Objective To develop a method for determining cyanogen chloride (CNCl) in drinking water. Methods Pyridine-barbituric acid spectrophotometry was employed and some parameters including the pH value of the phosphate buffer, the time of color reaction, temperature, the concentration of chloramine T, the proportion of the phosphate buffer, the proportion of color agent and the maximum absorption wavelength were optimized. The linear range, limit of detection, precision and recovery rate were studied. Results Trace quantity of CNCl obeyed the Law of Beer. In the range of 0-0.1 ?g/ml CN-, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 4, the regression equation was y=0.194x-0.033, the limit of detection was 0.003 ?g/L, the lower limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L, the relative standard deviations were 1.5%-6.2% and the recovery rates were 92.9%-107.1%. Conclusion The method has the characters of accurate, sensitive, simple and rapid, it can be used in monitoring of drinking water quality.

OBJECTIVE:To analysis and identify the liposoluble constituents extracted with supercritical CO 2 fluid ex-traction(SFE)from atractylodes macrocephala by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS).METHODS:Volatile oil was extracted from atractylodes macrocephala,to analsis and identify the chemical components in liposoluble constituents with GC/MS,DB-5MS capillary column was the chromatographic column and helium was carrier gas,the flow rate was 2.0ml/min,and the column temperature was raised from 70℃ to 250℃ at an increasing rate of 10℃/min.EI ion sources were adopted in mass spectra.RESULTS:A total of 19 chromatographic peaks were separated and identified,most of which were unsatu-rated fatty acids and esters,accounting for 96.2% of the total peak area.CONCLUSION:Using GC/MS,the chemical com-position of the liposoluble constituents in atractylodes macrocephala can be analyzed,which provides references for the further exploitation and utilization of atractylodes macrocephala.

As a low-and middle-income country, Cuba has successfully implementedUniversal Health Coverage ( UHC) in the true sense, of which the major health indicators and human development index are relatively high. Moreover, many aspects of Cuba's healthcare system are worth learning from, especially constructing family doctor system, integrating medicine policy into national economic and social development strategies, focusing on drug re-search and development, standardizing high-quality medical education, etc.

Objective To investigate the methods of prevention and treatment of presacral venous plexus bleeding in pelvic operation.Methods The clinical data of 8 cases of presacral venous plexus bleeding in pelvic operation from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed.Results All 8 cases succeeded in controlling bleeding,The amount of bleeding was 1 000-4 000 mL,the average amount is 2 600 mL.Conclusions The key to prevention of presacral venous plexus bleeding was thorough familiar with pelvic anatomy and a dexterous technique of careful dissection.Massive hemorrhage occurred direct electric coagulation hemostasis was available,the method was simple.

Objective:To establish the optimal extraction technology of Xiaoer Yinqiao granules by orthogonal test. Methods:The effects of water amount,extraction duration and extraction times were investigated by orthogonal design using the contents of forsythia-side A and chlorogenic acid as the indices. Results: The optimum extraction process was as follows: adding 8-fold amount of water, and extracting 1. 5 h for the first time, and then adding 6-fold amount of water, extracting 1 h for the second and third time, respective-ly. Conclusion:The extraction technology is simple, reasonable and reliable.

This study was aimed to establish the ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprints of Psoralea corylifolia L. The separation was achieved on a Shim-pack XR-ODS Ⅲ column (50 mm í 2.0 mm, 1.6μm) by gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.2% glacial acetic acid solution as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.1 mL·min-1 and the measurement wavelength was 246 nm. The temperature of the column was 45oC. The results showed that the UHPLC fingerprint of P. corylifolia L. was established and 10 characteristic common peaks were found, among which 6 peaks were recognized by comparing with reference substances. It was concluded that the method was rapid, reliable and reproducible. The established fingerprint can provide references for the study of sub-stance basis and quality control of P. c orylifolia L.

BACKGROUND: It is indicated in the study of recent years that gingko biloba extract (EGB) is a kind of natural cleaner of free radical and it protects the body from the damage induced by free radical and improves cerebral circulatory disturbance and neuronal function. But the experimental or clinical study on the effects of EGB on high neural functional activity, like cognition, is relatively lagged.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the function of EGB on high functional activity in central neural system so as to provide the experimental evidence on clinical application of EGB in treatment of cognitive disturbance.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Geriatrics of Psychiatric Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Department of Pathophysiology in Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Department of Neurology in Union Hospital affiliated to Jinan Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Basic Department of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in June 2002. Forty Wistar rats were employed and randomized into 5groups, named as normal control of aged rats (normal group), model group,EGB 75 mg/kg group, EGB 150 mg/kg group and EGB 500 mg/kg group, 8 rats in each one.METHODS: Scopolamine was used to induce disturbance of learning and memory in aged rats to simulate the model of senile dementia animals. In normal and model groups, physiological saline of same volume was used for gastric perfusion and in every EGB group, EGB of 75, 150 and 500 mg/kg was used for gastric perfusion successively, 50-400 g/time, continuously for 5 days. On the 6th day, water maze and evading-dark-room tests were performed. During the testing, the medical perfusion stopped. The assay methods of behavioral training of learning and memory, such as experiment with water maze and evading-dark-room test, and biochemical assay were used to observe the changes in learning and memory and in acetylcholine (Ach) and protein contents in cerebral hippocampus before and after medication.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Time required in maze test of rats in each group. ② Mistakes in maze test of rats in each group. ③ Time required and mistakes in evading-dark-room test of rats in each group. ④Contents of Ach and protein in cerebral hippocampus of rats in each group.RFSULTS: Except that 1 rat was died without definite reason in EGB 150 mg/kg group and 1 rat was escaped in either EGB 75 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg group during gastric perfusion, terminally, 37 rats entered result analysis.① The time required and mistakes in maze test in every EGB group were less remarkably than model group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The time required and mistakes in maze test in model group were higher remarkably than normal group (P＜0.01). ② In learning of passive escaping in evading-darkroom test, the duration of learning for the rats in EGB 500, 150, 75 mg/kg groups was shorter remarkably than that in model group [(156.78±25.97),(172.66±13.56), (198.54±17.12), (208.34±28.56) s, P ＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01].The mistakes of electric shock in EGB 500, 150, 75 mg/kg groups were less remarkably than model group [(3.41±0.26), (6.97±0.35), (7.23±0.62),(8.38±0.92) times, P＜0.01]. The times of electric shock in EGB 500 mg/kg group was less significantly than 150 mg/kg group (P＜0.01) and that in 150 mg/kg was less remarkably than 75 mg/kg group (P＜0.05). ③ Hippocampal Ach content in modeled rats in EGB 500, 150, 75 mg/kg groups was higher than that in model group [(421.89±36.32), (387.45±32.76),(380.17±41.25), (365.28±11.42) μg/g, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01]. Hippocampal Ach content in 500 mg/kg group was higher significantly than 150 and 75 mg/kg groups (P＜0.01). In addition, compared with normal group,protein content in hippocampus in rats with disturbance of learning and memory induced by scopolamine in model group was reduced significantly [(41.75±3.82), (95.13±6.34) mg/kg, P ＜ 0.01]. After administrated with EGB,even though the protein content in hippocampus was increased in experimental rats after modeling, the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: EGB improves significantly learning and memory in experimental animal in dose-dependence and increases significantly Ach content in hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the measures to improve the newborn hearing screening quality.Methods835 cases of neonates using distortion product otoacoustic emissions for hearing screening,after first,second and third hearing screening,the final 5 cases failed,diagnosed by ABR screening hearing handicap in 3 cases.Experience constantly was summed up during screening process to improve screening quality.Results835 newborns were screened.The rate of failing to hearing screening was 0.60％,the rate of hearing impairment diagnosed by ABR was 0.36％,and the positive proportion of hearing screening was 0.24％.ConclusionOur experience during screening progress is to take some measures to improve the newborn hearing screening quality,with reducing false positives and avoiding false negatives,by choosing screening time,cleaning external ear and electric-otoscopy examination,environmental noise control,updating test procedures according to the physiology and development of the newborns,testing calibration instruments of otoacoustic emissions hearing screening,selecting suitable earplug,probe with correct plsce,and combining acoustic impedance examination,with a long term follow-up of listening in high risk neonates with passing screening.

OBJECTIVE:To study the infuence of mixed decoction of Cortex Phellodendri,Radix Glycyrrhizae and Ramu?lus Loranthi on extraction rate of berberine.METHODS:The extraction amount from Cortex Phellodendri,Radix Glycyrrhizae and Ramulus Loranthi mixed decoction was determined by HPLC.The HPLC conditions were:Hypersil BDS C 18 column;mobile phase,acetonitrile-33mmol/L KH 2 PO 4 -triethylamine(20∶72∶0.1);detecting wavelength,345nm;column temperature25℃;flow fate1.0ml/min.RESULTS:Decoction of Cortex Phellodendri,Radix Glycyrrhizae and Ramulus Loranthi in combi?nation obviously decreased the extraction rate of berberine.CONCLUSION:Cortex Phellodendri should be extracted separately in formulating extract technic for preparations containing above-mentioned herbs.

Objective To evaluate the short?term functional outcome of Multiloc Proximal Humeral Nails (PHN) in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures, by retrospectively reviewing the function and complications of our institutional experi?ence. Methods 15 patients were treated operatively for displaced proximal humeral fractures using the Multiloc PHN. Fractures were classified according to Neer's classification. Male 4 cases, female 11 cases, with a mean age 63.7 years (58-73 years), and the mean follow?up was 5.2 months (3-10 months). A number of parameters including patient demographics, mechanism of injury, operative time, time to union and complications were recorded. Functional outcome was evaluated using the rating scale of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Constant Score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Results 15 patients completed the follow?up more than 3 months, the operation time was 145.3minutes (70-200 min), the blood loss was 189.3ml (50-310 ml). The union rate was 100%(mean time to union: 2.5 months). The ASES score was 83.1 and Constant Score was 81.7 , while the VAS was 1.7. The Constant score 87 (85, 92) and ASES 90 (83.5, 100) were higher for 5 cases without calcar screw than those of the other 10 cases using the calcar screw whose Constant 83 (77, 90), ASES 85 (73, 95). The average Constant score 88 (78, 92) and ASES score 91.5 (75, 100) were higher in 7 cases with 1 screw?in?screw than those with more than 2 screw?in?screw in 8 cases whose Constant 80.5 (74, 88.5), ASES 81.8 (73, 92.5). There were no complications such as hardware failure, protruded screws, infection, nonunion, avascular necrosis of humeral head or impingement syndrome, but 1 patient suffered from elbow stiff?ness (complication rate:6.7%). Conclusion The Multiloc proximal humeral nail is an effective implant for stabilisation of dis?placed proximal humeral fracture with a good short?term functional outcome. Its advantages are short operation time, small inci?sion, less trauma, less blood supply and less complications. The shoulder pain history and or with intraoperative findings of rotator cuff injuries, may have a negative impact on the prognosis.