Objective To carry out the risk assessment on health effects of viruses in reused wastewater in city.Methods During May-November in2002,the concentration of total coliform and fecal coliform in water sample s collected from waste water after secondary treatment of wastewater treatment plant and reused waste water treated by conventional wastewater-reuse technical process in Xian Baishiqiao Wastewater Treatmen t Center were determined,and the hypothesis testing on the normal distribution of monitoring data was carried out.Meanwhile the removal efficacy of coliform in wastewater with chlorine disinfection was ob-served.The beta-Possion model,the model for evaluating the infection probability of pathogenic microorganism in drinking water,and Monte Carlo simulated method were used for the risk assessment on health effects of viruses in reused wastewater in city.Re sults The monitoring data on concentrations of fecal coliform in water samples collected from secondarily treated wastewater and reused wastewater showed log-normal distribution.The removal efficacies of coliform from wastewater were4log at condi-tions of7mg /L chlorine and20-minute contact time,and5log at conditions of15mg /L chlorine and20-minutes-contact time.The means of annual risk value of health effects of viruses in reused wastewater were1.21?10 -6 for the reuse of wastewater in greening and4.31?10 -8 for the reuse in irrigation of farmland respectively,the highest risk values for these two reuse methods were all below10 -4 ,the acceptable annual risk value for drinking water ruled by Surface Water Treatment Rules published by USEPA.The probability of annual risk value

In addition to Routine Remedy for Angina Pectoris for all the patients. Refined Xue Fu Capsules and Xue Fu Capsules were prescribed for the first group (N = 30) and the second group (N = 34). The third group (N = 27) received only routine remedy as control in this single - blinded clinical trial. The total effective rate in these three groups were 96. 6%, 73. 5% and 70. 4%. The effect in the first group was significantly higher than the rest two groups (P

Objective To establish the improved MPN quantitative detection method of Salmonella in treated wastewater.Methods The filtration method and improved MPN method were adopted to quantitatively detect Salmonella in treated wastewater.In the filtration method,separation effect of Salmonella was investigated by using three selective agar which including XLD,HE and BS,respectively.It was established that the improved MPN method in which PCR was used instead of the biochemical tests and serological identification to identify Salmonella.In the improved MPN method,the enrichment effect was researched by using SC,MM and TTB enriched broth in different time and temperature.Results In the filtration method,the Salmonella could not be counted accurately by the three kinds of selective agar.In the improved MPN method the optimized enrichment effect was determined as using MM enriched broth at 42℃ for 24 hours.Conclusion The improved MPN method is accurate,sensitive,quick and applicable to the quantitative detection of Salmonella in treated wastewater.

Objective To explore the correlation of high-risk type HPV infection with mycoplasma,chlamydia infection in sterile female patients.Methods The cervical specimens from 524 sterile female patients in northwest area were performed the laboratory detection of high-risk type HPV,mycoplasma and chlamydia.The correlation among these 3 kinds of pathogen was analyzed.Results In 524 sterile female patients,the sequence of the infection rate of 3 kinds of pathogen from high to low was mycoplasma,high-risk type HPV and chlamydia.The positive rate of high-risk type HPV in the patients with simple mycoplasma positive,simple chlamydia positive and double positive of mycoplasma and chlamydia was significantly higher than that in the patients with myco-plasma and chlamydia negative,the difference had statistical significance(P <0.05).Conclusion Certain correlation exists between the high-risk type HPV infection with mycoplasma and the chlamydia infection in sterile female patients.So it is suggested that in the pathogenic microbiological detection,such patients in clinic need to simultaneously perform the high-risk type HPV detection in addition to completing the laboratory detection of mycoplasma and chlamydia.

BACKGROUND:Central nerve damage and peripheral nerve injury are common clinical problems that have no ideal treatment. Nerve growth factor has an important role in neuronal repairing and growth. But its local injections may have shorts of inactivation and loss. OBJECTIVE:To construct human nerve growth factor beta recombinant plasmids, which are transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the rabbit mandible by lentiviral vectors, and to investigate the bioactivity of human nerve growth factor beta. METHODS:pDC316-hNGFβ-mCMV-EGFP plasmids were constructed via lentiviral vectors using Hind III+Not I digestion. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the rabbit mandible were isolated and cultured, and then transfected by recombinant plasmids. The expression of human nerve growth factor beta in transfected cells was detected by ELISA method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:pDC316-hNGFβ-mCMV-EGFP plasmids were proved to be constructed successful y by gene sequencing and enzyme identification. The transfected cells under a fluorescence microscope emitted green fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity had no change with incubation time. The expression of human nerve growth factor beta was maintained at a level of 25μg/L at 7 days after celltransfection, and the bioacitivty was increased significnalty.

Objective To explore the methods and results of the application of formative assessment in gynecology and obstetrics nursing teaching.Methods In the gynecology and obstetrics nursing teaching practice,556 undergraduate students in Grade 2011 were set as experimental group while 339 students in Grade 2010 as control group.Based on the teaching syllabus,in the experimental group,traditional lecture and bilingual teaching method were applied in theory courses and PBL or PBL combined with Scene simulation were applied in practice lessons.And after the teaching,formative assessment was applied in the experimental group,which included setting up small study groups and learning files,giving evaluation to students' participation in class activities,written assignments,operation exams,attendance to classes and their in-class test results.In the evaluation of a student,the results of formative assessment took a proportion of 50％ and the final exam result took the other half.While in the control group,traditional summative assessment was applied,namely,results of the final exams were the terminal results of students.Results Gynecology and obstetrics nursing got the first prize in the Final-term Assessment of Teaching Efficiency of the Nursing School.When comparing the results of the final exam of the students in the experimental group and the control group,there was statistically difference(P=0.000),and 86％ of the students in the experimental group were in favor of formative assessment.Conclusion When applied in gynecology and obstetrics nursing teaching in undergraduate students,formative assessment can help teachers adjust teaching methods to improve the effectiveness of teaching; it can also make students more motivated in learning and help students form good learning habits and improve their learning strategies,which can improve students' comprehensive quality.

Aim To investigate the effect of salidroside on the phenotypic expression of osteoblast and the possible molecular mechanism in hypoxia environment.Methods MTT, Annexin V/PI double staining, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay and enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay(ELISA) were performed respectively to detect the effect of salidroside on regulating phenotypic expression of MG-63 cells exposed to hypoxia.Then RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted to detect the expression levels of Osterix and Runx2 which were related to differentiation.At last, we investigated the expression levels of components of the HIF-1α pathway by RT-PCR,Western blot and ELISA, respectively.Immunofluorescence confocal microscope technology and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α.Results Salidroside could markedly promote MG-63 cell proliferation, inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis, stimulate cell differentiation and promote expression levels of components of the HIF-1α pathway in hypoxia environment.Conclusion Salidroside could regulate phenotypic expression of MG-63 cells through HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in hypoxia environment.

AIM: To study the suppressive effect of c hu ankezhi (CKZ) injection, a Chinese medicine, on murine allergic contact dermatit is (type IV hypersensitivity). METHODS: Mice were divided into 6 groups according to different medicine treatments: CKZ high, middle, low dose ( CKZⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ) groups, dexamethasone(DEX), benadryl and saline groups. Murine alle rgic contact dermatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2, 4-dinitro fluorobenzene. Different medicines were administrated at 2 h before sensitizatio n on day 0 and day 1, day 2, 2 h before elicitation and 6 h after on day 5. The six experimental groups were compared according to left ear thickness difference (S1), left ear weight difference (S2), body weight difference (S3) and dermal i nflammatory infiltration cell number. RESULTS: Compared with saline group, the left ear swelling and d ermal inflammatory infiltration cell number were significantly reduced in CKZⅠ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ and DEX groups (P

AIM: To explore the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on the allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) stimulated by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and its effects on the proliferation of the lymphocytes. METHODS: ① An ACD mouse model was established by stimulation with DNFB, and then the mice were injected intraperitoneally with different dosages of OMT, PBS and hydrocortisone (HCT) respectively, the swelling degree of their auricles was examined. ② Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) dye and flow cytometer were used to examine the fluorescence intensity changes of lymphocytes stimulated by polyclonal stimulator ConA and OMT. RESULTS: ① compared with PBS group, OMT possessed the strong inhibitory effect on the ACD caused by DNFB in a dose-dependent manner, and its inhibitory effect was equivalent to the HCT of the same dosage with fewer side effects. ② In vitro experiments proved that OMT (500, 125 and 31 mg/L) had the ability to restrain the proliferation of lymphocytes of mouse. CONCLUSION: OMT possesses an inhibitory effect on the ACD induced by DNFB, and OMT is a kind of immunosuppressor.

Objective to establish an ethical assessment system in the admittance of the limitative medical technologies.Method:literature review and Delphi method are employed to adjust and set the structure,index numbers,and index weights of ethical assessment system of the limitative medical technologies.Result:An ethical assessment system in the admittance of the limitative medical technologies was established,which included 3 primary indices,11 secondary indices and 35 tertiary indices.There were 4 qualitative levels with different weights in tertiary indices,based on which the global grade and proposed-admittance criterion were obtained.Conclusion:Establishment of ethical assessment system in the admittance of the limitative medical technologies provides an ethical evidence for the assessment of clinical admittance of the limitative medical technologies with qualitative and quantitative approaches and class-setting evidence.