Chronic HBV infection may not only cause liver damage , but also lead to renal injury . HBV-related kidney injuries mainly include ( 1 ) HBV-associated glomerulonephritis , ( 2 ) hepatorenal syndrome, and (3) kidney injuries caused by long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy.This paper mainly reviews the pathogenesis and therapeutic principle of HBV-related kidney injuries , so as to provide the foundation for clinical management .

BACKGROUND: The sucrose is an ideal material for auxiliary support and mold fil ing that is suitable for application in the medical field with three-dimensional (3D) printing. In China, there are many studies about the 3D printing with sucrose, but the accuracy and porosity of the stent are stil unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the technological parameters of the sucrose scaffold by 3D printing technology. METHODS: From the perspective of physical and chemical properties, the sucrose viscosity and thermal decomposition with the change of temperature were analyzed. Based on the pneumatic controlled FDM technology, the mature sucrose scaffold was obtained by researching the match of temperature and pressure, layer setting, as wel as the match of speed and pressure. Then the scaffold was demarcated with microscope, and the porosity was measured by immersion in absolute ethyl alcohol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sucrose was completely melted at 180 oC, with the biggest liquidity. When the temperature was over 195 oC, the caramel reaction occurred. As the temperature increased, the sucrose viscosity decreased. The optimal molding parameters of the sucrose scaffold with pneumatic control-based 3D printing were 170 oC-0.2 MPa-12 mm/s (temperature-pressure-printing speed). The line width and mean porosity of the wel -shaped sucrose scaffold were 700 μm and 81.893%, respectively.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the continuation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following transportation to the emergency department in a Chinese hospital after unsuccessful emergency medical services (EMS) CPR. Methods From January 2002 to December 2007, emergency records of non-traumatic patients who were transported to a tertiary teaching hospital after unsuccessful EMS CPR were reviewed. Results Eigty-five patients were included, and 13 patients (15%) accomplished restoration of spontaneous circulation in our emergency department. Resuscitative possibility reached zero at around 23 minutes. One patient was discharged with a favourable neurologic outcome. Conclusions This study shows that the continuation of CPR is not futile and may improve outcomes. The outcomes should be re-evaluatad in the future when prehospital information can be combined with in-hospital information.

Objective To study the effects of artesunate(ART)on estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and its mechanisms.Methods Treated with ART for 3 days,MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation was examined by MTT assay.The morphological and uhrastructural changes of MDA-MB-231 cells were observed under microscope and electronic microscope.Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bax,mn23,Bcl-2,and P21 WAFl/CIPl.Results ART treatment led to a dose dependent inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells.ART could change the morphology and ultrastructure of MDA-MB-231 cens.After treatment with ART(2μmol/L)for 72 hours,immunocytochemical staining showed that the expression of Bax,nm23,and P21WAF1/CIP1 was upregulated in comparison to the control group(P<0.05)while the expression of Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells didn't have a significant change(P>0.05).Conclusions ART shows an anti-proliferative effect on MDA-MB-231 cells.The mechanisms may be related to upregnlation of Bax,nm23 and P21WAF1/CIP1 expression.

0.05).Compared to OA group,the patients in the LA group had shorters periods of absolute diet and hospital stay(P=0.000,P=0.000).Conclusions LA has less influence on the humoral immunity and protein metabolism in children.Meanwhile the procedure is minimally invasive,patients recover quickly and are discharged earlier after the operation.

Objective To summarize the value of laparoscopic operation using an ultrasonic scalpel for the radical treatment of Hischsprung’s disease (HD) in infants and children. Methods Laparoscopic operation was performed in 20 infants and children with HD under general anesthesia from February 2003 to January 2006. The CO_2 pressure of pneumoperitoneum was set at 10~12 mm Hg. By way of three abdominal ports, the diseased colon and rectum were mobilized by dissecting the supplying vessels and severing the peritoneal reflection in the pelvic floor. The modified Soave pull-through procedure was employed to incise and mobilize the rectal mucosa at 0.5 cm above the dentate line. The lateral ligament of rectum was severed and the intraabdominal cavity was reached through the peritoneal reflection. The diseased colon was pulled through the anus passing the level of the transition zone for resection. Then coloanal anastomosis was made between the proximal colon and the cutting edge of the anal canal above the dentate line. Results All the procedures were completed smoothly. The operation time was 120~210 min (mean, 132 min). The length of resected colon was 20~55 cm (mean, 35 cm). The intraoperative blood loss was 5~20 ml (mean, 14 ml), with no need of blood transfusion. Enterocolitis happened in 2 cases postoperatively. Follow-up observations in the 20 cases for 3~36 months (mean, 12.5 months) found no complications. The patients had 1~2 times of fecal discharge per day during follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic pull-through procedure using an ultrasonic surgical scalpel has advantages of minimal invasion, little hemorrhage, simple performance, quick recovery, and low complication rate.

Objective To summarize the experience of l ap aroscopic pyloromyotomy for the treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric sten osis (IHPS). Methods Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was employed i n 50 cases of IHPS from April 2001 to April 2004. The patients aged 12~90 days ( mean, 35 days). Three 3-mm-diameter trocars were introduced into the abdominal c avity via the left, right and upper abdominal wall, respectively. A non-traumati c grasping forceps was inserted through the left trocar to manipulate the gastri c wall near the pylorus. Through the right trocar, a retractable pyloromyotomy s calpel, a stripper and a dissecting forceps were in turn utilized to complete py loromyotomy. Results The operation was completed under laparos cope in 48 cases, while a conversion to open surgery was needed in 2 cases (1 c ase of prepyloric membrane and 1 case of pyloric mucosal injury, which were cure d by open repair). The operative time was 15~45 min (mean, 25 min). The nasogast ric tube was removed and oral feeding with milk was attempted 6 hours after the operation. The patients were discharged at 3~5 postoperative days. Follow-up for 3~6 months (mean, 4.5 months) in 42 cases showed that the patients were normall y developed. Conclusions Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy can be wel l performed in the presence of experience in open surgery, technical skills in l aparoscopy, effective anesthesia and proper surgical instruments.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of two-port laparoscopy-assisted resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum in children. Methods Resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum was performed under a laparoscope in 13 children in our hospital from July 2002 to March 2006. Two 5-mm trocars were introduced at the infraumbilical ring and the right lower abdomen, respectively. When the Meckel’s diverticulum was found, the incision was prolonged to 2 cm long along the inferior border of the umbilicus, the diverticulum was removed externally and the intestine was anastomosed. Results The operation was completed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time was 50 min (range, 40-70). The intestinal function of the patients recovered 24 hours after the operation, and then liquid food was given at 3 days postoperatively, and the patients was discharged from hospital within 5-7 days after the operation. The patients were followed up for 6-48 months (mean, 13), during which no one had recurrence, intestinal adhesion, or intestinal obstruction. Conclusions Two-port laparoscopy-assisted resection of Meckel’s diverticulum is safe and feasible for children. The recovery time and hospital stay are short after the procedure.

Objective To assess the efficacy of itopride on treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) overlapping constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS). Methods Patients who met criteria for FD and FD overlapping C-IBS were randomly assigned into FD treatment group (group A), FD control group (group B), FD overlapping C-IBS treatment group (group C) and FD overlapping C-IBS control group (group D). The patients in group A and group C received 100 mg of itopride 3 times daily for 8 weeks. Dyspeptic symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety and constipation, were evaluated before and after treatment. Ultrasonic monitoring of gastric emptying function was performed in group A and group C before and two weeks after treatment.ResultsThe symptoms of FD were relieved in both group A and group C (P<0.05), while better results were shown in group C. The significant improvement of constipation was seen in group A and group C. Besides, after medication, gastric emptying was improved in group A and group C in comparison with group B and group D. Conclusion Itopride is an effective therapeutic option in the treatmentping of patients with overlapping of FD and C-IBS.

Objective We want to study the therapeutic efficiency of autologous ADMSC transplantation in myocardial infarction.And we try to find out a good way to improve the therapeutic efficiency by using the combination of gene therapy and cell therapy.Anti-apoptotic protein XIAP was selected to fight against the ischemic environment of myocardic infaction.Methods ADMSC was isolated from rat inguinal fat tissue.ADMSC was cultivated with DMEM.XIAP experession plasmid was elertco-transduced to ADMSC.The anti-apototic function of XIAP was tested by serum stavation induced apotosis.The method of ligation of the left anterior descending artery was used to prepare the Myocardial infarction model.Then rats were randomly separated into three groups to receive direct epicardial injections of normal saline,or ADMSCs cell suspension or XIAP modified ADMSCs cell suspension at five sites in central zones of myocardial infarction and border zone.Cardiac function and the infarct size were evaluated 4 weeks after ADMSCs transplantation.Results West blotting suggest that,XIAP over-expression block serum starvation induced apotosis.It showed that there are significant statistic difference among XIAP modified ADMSC transplantation group,ADMSC transplantation group and control group 4 weeks after myocardial infarction (P ＜ 0.05).Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) showed a significant improvement in ADMSCs transplantation group compared to control group (P ＜0.05).Left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVDs) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVDd) of ADMSCs group were smaller than control group(P ＜ 0.05).The area of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced in the ADMSCs transplantation group compared to the saline group(P ＜0.05).Compared to ADMSCs transplantation group,effect of the XIAP modified ADMSC in rats with myocardial infarction is more obvious.The reduction of LVEF of XIAP modified ADMSCs group was signific antly lower(9％) than the ADMSCs group(16％) (P ＜ 0.01).Infarction area in XIAP modified ADMSCs group(3.26 ±0.95)％ was smaller than ADMSCs group(5.17 ±2.03)％ (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Autologus ADMSC transplantation is an efficient therapeutic tool in myocardial infarction therapy.Over expression of XIAP can partly inhibit lowserum induced apotosis of ADMSC in vitro,and it can improve left ventricular function better in vivo.Over expression XIAP of ADMSC can improve the therapeutic efficiency compare to ADMSC transplantation.