Objective Kallikrein 4(KLK4) is a glycosylated,chymotrypsin-like serine protease.KLK4 was first isolated from developing enamel by Japanese scientists,later it was discovered that was expressed in the normal and cancerous tissues.Its main function is to play a role in process of the protein hydrosis,resulting in a normal devel-oping or abnormal pathological changes of the organization.This article reviewed the structure,expression,functions, related disease of KLK4 and other aspects.

Objective To investigate the benefit finding for caregivers of patients with cancer and its influencing factors. Methods Totally 330 couples of cancer patients and caregivers were investigated from October 2014 to September 2015 by convenience sampling method. The cancer patients were investigated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The caregivers of cancer patients were investigated with Benefit Finding Scale, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Results The total score of benefit finding was (59.65 ± 11.12) points. Regression analysis indicated that caregivers' education, religious, informational and emotional support, caregiver burden, patients' depression symptom, cancer stage and self-caring were influencing factors of benefit finding for caregivers (t=-3.689-5.913, P<0.01 or 0.05), which explained 30.0% of the variance. Conclusions The caregivers of patients with cancer have a low level of benefit finding. Oriented by influencing factors of benefit finding, the health workers should enhance targeted interventions, promote positive perception in the process of caring, develop the quality of caring and life.

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC method to determine the carnosic acid in the stomach and intestine of rats and study its tissue distribution characteristics.

METHODAfter intragastric administration of carnosic acid (90 mg x kg(-1)), rats for each time-point were sacrificed by decapitation. After removal of the blood, various tissues were rapidly removed and weighted, all tissues were treated with a series of pretreatment before HPLC. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) protected by an ODS guard column at 25 degrees C, using acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (55:45) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The wavelength of the UV detector was set at 210 nm for carnosic acid and internal standard.

RESULTGood linearities were obtained in every tissue over a range of 0.3212-160.6 mg x L(-1). The recovery, intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of three concentrations of carnosic acid in tissues met the requirements of methodology. And the stability of the tissue samples were also validated. The results of distribution in stomach and intestine showed that the highest concentration was (307.1 +/- 119.2) microg x g(-1) in stomach and (33.32 +/- 17.70) microg x g(-1) in intestine after intragastric administration of carnosic acid.

CONCLUSIONThe HPLC method was established to determine the concentration of carnosic acid in tissues. This method is quick, precise, and reproducible. It is the first time to study the tissue distribution of carnosic acid in rats after intragastric administration.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacokinetics ; Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Linear Models ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution

Objective:To investigate the effects of insulin glargine administration by jet injection versus conventional insulin pen on glucose profile using professional mode flash glucose monitoring(FGM) system in type 2 diabetic patients with poor glucose control.Methods:In this randomized, controlled, crossover study, 40 patients with T2DM who treated with insulin glargine were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into group A(jet injector-conventional pen, n=20) and group B(conventional pen-jet injector, n=20). Each patient wore FreeStyle Libre sensor from day 4 to day 17. The specialist nurse instructed patients how to master the injection techniques. Professional FGM system was applied to assess glucose profile. Results:The fasting blood glucose(FBG) of the enrolled patients was(9.37±1.84) mmol/L. In contrast to conventional insulin pen, treatment with the jet injector significantly decreased the 24h MBG [(9.06±2.13 vs 9.98±2.67) mmol/L, P=0.001], MaxBG [(16.69±3.01 vs 17.95±3.48) mmol/L, P=0.001], AUC>10 mmol/L [95.93(21.12, 129.02) vs 142.66( 27.88, 198.46), P=0.002], TAR(31.10±21.89 vs 39.49±25.93, P=0.003), MAGE and SDBG. It was observed that patients using jet injector had significant increased TIR(65.94±20.47 vs 58.32±25.00, P=0.001). There were no difference in the risk of hypoglycaemia between two groups. Conclusion:Insulin jet injector was more effective than the insulin pen on glycaemic control and glucose fluctuation without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled glycemia.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and effect of influenza vaccination among some elderly population and their cognition of influenza vaccination in Shenzhen Pingshan district， and to provide reference for improving the vaccination willingness of the elderly population. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the status quo of influenza vaccination among some elderly populations in Pingshan district； the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influential factors of influenza vaccination； the serum antibody levels of the elderly population were analyzed before and after influenza vaccination. RESULTS Totally 140 effective survey question naires were collected from elderly. The elderly who participated in the survey had a better cognition of the main transmission mode of the influenza virus， 122 people answered correctly， and the accuracy was 87.1%. Age， knowledge that influenza vaccine should be given once a year and knowledge of Shenzhen’s free vaccination policy were the promoting factors for influenza vaccination behavior among the elderly. The positive rates of the four influenza antibodies （type A H1， type A H3， type B Victoria， type B Yamagata） after inoculation were higher than before inoculation， with statistical significance. The antibody titer levels after vaccination were generally higher than before. CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of antibody testing and antibody titer in the elderly population after influenza vaccination are higher than before， which effectively protects the health of the elderly population. It is necessary to continuously improve the awareness of the elderly population about influenza vaccination and free vaccination policies.