the expression of Tau protein.

Objective The correlation and agreement of mycophenolic acid (MPA) plasma concentrations that detected by enzyme extended immunoassay (EMIT) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were studied using Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots.METHODS 435 plasma samples were collected from 95 renal transplant patients who were treated with MPA from October 2014 to December 2015.The MPA plasma concentrations were simultaneously measured by EMIT and HPLC respectively,and the results were divided into two levels.Paired t test and Pearson's correlation were performed using SPSS13.0 to evaluate the relationships between the results in each level.The Bland-Altman plot was used to assess the agreement of the results of two methods.Results Higher concentrations were obtained with EMIT,there was a significant positive bias of EMIT for MPA(20.94％ ±14.42 ％,P＜0.001).Pearson's correlation analysis and Bland-Altman analysis showed that the results from different methods presented good correlation (r＞0.98) and agreement.Conclusion The results of EMIT were higher than that of HPLC.There were good correlation and agreement between the two methods.The differences between EMIT and HPLC suggest that different therapeutic window should be set up when the two methods are used for MPA therapeutic drug monitoring.

BACKGROUND: The strength and elasticity of general starch can be enhanced dramatically after plastic blends. The major characters of this material are magnitude molecular weight, many enwinded points, extreme containment of small molecules,and great gelation ability. It can be used as a biodegradable replacement of alginate. Furthermore, by adding osteoinductive factors, thermoplastics starch (TP) can be used as an organic engineering material, which can provide dual functions:anti-bleeding and bone formation. TP can also be used as intraoral tissue formation membrane and burn dressings.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bio-safety of TP through a cytotoxicity test.DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTING: Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics; Beijing Jishuitan Hospital; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Peking Univesity School of Stomatology.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics from April to October in 2006. TP sample was obtained by plasticization of corn starch (12 wt % water content) with glycerol in a Haake Rhenmix at 110℃ and with 80 rounds per minute for 25 minutes, elongation at break from 115.3% to 245.3%. It was prepared by Beijing Key Laboratory for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymeric Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology. Mouse fibroblast L-929 cell strain was provided by the cell bank of Peking University Health Science Center.METHODS: 1 × 107 L-1 cell aqueous suspension was cultured into leaching liquor ( 50% ), serving for TP group, and routine culture medium served for negative control group. Effect of TP on relative growth rate of L-929 cell strain was quantitatively measured by MTI" assay. The cytotoxicity of TP was evaluated according to GB/T16175-1996. Morphological changes and proliferation of cells were observed after2, 4, and 7 days of culture in the medium through an inverted phase contrast microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cytotoxicity, morphological changes and proliferation of cells, and cell relative growth rate.RESULTS: Cytotoxicity: After 2 and 4 days of incubation, the absorbance (A) value was lower in the TP group than in the negative control group. After 7 days of incubation, the A value was significantly higher compared to negative control group (P＜0.01). It indicated that after 2 and 4 days of incubation, the cytotoxicity in the TP group was larger than in the negative control group, while after 7 days of incubation, it was on the opposite. All the test time, TP's cytotoxicity grade ranged from 0 to 1. Morphological change and proliferation of cells: After 2 days of incubation, both groups of cells were not extended to the outside of the scope, with a majority shape of being round, triangle, and quadrangle in the TP group or fusiform cells in the negative control respectively. Four days later, there were gaps among cells in the TP group, while in the negative control group, there were hardly any distance between cells and some cells piled up. Seven days later, cells in starch medium suddenly grew up to such a degree that all the cells lapped over and presented with more bloom than the negative control. Cell relative growth rate: After 2, 4, and 7 days of incubation, relative growth rate increased with time, being 85.63%,82.22%, and 113.05%, respectively.CONCLUSION: TP has no evidence of cytotoxicity and has good bio-safety.

Objective To evaluate the value of laparoscopic surgery in the diagnosis of suspected gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) cases with uterine mass.Methods The clinical characteristics of patients underwent laparoscopic surgery for a suspected diagnosis of GTN with uterine mass in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2009 to November 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.GTN and other pregnant-related disease were definitely diagnosed by pathological findings.The prognoses of the GTN cases were also investigated.Results Sixty-two patients with a suspected diagnosis of GTN with uterine mass were studied.Among them,17 cases were definitely diagnosed as GTN,including 8 choriocarcinoma,5 invasive mole and 4 placental site trophoblastic tumor(PSTT).The other 45 cases were diagnosed as benign pregnancy-related diseases,including 29 cornual pregnancy,6 cesarean scar pregnancy,5 placenta accreta,4 intramural uterine pregnancy and 1 exaggerated placental site.There were no significantly differences between the two groups in average age,preoperative value or tendency of β-hCG,and location or size of lesions (P＞0.05).More GTN patients showed a history of hydatidiform mole [5/17 vs 4％ (2/45),P＞0.05],and more patients with benign pregnancy-related disease showed a history of cesarean section [38％ (17/45) vs 1/17,P＞0.05].No serious perioperative complication was found in these patients received laparoscopic surgery.All GTN patients achieved complete remission by chemotherapy later.Except for 1 case loss,no recurrence was found in 11 low-risk stage Ⅰ cases with an average follow-up period of 11-66 months,1 high-risk stage Ⅰ case with a follow-up period of 61 months and 4 cases PSTT with a follow-up period of 13-66 months.Conclusions There were some atypical GTN cases with uterine mass,which were difficult to be differentiated from benign pregnancy-related diseases according to the clinical characteristics.Laparoscopic surgery with a pathologic diagnosis could be an essential way with efficiency and safety.

Objective To investigate the standard hemicraniectomy and temporal muscleresection therapeutic in the treatment effect of massive cerebral infarction patients .Methods Looking back at my hospital from February 2006 to October 2012 massive cerebral infarction patients ,30 cases were divided into two groups ,namely simple drug treatment(group A) ,the standard hemicrani-ectomy combined temporal muscleresection treatment (group B) .Followed up two groups of patients and deaths neurological deficit situation after treatment ,compared two groups of patients in hospital mortality and one month after treatment ,neurological impair-ment score .Results After treatment ,the patient midline reply ,mortality ,cure rates three aspects ,group B than the group A .Con-clusion Standard hemicraniectomy combined temporal muscle resection in the treatment can reduce the mortality rate of patients w ith active .

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of endovascular recanalization for non-acute internal carotid artery occlusion (NA-ICAO), and to propose a new angiographic classification.Methods:From April 2015 to October 2019, 95 consecutive patients with symptomatic NA-ICAO who received endovascular recanalization were retrospectively analyzed in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. All the patients were divided into four groups according to DSA: type Ⅰ, petrous segments were distally reconstituted by collateral vessels; type Ⅱ, cavernous segments were distally reconstituted by collateral vessels; type Ⅲ, ophthalmic segments were distally reconstituted by collateral vessels; type Ⅳ, communicating segments were distally reconstituted by collateral vessels. Study data including clinical characteristics, surgical details, lesion classification, recanalization rate and perioperative complications. For the counting data, the χ 2 test was used to compare between groups. For the quantitative data, the ANOVA was used for the normal distribution data, otherwise the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used. The primary safety outcome was any stroke or death within 30 days. Results:Among the 95 patients, 67 (70.53%) had successful recanalization. The recanalization rates of type Ⅰ－Ⅳ were 92.31% (36/39), 81.82% (18/22), 47.83% (11/23) and 18.18% (2/11) respectively (χ2=29.557, P<0.001). And the complication rates of the four types were 5.13% (2/39), 13.64% (3/22), 21.74% (5/23) and 9.10% (1/11) respectively. The incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke was 2.11% (2/95). No other serious stroke and death occurred. Conclusions:Endovascular recanalization may be feasible and safe for carefully selected patients with NA-ICAO and therefore represents an alternative treatment. The patients with type Ⅰ and Ⅱ lesions had higher recanalization rates, while the patients with type Ⅳ lesions had significantly lower recalculation rate. The new angiographic classification is conducive to the selection of suitable patients and difficulty in grading.

Insomnia is a common disorder in the elderly and seriously affects life quality of the elderly.This article reviews the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly, in order to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the quality of Herba Clematidis Intricatae through HPLC multi-index components, chemometrics combined with EW-TOPSIS. Methods:A total of 18 batches of Herba Clematidis Intricatae samples from seven provinces were collected. Contents of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutoside, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol in Herba Clematidis Intricatae were simultaneously determined by HPLC. Chemometrics method was used to comprehensively analyze the content determination results, and the main potential markers affecting the quality of Herba Clematidis Intricatae were analyzed. The quality of Herba Clematidis Intricatae from different origins was evaluated. Results:The eight components showed good linear relationships within their respective ranges ( r≥0.999 1), and accuracy was good ( RSD<2.0%). The chemometrics method showed that 18 batches of Herba Clematidis Intricatae could be clustered into 3 categories, showing certain regional differences. Rutoside, hyperoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were the indicative components affecting the difference of chemical constituents in Herba Clematidis Intricatae; results of EW-TOPSIS method showed that the optimum quality of Herba Clematidis Intricatae from Inner Mongolia and Liaoning, followed by those of Hebei, Shanxi and Shanxi, and lowest in Qinghai and Gansu. Conclusion:The established HPLC method is convenient and accurate, and combined with chemometrics and EW-TOPSIS method can be used for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Herba Clematidis Intricatae.

At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still rampant worldwide.As of September 10, 2021, there were about 222 million confirmed cases of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)and more than 4.6 million deaths worldwide.With the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the gradual vaccination worldwide, the increasing number of cases in children and unvaccinated young people has drawn attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data, the proportion of COVID-19 infection cases in children gradually increased, and the proportion of cases in the age groups of under 5 years and 5-14 years increased from 1.0% and 2.5% in January 2020 to 2.0% and 8.7% in July 2021, respectively.At present, billions of adults have been vaccinated with various COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, and their protective effects including reducing infection and transmission, reducing severe disease and hospitalization, and reducing death, as well as high safety have been confirmed.Canada, the United States, Europe and other countries have approved the emergency COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, and China has also approved the phased vaccination of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. For smooth advancement and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in children, academic institutions, including National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children′s Health, and The Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to reach this consensus on COVID-19 vaccination in children.