Objective To explore the predictive value of primary tumor site for loco?regional recurrence ( LRR) in early breast cancer patients with one to three positive axillary lymph nodes after radical surgery. Methods The clinical data of 656 patients pathologically diagnosed with pT1?2 N1 M0 breast cancer who received radical surgery without postoperative radiotherapy in our hospital from 1998 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. In those patients, 156 had primary tumor located in the inner quadrant, 45 in the central quadrant, and 455 in the outer quadrant. LRR and local recurrence?free survival ( LRFS) were end points. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to estimate LRR and LRFS rates. The log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression model. Results The 5?and 10?year sample sizes were 416 and 191, respectively. The 5?and 10?year LRR rates were 8?6% and 12?9%, respectively, while the 5?and 10?year LRFS rates were 86?2%and 76?4%, respectively. The univariate analysis indicated that age, pT stage, Ki67 level, molecular classification, and primary tumor in the inner quadrant were significant influencing factors for LRR ( P=0?000,0?006,0?017,0?004,0?000). The multivariate analysis showed that age no greater than 35 years, primary tumor in the inner quadrant, and non?luminal subtype in molecular classification were independent prognostic factors for LRR and LRFS ( P=0?0012,0?012,0?005) . With an increasing number of risk factors ( ≥ 2 ) , patients with primary tumor in the inner quadrant had a dramatically increased LRR rate and a reduced LRFS rate, while patients with primary tumor in the outer or central quadrant kept the same LRR and LRFS rates. Conclusions The primary tumor site holds promise for prediction of LRR and LRFS in patients with pT1?2N1M0 breast cancer after radical surgery. Patients with primary tumor located in the inner quadrant have a high LRR rate and a low LRFS rate, which provides an excellent predictor for the risk of recurrence in patients with high?risk breast cancer.

Objective To compare the efficacy and side effects between systemic chemotherapy and hepatic arterial infusion by combination of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX-6) with 5-fluorouracil in the patients who have developed hepatic metastasis after colorectal cancer operation. The factors that would affect the prognosis without operational treatment were also analyzed. Methods 46patients who had signed the informed consents were allocated into two groups: the group with general chemotherapy (Trial Group includes 26 cases) and the one with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (Control Group includes 20 cases). The total effective rate, the prognosis, the cytoxicitic side effects,quality of life, the total survival rate and the responses were the main parameters determined. Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze Mono-factor to the prognostic responses and the Cox mode was used to analyze poly-factor to the prognostic responses. Results The overall survival rate was significantly higher by using systemic treatment versus HAI(median, 15. 0 v 11.2 months;P＜0.05). The difference in overall responsive rate (CR+PR) between the two groups was statistically significant (50% v 10%;P=0. 011). No significant difference was found in PS scale during the treatment. (P=0. 126). Except for myelosuppression and abdominal pain, no significant difference was found in the other side effects. Univariate analysis revealed that the invasive lesions to serosa, the distribution of liver metastases, the size and number of liver metastases, primary carcinoma involving lymph nodes and the treatment were correlated with prognoses. Cox regression analysis showed that the larger diameter of liver metastases, the number of liver lesions, primary carcinomas involved in serosal layer and the treatment modules were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy regiment has a better responsive rate and survival rate than the traditional infusion with 5-fluorouracil to the main hepatic artery for interventional therapy. The diameter of the hepatic metastasis larger than 5em, multiple hepatic metastasis and the primary lesions penetrating serosal layer suggest the poor prognosis. The oxaliplatin-based systematic chemotherapy has a better prognosis. Therefore,it is worth carrying on further study on modification of traditional hepatic arterial infusion and on evaluation of therapy by combination of the hepatic arterial infusion with the systematic chemotherapy.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of intertrochanteric comminuted fracture in aged patients.Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,91 cases with intertrochanteric comminuted fractures were treated by hemiarthroplasty using Zweymtüller long-stem cementless implant.There were 35 males and 56 females,with an average age of 81.2 years (range,75-94 years).There were fresh fractures in 75 cases and old fractures in 16 cases.According to classification of Evans-Jensen,there were 36 cases with type Ⅲ fracture and 55 with type Ⅳ.Osteoporosis was graded by Singh index,and there were 51 cases with level Ⅲ and 40 with level Ⅱ.The interval between injury and operation was 2-10 d (average,3.5 d).Results The surgery lasted 30-50 min (average,39 min).The blood loss was 320-610 ml (average,405 ml).The hospital stay was 14-21 d (average,16.5 d).Two cases who experienced with the infection of the respiratory system after operation,recovered through routine treatment.Thirty-seven cases were followed up for 15 to 38 months (average,24.5 months).According to the Harris score,the overall rate of excellent or good result was 83.8％ (31/37).Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty using Zweymüller long-stem cementless prosthesis is reliable option for intertrochanteric comminuted fracture in the aged patients.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis is one of the most common senile chronic degenerative diseases in China.Due to its complex pathogenesis and cellular molecular communication pathways,there is currently no effective method to slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.Studies have found that transforming growth factor-β is one of the key factors in the maintenance and regulation of joint stability and plays a significant role in the formation of early joints,as well as the development of bone and cartilage,and the remodeling of joints at various stages. OBJECTIVE:To review the regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β subfamily in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,both domestically and internationally in recent years,to analyze the impacts it has at different stages of osteoarthritis,and to explore the potential application prospects of transforming growth factor-β in the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis,with a view to informing clinical treatment protocols.. METHODS:The relevant articles were searched by computer from CNKI Database and PubMed Database.The search terms were"osteoarthritis,transforming growth factor,signaling pathway,bone remodeling,cartilage degeneration,angiogenesis,treatment"in Chinese and English,respectively.Finally,57 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains a subject of ongoing exploration with no unified consensus.Numerous studies highlight the close correlation between osteoarthritis and cytokines,focusing on the transforming growth factor-β superfamily as a pivotal mechanism and therapeutic breakthrough.Transforming growth factor-β plays a crucial role in early joint cartilage formation and maintenance,promoting cartilage repair.However,post-joint formation,its protective effect weakens,leading to potential destructive consequences.This dual regulatory role is a current clinical treatment focus,necessitating further research to delineate its application scope for standardized protocols.Highly active transforming growth factor-β participates in the regulation of bone cells,osteoblasts,and osteoclasts under mechanical stress,and intervenes in the subsequent remodeling of bone microstructure.Specific inhibitors present potential targeted therapeutics,yet their safety and efficacy in clinical settings require refinement.Vascular proliferation may serve as a potential disruptive pathway in transforming growth factor-β-mediated cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling.Abnormal communication pathways can further disrupt the homeostasis of the microenvironment of osteochondral units,thereby accelerating key pathological progressions of osteoarthritis.Research on transforming growth factor-β in osteoarthritic contexts is comprehensive,holding broad clinical application prospects.Drugs related to transforming growth factor-β are in clinical trial phases,but addressing potential impacts on other tissues and precise control of targeted delivery are critical concerns.As research advances,there is optimism for innovative breakthroughs in slowing the progression of osteoarthritis in the future.

Objective:To explore the accuracy of mpMRI combined with Partin table, MSKCC nomogram and CAPRA score in predicting extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion of prostate cancer.Methods:From January 2016 to June 2021, a total of 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were selected. The average age of patients was (68.3±3.5) years, the average preoperative PSA level was (24.5±7.1)ng/ml, and the average percentage of positive cores in biopsy was 44.3%. The clinical T 1c stage was determined in 67 cases (37.6%), T 2a in 69 cases (38.8%) and T 2b-2c in 42 cases(23.6%). Biopsy Gleason score of 3+ 3=6 was found in 45 cases(25.3%), 3+ 4=7 in 41 cases(23.0%), 4+ 3=7 in 26 cases(14.6%), 8 with different combinations in 36 cases(20.2%), and 9 or 10 in 30 cases(16.9%). According to preoperative PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage, age, total biopsy cores and positive cores, the posibility of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion were predicted using 2012-version Partin table and MSKCC nomogram. CAPRA score of each patient was calculated. The prediction schemes were built as follows: ①mpMRI alone, ②mpMRI combined with Partin scale, ③mpMRI combined with MSKCC nomogram, ④mpMRI combined with CAPRA score. The results of each prediction scheme were compared with postoperative pathological reports. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between predictive results and postoperative pathological outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic curve of each prediction scheme was drawn. The area under curve was used to compare the predictive accuracy of each combination scheme for the pathological results of prostate cancer. The decision analysis curve of each prediction scheme was drawn. The clinical benefits of each scheme were analyzed by comparing the net return under different risk thresholds. Results:mpMRI predicted extracapsular extension in 21 cases(11.8%) and seminal vesicle invasion in 16 cases(9.0%). The postoperative pathological results reported extracapsular extension in 27 cases(15.2%) and seminal vesicle invasion in 39 cases(21.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed that mpMRI and clinical scales were predictors related to the pathological results of prostate cancer( P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve of each scheme showed that the area under curve for predicting extracapsular extension by using mpMRI, mpMRI combined with Partin table, mpMRI combined with MSKCC nomogram and mpMRI combined with CAPRA score were 0.599, 0.652, 0.763 and 0.780, respectively, and the area under curve for predicting seminal vesicle invasion were 0.607, 0.817, 0.826 and 0.820, respectively. Compared with simple application of mpMRI, except that the scheme of mpMRI combined with Partin table had no obvious advantage in predicting extracapsular extension( P=0.117), any other combined scheme had higher prediction accuracy( P<0.01). mpMRI combined with MSKCC nomogram or CAPRA score was better than mpMRI combined with Partin table in predicting extracapsular invasion ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in predicting seminal vesicle invasion among these three combination schemes ( P>0.05). The net income of the combined prediction scheme was higher than that of using mpMRI alone under any risk threshold. The scheme of using mpMRI combined with MSKCC nomogram had the highest net income. Conclusions:mpMRI combined with clinical scales has good accuracy in predicting pathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Chinese population. Compared with other schemes in this study, the combination scheme of mpMRI combined with MSKCC nomogram has the highest prediction accuracy.

Background: Red blood cell distribution width/platelet count ratio (RPR) is a reliable prognostic assessment indicator for numerous diseases. However, no studies to date have examined the relationship between RPR and the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between RPR and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Methods: We retrospectively studied 143 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and used the median value as the RPR threshold. We also investigated the correlation of pretreatment RPR level with clinical characteristics and its impact on DLBCL prognosis. Results: Using the median value as the cut-off, patients with DLBCL were divided into a low RPR group (＜0.0549) and a high RPR group (≥0.0549). Patients in the high RPR group were older, had a later Ann Arbor stage, were prone to bone marrow invasion, and had a higher National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index score (P ＜ 0.05). A survival analysis showed that progression-free survival (PFS) (P =0.003) and overall survival (OS) (P ＜0.0001) were significantly shorter in the high versus low RPR group. A multifactorial Cox analysis showed that bone marrow invasion and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were separate risk factors for PFS (P ＜0.05), while an RPR ≥0.0549 and elevated LDH were separate risk factors for OS (P ＜0.05). Conclusion A high RPR (≥0.0549) in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis.

Objective:To compare the clinical utility of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:From April 2022 to July 2022, 17 patients (14 males, 3 females, age 36-73(54.4±10.1) years) with newly diagnosed HCC who underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging within 3 d in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were prospectively enrolled. ROIs were drawn from normal liver tissue (L), abdominal aorta (A), right gluteus medius (M), and SUV max of these regions were compared with the SUV max of primary tumor (T). Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG PT/CT, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and enhanced MRI detected 1(0, 2), 2(1, 5) and 2(1, 4) tumor lesions of the liver in each patient respectively ( H=7.10, P=0.029), and 18F-PSMA-1007 detected more lesions than 18F-FDG ( P=0.024). Although SUV max of 18F-PSMA-1007 in HCC was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (25.7(17.1, 45.1) vs 6.3(2.9, 12.4); z=3.39, P=0.001), there was no significant difference of T/L ratio between 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (2.7(2.1, 4.7) vs 1.6(1.0, 4.5); z=0.52, P=0.602). T/A and T/M ratios were significantly higher in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging than those in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging ( z values: 3.15, 3.53, P values: 0.002, <0.001). 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging found high uptake foci in the liver and ribs in 2 cases, which were pathologically confirmed as bone metastasis of HCC, while those lesions were not found by 18F-FDG imaging. Conclusion:Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates higher tumor uptake, more intrahepatic tumors foci and distant bone metastases.

In order to determine the changes of bacterial community structure and function in the early, middle and late stage of aerobic composting of chicken manure, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to determine and analyze the 16S rRNA sequence of samples at different stages of composting. Wayne analysis showed that most of the bacterial OTUs in the three composting stages were the same, and only about 10% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed stage specificity. The diversity indexes including Ace, Chao1 and Simpson showed a trend of increasing at first, followed by decreasing. However, there was no significant difference among different composting stages (P < 0.05). The dominant bacteria groups in three composting stages were analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. The dominant bacteria phyla at three composting stages were the same, but the abundances were different. LEfSe (line discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size) method was used to analyze the bacterial biological markers with statistical differences among three stages of composting. From the phylum to genus level, there were 49 markers with significant differences among different groups. The markers included 12 species, 13 genera, 12 families, 8 orders, 1 boundary, and 1 phylum. The most biomarkers were detected at early stage while the least biomarkers were detected at late stage. The microbial diversity was analyzed at the functional pathway level. The function diversity was the highest in the early stage of composting. Following the composting, the microbial function was enriched relatively while the diversity decreased. This study provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the regulation of livestock manure aerobic composting process.
Animals ; Manure/microbiology* ; Chickens/genetics* ; Composting ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Soil ; Bacteria/genetics*

【Objective】 To analyze the basic characteristics of whole blood donors from blood stations before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. 【Methods】 After excluding invalid data, data related to the basic characteristics of whole blood donors collected from 26 blood stations in China during 2018 to 2021 were statistically analyzed, including the trend of total whole blood donors, the number of repeated blood donors, the frequency of blood donation, the average age of donors and the recruitment of first-time blood donors. 【Results】 Affected by the epidemic, 8 out of 14 indicators were with large variations, accounting for 57%. The overall growth rate of total whole blood donors during the epidemic was higher than before the epidemic (P<0.05).The number of repeated blood donors has shown an increased trend, with a higher number during the epidemic than before (P<0.05). The frequency of blood donation was lower during the epidemic than before(P<0.05).Average ages of blood donors and female blood donors fluctuated widely during the epidemic, both higher than those before the epidemic(P<0.05).The donation rate of first-time blood donors <25 years old and ≥25 years old varied widely and irregularly during the epidemic (both P<0.05). The percentage of first-time blood donors fluctuated irregularly during the epidemic, with overall percentage lower than that before the epidemic(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Whole blood donors from 26 blood stations increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, and some indicators in certain areas showed significant fluctuations during the epidemic.