Notch signaling, a highly conserved pathway, is wide-ly found in invertebrates and vertebrates. By mediating cell com-munication, it can regulate many physiological and pathological processes in various kinds of cells, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in multi-cellular organism. Accu-mulating evidence shows that abnormality in Notch signaling is highly related to diabetes mellitus and its complications. Accord-ingly, this paper reviews the molecular basis of Notch signaling and the relations between its abnormal expression and diabetes mellitus, and focuses on the impact of key elements in the Notch signaling pathway on diabetic complications as well as correlative mechanisms.

This study is to report the study of protective effects of myricitrin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and the investigation of the possible mechanisms of action of myricitrin. The model of H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was used to determine the protective effects of myricitrin. The levels of LDH, MDA and the activities of SOD, NO were measured using the respective kits. The H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was detected using MTT reduction, TUNEL assay, JC-1 and ROS staining. The activation of Caspase-3 was also measured by fluorometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined with Western blotting assay. Myricitrin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results show that myricitrin could attenuate H2O2-induced decrease in the activities of SOD (P < 0.01). Myricitrin could decrease the levels of LDH, MDA and increase cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01). Myricitrin had protective effects in a dose-dependent manner between 32 micromol x L(-1) to 64 micromol x L(-1). Myricitrin pretreatment could attenuate H2O2-induced increase of p-ERK. Moreover, myricitrin pretreatment could up-regulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, down-regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and decrease the expression of Caspase-3, 9. In conclusion, myricitrin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Myricitrin can enhance the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and decrease the production of free radicals. The possible mechanisms of action of myricitrin are due to myricitrin-mediated inhibition of phosphorylation of the apoptosis signaling pathways-related kinase ERK, up-regulation of the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, and down-regulation of the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein.

Aim To investigate the changes in the ex-pression of WNK1 in spinal cord of a rat model with bone cancer pain. Methods Female SD rats, weig-hing 170 ~200 g, were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (group C, n=3), sham operation group ( group S, n =3 ) and bone cancer pain group ( group BCP, n =24 ) . Group C was not given any treatment, and group S was injected into the bone marrow of left tibia with 5 μl PBS solution while group BCP with 5 μl WALKER 256 mammary gland cancer cell suspension (approximately 1 × 105 cells). Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT ) was measured at d1 before inoculation ( baseline) and d3, 6,9,10,11,12 after inoculation. Group S and C were sacrificed at d 12 while group BCP at d 3 ,6 ,9 ,12 after inoculation and spinal cord ( L4~6 ) were removed at different time points for detection of WNK1 mRNA ex-pression by qRT-PCR and WNK1 protein expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group C and S,group BCP’ s MWT started to decrease since d 3 ( P<0. 05 ) . The mRNA expression of WNK1 in spinal cord was up-regulated(P<0. 05) from d 3 showing an increasing trend over time until d 9 ( peak ) and then down-regulated to d 12 ( P >0. 05 ) while the protein expression upregulated since d6 and also showed an in-creasing trend to d 12 ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The expression of WNK1 in spinal cord of a rat model with bone cancer pain increased abnormally, which may be involved in the occurrence and maintenance of a rat model with bone cancer pain.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal CLP257 on the bone cancer pain in rats.Methods Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),bone cancer pain group (group BCP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,and CLP257 group.Bone cancer pain was induced by inoculating Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cell suspension (about 1× 105cells) 10 μl into the medullary cavity of the left tibia.On 7th-9th days after establishment of the model,5％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in group DMSO,and 10 μg/μl CLP257 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in group CLP257.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured on 1 day before establishment of the model (T0),on 1st-6th days after establishment of the model (T1-6),and at 4 h after intrathecal administration on 7th-9th days after establishment of the model (T7-9).After the last intrathecal administration,the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) protein and mRNA by Western blot and fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in BCP and DMSO groups,and the MWT was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA in group CLP257 (P＞0.05).Compared with group BCP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group CLP257 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DMSO (P＞0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal CLP257 can attenuate the bone cancer pain in rats.

Objective To study the anatomy of splenic hilum blood vessels in order to thread ligature(endoligature)instead of using stapler during the process of laparoscopic splenectomy and to evaluate the prelimnary clinical results.Methods 41 children patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy with this technique(endoligature)for various hematologic and autoimmune disorders,including 25 cases of hereditary spherocytosis,13 idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura,and 3 hypersplenic granulocytopenia.The anatomy of splenic pedicle,the adjacent relation between splenic vessel and pancreas were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography preoperatively.The above-mentioned parameters were compared with that found intraoperatively.Results The relationships of splenic vessel and pancreas was of type Ⅰ in 24 cases and type Ⅱ in 17.In 31 cases,the major splenic blood vessels were ramified into branches 2 cm away from the hilum and in 10 it was within 2 cm as detected by preoperative ultrasonography.These characters were largerly identified by laparoscopic laparotomy,and in all the 41 cases laparoscopic splenectomy was successfully accomplished using this endoligature instead of vasculature stapler.There was no serious complication.The mean operating time was(114 ±31)min,the estimated blood loss was(51 ±23)ml.Conclusions Ultrasonography could identify the anatomic type of splenic vessel,and its relation with the pancreas.Endoligature in the management of splenic pedicles during laparoscopic splenectomy is safe and reliable.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)resistance to macrolide antibiotics.Methods Twenty strains of clinical isolates of Uu with variable resistance to macrolides and reference strain ATCC 27618 were examined for mutations in 23SrRNA.Results As compared with the sequence of reference strain ATCC 27618 and GenBank,three mutations were found in 23SrRNA of Uu clinical isolates.C2243N(TorC)was found in the 23SrRNA in 5 strains with the phenotype resistance to roxithromvcin and azithromycin.A2149C and A2181T were found in the 23SrRNA in 9 strains with the phenotype resistance to roxithromycin and midrange resistance to azithromycin,and 6 strains with the phenotype of sensitivity to roxithromyein and azithromycin.Conclusions The mechanisms of Uu resistance to roxithromycin and azithromycin may be related with the mutations in 23SrRNA.It may warrant further investigation.

Objective To explore the application value of real-time shear wave elastography(SWE) in the liver injury caused by the blast injury.Methods The abdominal mild,moderate and severe blast injury animal models were built,liver and abdominal cavity conventional ultrasound scan and liver SWE measurement were processed before and immediately post-blast,and then the two groups' liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the liver pathology results were compaired.Results The conventional ultrasound scan,immediately after the injury,had found no abnormities of the hepatic tissue in the mild blast injury group,while varying degrees of liver capsular rupture,part of the liver parenchyma regional uneven echo,subcapsular hematoma,obvious liver parenchyma interruption,effusion between the disruption of liver parenchyma and abdominal cavity effusion etc.a series of liver injury had been found in the moderate and severe groups,and the severe blast injury group was more obvious.Three groups' immediately liver elasticity and ALT of post-blast liver injury were increased compared with the pre-blast,the liver elasticity and ALT of each group pre-and post-blast comparing had statistically signifcant (P ＜0.05),and the three groups post-blast immediately liver elasticity and ALT and any two groups' comparing also had statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions After the blast injury,the changes of liver elasticity were associated with the liver injury degree,the higher elasticity values suggest the heavier damage.Based on conventional ultrasonography,SWE could provide a new evaluation method for the judgement of liver balst injury,especially in the diagnosis of mild liver blast injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of genistein on the mRNA expressions of collagen (Col), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP ) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in human embryonic skin fibroblasts (CCC-ESF-1).MethodsThe cultured CCC-ESF-1cells were divided into a black control group, an estradiol group and genistein groups of different doses. The mRNA expressions of ColⅠ, ColⅢ , MMP-1, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the black group, estradiol and medium dose of genistein (0.451 ± 0.037, 0.446 ± 0.047vs.0.385 ± 0.061, allP<0.05) could promote the proliferation of the CCC-ESF-1 cells, estradiol and medium dose of genistein could up-regulate the mRNA expressions of ColⅠ (0.960 ± 0.012, 0.929 ± 0.015vs.0.812 ± 0.014, allP<0.01), ColⅢ (0.892 ± 0.009, 0.824 ± 0.022vs.0.768 ± 0.025, allP<0.01), TIMP-1 (0.841 ± 0.023, 0.838 ± 0.053vs.0.751 ± 0.027, allP<0.01) and TIMP-2 (0.456 ± 0.017, 0.448 ± 0.036vs.0.381 ± 0.029, allP<0.01), and down-regulate MMP-1 mRNAexpression (0.398 ± 0.043, 0.402 ± 0.044vs.0.525 ± 0.006, allP<0.01).Conclusions Genistein could promote the proliferation of the CCC-ESF-1 cells, and that may be related with up-regulating the mRNA expressions of ColⅠ, ColⅢ , MMP-1, TIMP-1and down-regulating MMP-1 mRNA expression.

This article was aimed to study constructive standards for the database of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) documentation. Refer to relevant national standards, specifications and other fields of universal standards such as metadata specification of health information dataset, medical science data sharing, metadata standard, data of pop-ulation health sciences shared metadata standard, basic scientific data sharing network project standard, Chinese A-cademy of Sciences data application environment construction and service standards, combined with the specification for TCM literature resources, Chinese medicine literature database was constructed. The results showed that 6 major categories and 17 specifications were established to standardize the construction of TCM literature database. It was concluded that the standardization of TCM literature database was able to realize TCM literature database construc-tion standard and process, and to facilitate the sharing of TCM data resources.

Objective To explore the short?term functional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by re?verse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion. Methods 8 patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor resection between January 2013 and December 2014. 5 were female and 3 were male, mean aged was 38 years old (25-61). 2 chon?drosarcomas and 6 giant cell tumors. Enneking stageing of 2 cases with chondrosarcoma were stageⅠB and stageⅡB. 6 giant cell tumors were Campanacci stage 3, meanwhile 3 cases had pathological fractures. The deltoid and axillary nerve were intact in all patients by image analysis before the operation. The proximal humerus was resected according to Malawer typeⅠresection. Then reverse shoulder arthroplasty reconstruction and bone graft was performed. The follow?up was scheduled, and the patient received X?ray examination of the shoulder. The range of motion of the shoulder was measured, the Constant?Murley score and musculoskel?etal tumor society(MSTS) score was recorded. Results The mean duration of the operation was 2.7 h (2-3.5 h). The bleeding in the operation was 510 ml (300-850 ml). The mean length of humerus resection was 8 cm (6-10 cm). The allografts were used in 7 cases and reimplantation after tumor bone deactivation was used in one. The latissimus dorsi transfer were performed in 2 cases. The rotator cuff were resected 1-1.5 cm from the great and lesser tubercles. The follow?up was 13 months (3-26 months). No infec?tion, dislocation, or loosening of prosthesis was found by the last follow?up. The X?ray showed the case who received reimplanta?tion after tumor bone deactivation had achieved bone union 1 year postoperation,7 cases received allograft had still nonunion at the host?graft junction. Bone resorption were found in all cases in different extent but the prosthesis were stable. No local recur?rence of the tumor was found. At last follow?up, active abduction was 155° (100°-175° ) and active forward elevation was 150° (115°-170°) and Constant?Murley score was 76%(68%-87%). The MSTS score was 92%(87%-97%). Conclusion The func?tional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion was satisfied in early period. The reverse shoulder arthroplasty can be used in younger patient, but long?term results need further study.