Chronic HBV infection may not only cause liver damage , but also lead to renal injury . HBV-related kidney injuries mainly include ( 1 ) HBV-associated glomerulonephritis , ( 2 ) hepatorenal syndrome, and (3) kidney injuries caused by long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy.This paper mainly reviews the pathogenesis and therapeutic principle of HBV-related kidney injuries , so as to provide the foundation for clinical management .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the continuation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following transportation to the emergency department in a Chinese hospital after unsuccessful emergency medical services (EMS) CPR. Methods From January 2002 to December 2007, emergency records of non-traumatic patients who were transported to a tertiary teaching hospital after unsuccessful EMS CPR were reviewed. Results Eigty-five patients were included, and 13 patients (15%) accomplished restoration of spontaneous circulation in our emergency department. Resuscitative possibility reached zero at around 23 minutes. One patient was discharged with a favourable neurologic outcome. Conclusions This study shows that the continuation of CPR is not futile and may improve outcomes. The outcomes should be re-evaluatad in the future when prehospital information can be combined with in-hospital information.

Objective To summarize the experience of l ap aroscopic pyloromyotomy for the treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric sten osis (IHPS). Methods Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was employed i n 50 cases of IHPS from April 2001 to April 2004. The patients aged 12~90 days ( mean, 35 days). Three 3-mm-diameter trocars were introduced into the abdominal c avity via the left, right and upper abdominal wall, respectively. A non-traumati c grasping forceps was inserted through the left trocar to manipulate the gastri c wall near the pylorus. Through the right trocar, a retractable pyloromyotomy s calpel, a stripper and a dissecting forceps were in turn utilized to complete py loromyotomy. Results The operation was completed under laparos cope in 48 cases, while a conversion to open surgery was needed in 2 cases (1 c ase of prepyloric membrane and 1 case of pyloric mucosal injury, which were cure d by open repair). The operative time was 15~45 min (mean, 25 min). The nasogast ric tube was removed and oral feeding with milk was attempted 6 hours after the operation. The patients were discharged at 3~5 postoperative days. Follow-up for 3~6 months (mean, 4.5 months) in 42 cases showed that the patients were normall y developed. Conclusions Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy can be wel l performed in the presence of experience in open surgery, technical skills in l aparoscopy, effective anesthesia and proper surgical instruments.

Objective To summarize the value of laparoscopic operation using an ultrasonic scalpel for the radical treatment of Hischsprung’s disease (HD) in infants and children. Methods Laparoscopic operation was performed in 20 infants and children with HD under general anesthesia from February 2003 to January 2006. The CO_2 pressure of pneumoperitoneum was set at 10~12 mm Hg. By way of three abdominal ports, the diseased colon and rectum were mobilized by dissecting the supplying vessels and severing the peritoneal reflection in the pelvic floor. The modified Soave pull-through procedure was employed to incise and mobilize the rectal mucosa at 0.5 cm above the dentate line. The lateral ligament of rectum was severed and the intraabdominal cavity was reached through the peritoneal reflection. The diseased colon was pulled through the anus passing the level of the transition zone for resection. Then coloanal anastomosis was made between the proximal colon and the cutting edge of the anal canal above the dentate line. Results All the procedures were completed smoothly. The operation time was 120~210 min (mean, 132 min). The length of resected colon was 20~55 cm (mean, 35 cm). The intraoperative blood loss was 5~20 ml (mean, 14 ml), with no need of blood transfusion. Enterocolitis happened in 2 cases postoperatively. Follow-up observations in the 20 cases for 3~36 months (mean, 12.5 months) found no complications. The patients had 1~2 times of fecal discharge per day during follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic pull-through procedure using an ultrasonic surgical scalpel has advantages of minimal invasion, little hemorrhage, simple performance, quick recovery, and low complication rate.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of two-port laparoscopy-assisted resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum in children. Methods Resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum was performed under a laparoscope in 13 children in our hospital from July 2002 to March 2006. Two 5-mm trocars were introduced at the infraumbilical ring and the right lower abdomen, respectively. When the Meckel’s diverticulum was found, the incision was prolonged to 2 cm long along the inferior border of the umbilicus, the diverticulum was removed externally and the intestine was anastomosed. Results The operation was completed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time was 50 min (range, 40-70). The intestinal function of the patients recovered 24 hours after the operation, and then liquid food was given at 3 days postoperatively, and the patients was discharged from hospital within 5-7 days after the operation. The patients were followed up for 6-48 months (mean, 13), during which no one had recurrence, intestinal adhesion, or intestinal obstruction. Conclusions Two-port laparoscopy-assisted resection of Meckel’s diverticulum is safe and feasible for children. The recovery time and hospital stay are short after the procedure.

0.05).Compared to OA group,the patients in the LA group had shorters periods of absolute diet and hospital stay(P=0.000,P=0.000).Conclusions LA has less influence on the humoral immunity and protein metabolism in children.Meanwhile the procedure is minimally invasive,patients recover quickly and are discharged earlier after the operation.

Objective To study the effects of artesunate(ART)on estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and its mechanisms.Methods Treated with ART for 3 days,MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation was examined by MTT assay.The morphological and uhrastructural changes of MDA-MB-231 cells were observed under microscope and electronic microscope.Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bax,mn23,Bcl-2,and P21 WAFl/CIPl.Results ART treatment led to a dose dependent inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells.ART could change the morphology and ultrastructure of MDA-MB-231 cens.After treatment with ART(2μmol/L)for 72 hours,immunocytochemical staining showed that the expression of Bax,nm23,and P21WAF1/CIP1 was upregulated in comparison to the control group(P<0.05)while the expression of Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells didn't have a significant change(P>0.05).Conclusions ART shows an anti-proliferative effect on MDA-MB-231 cells.The mechanisms may be related to upregnlation of Bax,nm23 and P21WAF1/CIP1 expression.

BACKGROUND: The sucrose is an ideal material for auxiliary support and mold fil ing that is suitable for application in the medical field with three-dimensional (3D) printing. In China, there are many studies about the 3D printing with sucrose, but the accuracy and porosity of the stent are stil unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the technological parameters of the sucrose scaffold by 3D printing technology. METHODS: From the perspective of physical and chemical properties, the sucrose viscosity and thermal decomposition with the change of temperature were analyzed. Based on the pneumatic controlled FDM technology, the mature sucrose scaffold was obtained by researching the match of temperature and pressure, layer setting, as wel as the match of speed and pressure. Then the scaffold was demarcated with microscope, and the porosity was measured by immersion in absolute ethyl alcohol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sucrose was completely melted at 180 oC, with the biggest liquidity. When the temperature was over 195 oC, the caramel reaction occurred. As the temperature increased, the sucrose viscosity decreased. The optimal molding parameters of the sucrose scaffold with pneumatic control-based 3D printing were 170 oC-0.2 MPa-12 mm/s (temperature-pressure-printing speed). The line width and mean porosity of the wel -shaped sucrose scaffold were 700 μm and 81.893%, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of body weight on the induction of mild hypothermia in a rabbit model of asphyxia cardiac arrest. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into two groups: the ice bag group and the intravenous 4℃ saline group. Cardiac arrest was induced and after 3 minutes of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun. Simultaneously, mild hypothermia was induced by putting an ice bag over the abdomen or infusion of 4℃ saline via an ear vein. A 2℃ decrease of rectal temperature was considered as the completion of hypothermia induction. Induction times were recorded, compared, and analyzed with respect to body weight. Results All rabbits had restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and ROSC lasted during the experiment. Induction time in the ice bag group was significantly shorter than that in the intravenous 4℃ saline group (22.8±4.7 min VS 42.5±4.0 min, P< 0.001). Induction time significantly correlated with body weight in the ice bag group (Pearson Correlation: r = 0.725, P = 0.029), but not in the intravenous 4℃ saline group (Pearson Correlation: P = 0.418). Conclusions In a rabbit model, induction of mild hypothermia with an ice bag is faster than with intravenous 4℃ saline; induction time positively correlates with body weight when an ice bag is used, but not when intravenous 4℃ saline used. The effect of body weight should be considered when choosing an appropriate method to achieve early induction of mild hypothermia.

Objective To observe the short-term clinical efficacy of modified transanal Soave surgery on infants with hirschsprung′s disease (HD) in initial radial resection, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods 132 HD infants were selected. After initial radial resection with modified transanal , Soave surgery was conducted under general or sacral anesthesia. Postoperative antibiotics were routinely given. Results 19-56 cm intestinal canal samples were excised, with average length of (35.07 ± 3.15) cm. The average surgical duration and intra-operative hemorrhagic volume were (120.48 ± 18.34) min and verage was (45.74 ± 8.14) mL. All infants′ gastrointestinal function was recovered in 24 h postoperatively. The total excellent and effective rate of anal function in 6 months was 90.90% postoperatively. Cox modal multivariate analysis suggested that anastomotic orifice stenosis and enteritis were the two factors that greatly influenced the excellent and effective rate of anal function 6 months after the surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion The modified transanal Soave surgery has small trauma and low complication rate on HD infants in initial radial resection , and the postoperative enteritis and anastomotic orifice stenosis are independent influencing factors for the short-term efficacy.