Encouraging voluntary donation of citizens' organ is the best institutional solution for the severe shortage of organ transplantation.The policy incentives should allow donors to rescind their donation of their organ anytime before the organ is removed from their body.As long as the donor does not commit subjective offence,he/she shall be released from any legal responsibilities.This arrangement is highly significant legally and practically.

Objective To evaluate the construction of scFv-psm-ETA immunotoxin and to study its antitumor effect on human prostate cancer cells. Methods The genes encoding the heavy and light chain Fv regions of the monoclonal murine antibody Ed-5,which recognizes prostate specific membrane antigen on the surface of human prostate cell,were cloned by PCR technique and were used to generate single-chain immunotoxins containing Pseudomonas exotoxin A(ETA).The light and heavy chains were connected by a flexible linker to form a single-chain antigen-binding protein,which was in turn fused to truncated forms of ETA.The resulting plasmid,pSW200-psm,was transformed intoE.coli CC118 and the recombinant immunotoxins,scFv-psm-ETA,were expressed and purified to near homogeneity.The cell killing activity and in vivo antitumor activity of scFv-psm-ETA were tested using human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Results scFv-psm-ETA was shown to be cytotoxic specifically to 80% of LNCaP cells,which expressed the PSM on their surface at a dose up to 100 ng/ml.In athymic nude mice, administration of the scFv-psm-ETA inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells LNCaP.The size of the tumors was 153 mm3 and 272 mm3,respectively, in treatment group and control group (P

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a significant threat on health in elderly people.Many traditional Chinese herbs and their prescriptions show fairly good effect in treatment of AD.We review the results on treatment of AD from three aspects of AD' s pathogenesis, in which the natural herbs were mainly used, and present the way to the problem to be solved.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the EtOAC soluble fraction from Urtica fissa with obviously anti-inflammatory and analygestic effect. Methods The compounds were isolated by polyamide and silical gel colum chromatography and identified by UV, IR, NMR, and MS. Results Twelve compounds were isolated from U. fissa and identined as quercetin (Ⅰ), kaempferol (Ⅱ), kaempferol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅲ), quercetin-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅳ), caffeic acid (Ⅴ), chlorogenic acid (Ⅵ), scopolin (Ⅶ), scopoletin (Ⅷ), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Ⅸ), quercetin-7-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅹ), isorhamnetin-3-O-?-D-rutinoside (Ⅺ), ?-sitosterol ( ⅩⅡ ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅺ are all isolated from U. fissa for the first time and compounds Ⅶ, Ⅹ, and Ⅺ are found in plants of Urtica L. for the first time also.

In 2008,the Ministry of Health,UNAIDS and the World Health Organization held a press conference,stating that sexual transmission had become a major route of transmission in China.Epidemiological research has shown that circumcision can be efficacious for males in reducing their risk of HIV acquisition via heterosexual activity.This article analyzes male circumcision as a HIV/AIDS prevention strategy from medical,public health and ethical perspectives.

Parkinson's disease is a kind of familiar diseases troubling old people in China.It's recognized internationally that DBS is the best method to control Parkinson's disease.This paper designs a kind of DBS without internal electrical source,which can greatly decrease the treatment cost for Parkinson's disease.The structure,circuit philosophy and experiments on rats are also mentioned.

Objective To determine the detection rate of duodenal papilla and the diagnostic rate of small bowel diseases by capsule endoscopy(CE)and its possible influencing factors.Methods A total of 369 cases with suspected small bowel disease who had undergone CE were retrospectively reviewed. The de- tection rate of duodenal papilla and that of small bowel disease were calculated respectively. The detection rate of duodenal papilla in another 369 patients having received gastroscopy was also counted in order to findout the miss detection rate of forward-viewing endoscopy. The CE findings were reviewed at the rate of 1 im-age and 15 images per second by hand-motion respectively. The detection rate of duodenal papilla was calcu-lated,and the number of frames showing duodenal papilla was counted. Differences of detection rate of duo-denal papilla were also analyzed by different age and gender groups. In addition,the potential difference in detection rate of duodenal papilla between different bowel preparations before CE of two different reviewing approaches was also investigated respectively. Results The miss detection rate of duodenal papilla with for-ward-viewing gastroscopy was 22. 0%. The detection rate of duodenal papilla reviewed at the rate of 1 image by hand-motion,where less frames were needed to visualize duodenal papilla(3. 7vs7. 0),was significantly higher than that at the rate of 15 images per second(32. 2%vs13. 6%,P=0. 001). The diagnostic rate of small bowel diseases was also significantly higher than that of duodenal papilla by CE(67. 2%vs32. 2%,P=0. 000). Age and gender were not significantly correlated with the detection rate of duodenal papilla. No significant correlation was found between various kinds of bowel preparation before CE at different viewing rate and the detection rate of duodenal papilla. Conclusion It iS relatively difficult to identify duodenal pa- pilla by CE,as they are peculiarly positioned in anatomy,so the detection of duodenal papilla does not nec- essarily represent the detection rate of small bowel diseases. The major factors that influencing the detection of duodenal papilla by CE include local anatomy,viewing rate and technical limitations of CE.

Objective To compare the efficacies and indications of locking compression plate (LCP) and external fixator plus Kirschner wires in treatment of complex intra-articular fracture of the dis-tal radius. Methods Ninety-eight patients with complex intra-articular fractures of the distal radius were treated with volar LCP or external fixator plus Kirschner wires, the efficacies of which were evaluated by comparing the grasping force and wrist function of the patients. Results All the patients were fol-lowed up for an average of 12.4 months, which showed fracture healing in all the patients. According to the wrist function assessment system of New York Orthopedic Hospital (1990), there was no statistical difference in the efficacy of LCP and external f'lxator plus Kirschner wires in treatment of types C1 or C2 fractures (P > 0.05), while the efficacy of external fixator plus Kirschner wires was significantly superior to that of LCP in treating type C3 fracture (P < 0.05). Conclusions For types C1 or C2 intra-articu-lar fractures of the distal radius, the efficacies of LCP and external fixator plus Kirschner wires are simi-lar, while the efficacy of external fixator plus Kirschner wires is superior to that of LCP in treating type C3 intra-articular fracture of the distal radius.

Objective To explore the role of microRNA-206 (miR-206) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in infantile bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Methods Thirty-five cases of infantile bronchiolitis and 25 cases of healthy controls were enrolled into the current study.PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of both healthy subjects and those with infantile bronchiolitis in the acute and the convalescent stages.Total RNAs were extracted from PBMCs which were stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and Ionomycin, and then the RNA was transcribed reversely into cDNA.The expressions of miR-206 and Kruppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method.Plasma interleukin-17 (IL-17) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There was a significant difference in miR-206 levels of children with RSV bronchiolitis in the acute stage(0.055 ±0.018) and the convalescent stage(0.187 ±0.069) as well as the healthy controls(0.204 ± 0.075).Through pairwise comparison, the miR-206 levels in the children in the acute stage were significantly lower than those in the convalescent stage and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.01), but no statistical significance was found between the convalescent stage group and healthy control group(P ＞ 0.05).The levels of KLF4 mRNA of children in the acute stage,convalescent stage as well as the healthy subjects were 0.588 ± 0.161,0.086±0.024,0.075 ±0.019, respectively,which was significantly difference (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-17 were (58.26 ±25.88) ng/L, (9.87 ± 3.01) ng/L, (7.65 ± 2.16) ng/L, respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Compared to the convalescent and the normal control group,both the KLF4 mRNA and IL-17 levels were markedly higher in the acute stage (P ＜ 0.01), but there were no significant differences between children with RSV bronchiolitis in convalescent stage and in the healthy controls (P ＞ 0.05).Furthermore, the result of this study showed a negative correlation between the expression of miR-206 and KLF4(r =-0.624 ,P ＜0.01)and IL-17 (r =-0.609 ,P ＜0.01) in children in the acute stage and a positive correlation between KLF4 mRNA and IL-17 in children in the acute stage (r =0.662, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The levels of miR-206 may play a role in the onset of RSV associated post-bronchiolitis (PB) and the low expression of miR-206 in children infected with RSV may increase the susceptibility to PB.