Objective: To reconstruct 3D shape of upper edentulous jaw f or the design of a digital model of palatal metal plate of upper complete dentur e. Methods: Standard edentulous jaw models were measured with a numerical controlled miller and a new data collection system by cutting and sca nning layer-by-layer, the 3D shape of the models was reconstructed by image pr ocessing with special software. Based on these data, a palatal metal plate of u pper complete denture was designed by using SURFACER softerware.Results: Data of upper edentulous jaw models and a palatal metal plate of upper c omplete denture were obtained.The error between basal surface of the plate base and uper endentulous jaw was 0.0245 ?0.0267 mm. Conclusion:E dentulous jaw can be reconstructed by three-dimensional measurement, the design ed palatal metal plate of upper complete denture will be helpful to the further Laser Solid Forming.

Objective: To obtain the data of the surfaces of stand ar d posterior teeth crowns with an improved measurement system, so as to lay the f oundation for fabrication of dental prosthesis with computer aided design and la ser solid forming technology. Methods: Standard posterior teeth models were measured with a numerical controlled miller and a new data col lection system by cutting and scanning layer by layer, and the 3 dimension (3 D) shape of the models was reconstructed by image processing with a special soft ware. Results: Data of image profile and 3D shape of sixte en posterior teeth crowns were obtained. Precise configuration was acquired.Conclusion: Data of image profile can be easily and clearly ob tained by the improved measurement system with no measuring blind spot.

Objective:To investigate the microstructure and mechanical property of titanium parts made by laser solid forming technology. Methods: Titanium parts were made by laser solid forming technology; microstructure and elements were observed by SEM and spectrum analysis. The mechanical property of laser formed titanium and TA2 titanium were measured by Omnipotent testing machine. Results: The microstructure of titanium parts fabricated by laser rapid forming has columnar crystals with regular and epitaxial growth. The inner structure is dense and acicular structure distributed uniform at all field with width about 3-4 ?m; No obvious impurity elements were observed; the tensile-strength and yield strength of titanium parts is obviously superior to the standard of TA2. Conclusion: The microstructure of titanium parts made by laser solid forming can be obviously improved and mechanics performance was greatly improved. Those titanium parts may be used for dental restoration.

Objectives:To explore the effects of love resources and the lovers'resources equivalence on their romantic relationship quality.Methods:A sample of 203 pairs of lovers from 5 provinces and municipalities were selected(aged from 15 to 29).They were assessed with the Evaluation Form of Love Resources for Individual(EFL-RI)and the Scale of Relationship Perception Index for Unmarried People(RPUS)for the evaluation of the relation-ship between the love resource equivalence and the romantic relationship quality.The EFLRI was used to quantify the 12 individual love resources (the appearance of individual,stature,sexual health,health,personality,mental health,sense of responsibility,capacity,professional/occupation,education background,earning and family back-ground).The results included self-evaluation and peer-evaluation.Results:Self-assessment of responsibility between lovers and D-value of mental health were negatively correlated with the reported RPUS scores of both sides (r =-0.20 --0.33,Ps <0.05).The D-values of earning and family background were positively correlated with the re-ported RPUS scores of both sides (r =0.14 -0.25,Ps <0.05).Lovers'peer-evaluation of sexual health scores and the D-values of responsibility were negatively correlated with the reported RPUS scores of both sides (r =-0.25 --0.38,Ps <0.01.The D-values of professional/occupation and family background were positively correlated with the reported RPUS scores of males (r =0.20,0.18,Ps <0.05).Love resources(responsibility,sexual health,educa-tion background of males;appearance,personality,capacity of females )had positive predictability to males'repor-ted RPUS scores (β=0.14 -0.34),love resources(responsibility,appearance,personality,capacity,health of males and health,education background of females )had positive predictability to females'reported RPUS scores (β=0.14 -0.27).Conclusion:It suggests that the equivalence of responsibility resource has a positive influence for the quality of love relationship.The equivalence of family background resource has a negative effect for the quality of love relationship.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)aiming at the structure gene g6341,versus PCR fingerprinting analysis in the genotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans MethodsEight reference strains and 68 clinical and environmental isolates of C.neoformans were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and PCR fingerprinfing.In PCR fingerprinting,the minisatel lite-specific core sequence of wild-type phage M13 was used as a single primer.The structure gene g6341 was selected for PCR-RFLP analysis by sequence alignments of multiple genes,a pair of pnmers were developed based on the conserved region of g6341 gene.PCR products were digested with the appropriate restriction endonucleases,and RFLP profiles were analyzed.Partial sequence analysis of g6341 gene was performed for different genotypes of C.Neoformans.Phylogenetic analysis was done to study the relatedness between these genotypes.Results As sequence homology analysis showed,g6341 gene was suitable for RFLP analysis.In the case of enotyping of 76 C. Neoformans strains,the results obtained from PCR-RFLP were consistent with those from PCR fingerprinting.Sequence analysis of g6341 gene revealed a homology of 84%-97%among the eight genotypes as well as a consistency of 99%-100%within a same genotype.In the phylogenetic tree,genotypes VNⅠ,VNⅡ,VNⅢand VNⅣ belonged to one cluster,and genotypes VGⅠ,VGⅡ,VGⅢ and VGⅣ to another cluster.Conclusions PCR-RFLP analysis aiming at the structure gene g6341 is a useful tool to genotype C.neoformans.Sequence analysis of g6341 gene can disclose the relatedness among different molecular types of C.neoformans.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology of clinical cryptococcal isolates from China by analyzing the constituents and distributions of the varieties,genotypes and mating types (MAT)of them.Methods (1)PCR fingerprinting and PCR amplification were performed by using the minisatellite-specific core sequence of wild-type phage M13 as single primer.Genotypes of the 110 cryptococcal isolates from China were assigned by comparison with the reference strains of the 8 major molecular types loaded on gel.(2)Identification of the varieties and mating types was carried out by PCR using the specific primers of the varieties and mating types.Results Of the 110 clinical cryptococcal isolates,strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii with genetype VNⅠ and mating type MATα were the most representative ones(89.1%)followed by strains of C.neoformans var.gattii(8.2%)including isolates of genotype VG I,mating type MATα(7.3%)and genotype VGⅡ,mating type MATα(0.9%);AD hybrids with the genotype VNⅢ,mating type MAT-/α and genotype VN Ⅲ,mating type MATα/-(1.8%);and isolate of C.neoformans var.neoformans with the genotype VNⅣ and mating type MATa(0.9%).Conclusion Of the clinical isolates from China,all three varieties and AD hybrids are found.The vast majority(>99%) of strains possess the α allele in MAT locus and most of them are C.neoformans vat.grubii with the genotype VN I,which accord with the data of most studies of clinical molecular epidemiology in other geographic areas.However.no genotype of VNⅡ.VGⅢ and VGⅣ isolates are found in this study.

Objective To assess the subgenotypes of pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii isolates from China and to elucidate the epidemiological links between these domestic isolates and those from other parts of the world. Methods DNA was extracted from 9 clinical isolates of Ctyptococcus gattii from China. The partially variable regions of the three unlinked loci, namely IGS1, PLB1 and GEF1, were amplified and sequenced, and the bioinformation at these loci was obtained from GenBank for multi-locus sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Results Of these 9 clinical isolates, 8 were genotype VG Ⅰ and mating type α with the same sequences at the tested regions as the reference strain WM276, which was a representative isolate of an independent subgenotype; 1 was of genotype VG Ⅱ and mating type α, which was the first report in China, with the tested sequences consistent with those of the referrence strain R272. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GEF1 gene, which was located at mating type locus, successfully identified the genotypes and mating types of all the Cryptococcus gattii isolates involved here. Conclusions Multi-locus sequence analysis shows that causative Cryptococcus gattii isolates of genotype VG Ⅰ in China carry similar sequences at the tested loci in IGS1, PLB1 and GEF1 genes, to a widely distributed subgenotype in the world, and the sequences of the first VG Ⅱ genotype isolate from China resemble the less virulent subgenotype VG Ⅱ b found in Vancouver islands.

Objective To identify the AD hybrid strains and its hybrid types within Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods Difierent hybrid types of AD strains were analyzed by PCR 0f STE20 and MF genes within MAT locus and CIA4 and GPal genes out of MAT locus.The PCR-RFLP analysis of g6341 gene was also performed.Results The mating types of 18 AD strains were precisely identified by PCR of STE20 gene,whereas those of H strain were not identified.CL44 gene was better than the GPal gene in PCR identification of the AD hybrids.In the RFLP analysis of g6341 gene,AD strains were grouped into 2 distinct RFLP patterns based on the mating type on serotype A allele.The mating types of AD strains were not identified by the molecular analyses based on the CL44,GPal and g6341 genes.Conclusion It is necessary to use multi-locus analyses of genes within and out of the MAT locus in precise identification of the AD strains and their hybrid types of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Objective To evaluate the role of Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in detection of the fragment of GEF1α/a gene which are both located at ct and a mating type loci in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex(Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii). Methods The GEF1α/a gene was selected from 20 genes which both located at α and a mating type loci for RFLP analysis, according to the requirements of sequence similarities and primer design in PCR-RFLP analysis. Primer pair was designed from the conserved regions of GEF1α/a genes of distinct genotypes and mating types of reference strains to amplify a fragment of GEF1α/a gene from Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii strains tested. Sequence alignment,restriction maps analysis, endonucleases selection and electrophoresis stimulation were conducted by using DNAMAN and Vector NTI software. EeoT14 Ⅰ and Hap Ⅱ endonucleases were selected for RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragments amplified from 125 isolates of Cryptococcns neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Results An approximate 1 300 bp fragment was amplified from total 82 Cryptococcus neoformans and 43 Cryptoceccus gattii isolates. However, negative PCR results were found in the reference strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krnsei,Candida glabrata, Trichosporon asahii, Aspergillus fumigatns and Aspergillus flavus. RFLP analysis successfully identified the species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of total 125 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii tested in this study. Condusion PCR-RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragment has the potential value in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococeus neoformans species complex simultaneously and rapidly, and may be a useful tool in molecular epidemiological analysis.

An adolescent patient,in the peak of growth and development,with severe skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary impacted canines was treated by removable and fixed appliances in the upper and lower dental arches.After treatment,the crossbite was relieved,the facial contour was improved,the integrity of the denture was kept and the Class Ⅰ molar relationship was achieved.