OBJECTIVE:To study the contents changes of polysaccharide and 5-HMF in Polygonati rhizoma from different pro-ducing areas after different processing,and provide reference for the development of processing technology of Polygonati rhizoma from different producing areas and the quality standard of different processing products. METHODS:UV spectrophotometry and HPLC were conducted to respectively determine the contents of polysaccharide and 5-HMF,and compare the content differences of polysaccharide and 5-HMF in Polygonati rhizoma from different producing areas [Shaanxi Lueyang County,Shaanxi Huangling County,Yunnan Fumin County (genuine producing areas),Shaanxi Taibai County] by fresh-cutting,dry-cutting,steaming and steaming with wine. RESULTS:Polysaccharide of sample from Yunnan Fumin County showed the highest content in fresh-cut sam-ples(13.4%),no 5-HMF(0)was detected;polysaccharide contents were respectively 10.8%-13.4%,8.9%-10.8%,5.5%-6.9%, 5.6%-6.5% after fresh-cut,dry-cut,steamed and steamed with wine,5-HMF contents were 0,0,0.21%-0.50%,0.25%-0.72%. Compared with no processing samples (fresh-cut),polysaccharide contents in Polygonati rhizoma were decreased in turn after dry-cut,steamed and steamed with wine,5-HMF contents were increased in turn after steamed and steamed with wine. CONCLU-SIONS:It is suggested to consider origin factor in developing processing technology of Polygonati rhizoma from genuine and non-genuine producing areas. 5-HMF content determination index should be added into quality standard of processing products after steamed and steamed with wine.

Objective To explore and compare the clinical efficacy of levetiracetam tablets and compound sodium valproate sustained release tablets in the treatment of children and adolescents with epilepsy.Methods From April 2017 to April 2018,80 children and adolescents with epilepsy treated in Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou were selected as study objects,and they were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots,with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was given levetiracetam tablets,and the control group was treated with valproate.The improvement of EEG after therapy,the total effective rate,and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed and evaluated.Results The EEG improvement rates after treatment for 6 months in the observation group and control group were 41.17％,45.71％,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.508,P ＞0.05).The EEG improvement rates after treatment for 9 months in the observation group and control group were 70.58％,74.28％,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.225,P ＞ 0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 92.50％,which was 95.00％ in the control group,the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (x2 =0.354,P ＞ 0.05).However,the incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group(22.50％) was significantly lower than that of the control group(45.00％)(x2 =6.864,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both levetiracetam tablets and compound sodium valproate sustained release tablets have appreciable efficacy and safety in the treatment of epilepsy in children and adolescents,but levetiracetam therapy has less adverse reactions,which deserves further promotion in monotherapy of epilepsy in children and adolescents.

ObjectiveAn out-thoracic paraaortic counterpulsation device(PACD) developed in the Reseach Center of our hospital was evaluated for its hemodynamic effects in an animal model with induced acute heart failure.MethodsEight healthy adult sheep with a weight of 38.5 to 54.5 kg were used as models for acute heart failure by snaring branches of coronary arteries.Thoracotomy was performed through the space under the left 4th rib.A Satinski clamp was used for partially clamping the descending aorta, and the Dacron vascular graft of out-thoracic PACD was sutured end-to-side to the descending aorta.The out-thoracic PACD used in this study had a blood chamber that was separated from the gas chamber by a movable polyurethane membrane .A stroke volume of 60 ml could be pumped when it was fully inflated.A 4F multipurpose catheter was inserted through the left ventricular apex for measuring and recording left ventricular pressures.A standard 40-ml intraaortic balloon was inserted into the descending aorta via the surgically exposed left femoral artery.Baseline hemodynamic data were collected after the model for acute heart failure was created without mechanical support.Mechanical support was randomly initiated either by the IABP or by the out-thoracic PACD in each experimental phase.Both devices were driven by the same console and synchronization with electrocardiogram was performed.Hemodynamic indexes and left carotid artery flow were calculated at baseline (device off) and during the period of 1 : 2 support for the 60-ml out-thoracic PACD and 40-ml IABP in the same animal.Baseline and support modes for devices were maintained for 15 minutes individually to ensure that a steady-state was achieved.ResultsBoth out-thoracic PACD and IABP resulted in a increase in the cardiac output (17.79％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.13.46％ with IABP, P =0.803) and the mean diastolic aortic pressure (29.48％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.15.01％ with IABP, P = 0.001).The use of out-thoracic PACD also led to a greater reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (35.09％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.15.79％ with IABP, P = 0.004).Meanwhile the out-thoracic PACD increased left carotid artery flow (14.52％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.6.70％ with IABP, P =0.006).No evidence of hemolysis, thrombus formation or major organ injury was identified during the experiment.ConclusionThe study indicated that a 60-ml out-thoracic PACD, which providing an improved mechanical circulatory support, was superior to a 40-ml IABP in the setting of experimental acute heart failure.This device may be used as a desirable alternative for the long-term mechanical support in patients with severe heart failure or those waiting for a heart transplantation, owing to its properties of low cost,easily to be implanted and removed, as well as a high biocompatibility.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of synthetic MRI methods in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:Clinical and imaging data of 93 breast patients confirmed by pathology in the Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from May 2019 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent synthetic MRI technique, and the quantitative parameters of T 1, T 2, and proton density (PD) values were measured. Independent samples t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the differences in clinical and imaging characteristics between the benign and malignant breast lesions. ROC curve was used for the comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of the quantitative parameters in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions. Results:Of the 93 patients with breast lesions, 62 cases were malignant and 31 cases were benign. The quantitative T 2 values for benign and malignant lesions were 103 (93, 126)ms and 83 (77, 90)ms respectively, and the quantitative PD values were 87.7 (72.7, 96.7)pu and 73.5(63.3, 79.4)pu respectively. There were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant lesion( P<0.05). Taking quantitative T 2 values of 90.5 ms and PD values of 84.8 pu as the cut-off value, the area under the ROC curve in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions were 0.87 and 0.75, accuracy values were 80.6% and 78.5%, specificity values were 87.1% and 54.8%, sensitivity values were 77.4% and 90.3% respectively. Conclusion:Synthetic MRI methods can be applied in the examination of breast lesions and has the potential to be an effective diagnostic method for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions of breast.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of reducing mAs on image quality when different target/filter combinations are used in digital mammography.Methods:In different target/filter combinations, based on the mAs of automatic exposure control(AEC), the reduction of mAs by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively were used to expose the phantom with 4.4 cm thickness. The contrast to noise ratio(CNR), signal to noise ratio(SNR), figure of merit(FOM)and average glandular dose(AGD) of the resulting image were calculated. While the image quality was ensured, the optimal mAs and the corresponding AGD under the two target/filter combination were conducted by calculating the FOM. The image features of three tissues of phantom were subjectively evaluated, and the relationship between the calculated AGD and displayed AGD was compared. The mAs that meets the image quality requirements is corresponded with the density exposure gear, and the average values of the mAs for two method were calculated and compared.Results:In two targets/filters combinations, the displayed AGD was less than the calculated AGD, and Mo/Mo was underestimated by 22.5% to 23.7%. The calculated and displayed AGD values were statistically different ( F=4 982.86, 5 555.48, P<0.05). W/Rh was underestimated by 13.1% to 14.2%. The calculated and displayed AGD values were statistically different ( F=18 859.09, 15 973.55, P<0.05). In the Mo/Mo combination, when the mAs was reduced by 20%, the FOM could be increased by 9.6% for the maximum value, and the calculated AGD was decreased by 18.8%. In the W/Rh combination, when the mAs was reduced by 10%, the FOM was increased by 5.1% for the maximum value, and the calculated AGD was decreased by 11.9%. While the image quality was ensured, the mAs was reduced by 30% for evaluating simulated fibers, and by 20% for evaluating simulated specks in the two targets/filter combinations. For evaluating simulated masses, Mo/Mo combination reduced the mAs by 40%, and the W/Rh combination reduced the mAs by 30%. And the image quality scores in above were not significantly different from those in AEC method ( P>0.05). The density exposure gear(-1 to -3) could correspond with the reduced mAs(10%-30%). Conclusions:Under different target/filter combination, the tube mAs could be reduced when the image quality was ensured.