Congenital disorders of glycosylation(CDG) are a rapidly growing group of genetic diseases that are due to defects in the synthesis of glycans and in the attachment of glycans to other compounds. Most CDG are multisystemic diseases often involving severe psychomotor retardation. The CDG causing sialic acid deficiency of N-glycans can be diagnosed by isoelectric focusing of serum transferrin. Glycan structural analysis, yeast genetics and knockout animal models are essential tools in the elucidation of novel CDG. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the pathogenesis and identification of nine primary glycosylation diseases.

To understand the current situation of public health service system by using diect network report,system report and questionaire surey, so as to provide reasomable suggestion for the existing problems.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the characteristics of holistic view and treatment based on syndrome differentiation, has rich clinical experience thousands of years and demonstrates promising effects to cure complex disease. However, due to the features of multi-component, multi-target and synergistic effect existed in TCM, the effective substances and mechanisms of action are not clear, the qualities of TCM are out of control, and scientific and correct assess system is waiting to be established. The network pharmacology is a novel subject based on the construction of multi-layer networks of disease-phenotype-gene-drug to predict the drug targets in a holistic view, and promote efficiency of drug discovery. Methodologically, network pharmacology integrated the notions of comprehensive research and systematic assessment which agree with the characteristics of holistic view and treatment based on syndrome differentiation in Chinese medicine. Our paper reviewed the challenge and chance within the modernization of TCM, the concept and technology of network pharmacology, and its preliminary application in investigation of TCM. The theoretical system of network pharmacology is emphasized, and the potential prospect of its application in modernization in TCM is focused.

The distribution of afferent terminals from VL nucleus to cruciate cortex was studied by using nerve fibers degeneration and electron microscopic technigues. Cortical area 4 could be further divided into three subdivisions according to their geographical relations to the eruciate sulcus: an anterior, a posterior and a lateral zone, respectively. It was demonstrated that the degenerating axon terminals were mainly distributed in anterior and lateral zones. Much less terminals were observed in the posterior zone. Totally 112 terminals were observed in the anterior zone. Among them, 78.6％ were seen in layer Ⅲ, 19.6％ in layer Ⅰ, 1.8％ in layer Ⅴ. Of the 112 terminals found in the lateral zone, 62.5％ were distributed in layer Ⅲ, 31.2％ in layer Ⅰ and 6.3％ in layer Ⅴ. On the other hand, only 33 degenerating terminals were found in posterior zone. their distributions were: 51.6％ in layer Ⅰ, 42.4％ in layer Ⅲ and 6.0％ in layer V. Approximately 75％ of the degenerating axon terminals examined in these three zones made synaptie contacts with dendritic spines, and 25％ with dendritic shafts. The vast majority of these synapses could be classified as asymmetrical type synapse.In area 6, most of the degenerating terminals were encountered in layer Ⅰ and Ⅲ. All of them formed asymmetrical type synapses with dendritic spines. No degenerating terminals could be found in area 3a.

Synaptic connections of commissural axon terminals from contralateral motor cortex have been studied by using anterograde degeneration and electron microscopy in the cortical area 4? of cat. The results showed that most of the commissural terminals display electron-dense type degeneration, and 92 degenerating terminals were identified in area 4?. The number of terminals in layer Ⅰ was nearly equal to layer Ⅲ. In layer Ⅲ, an asymmetrical synapse formed between a degenerating terminal and the soma of a bipolar cell was observed. In layers Ⅴ-Ⅵ, no degenerating terminal could be found. Among the total degenerating terminals, 77.2% were found to make synapses with dendritic spines, 21.7% made synapses with dendritic shafts and 1.1% with soma, and all of these synapses were of the assymmetrical type.

Objective:To compare the effects of levosimendan injection at single dose and multiple doses on the left ventricular function , biomarkers and neuroho-rmonal activity in the patients with acute exacerbation of advanced heart failure .Methods:Totally 39 patients with chronic heart failure at acute exacerbation were divided into two groups , single dose group and multiple doses group .All the patients were given loading dose of 6μg· kg-1 levosimendan at baseline , and then given 0.1μg· kg-1 · min-1 continuous 24h in-fusion pump.The above regimen was administered once again after one month and six months in the patients of multiple doses group . Left ventricular end systolic volume ( LVESV ) , left ventricular end diastolic volume ( LVEDV ) , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral annulus systolic velocity (SM), myocardial performance index (MOI), blood brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proB-NP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6(IL-6) were compared between the two groups before the treatment , and after tge three-day and 6-month treatment.Results:Compared with those before the treatment , LVESF, LVEF, Sm, MPI, NT-proB-NP, IL-6 and TNF-αin in the two groups were significantly improved after the three-day treatment (P<0.05).The indices were sig-nificantly improved in multiple doses group after the 6-month treatment when compared with those before the treatment and in single dose group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Repeated intravenous administration of levosi-mendan is superior to the single dose administration in improving hemodynamics and inflammatory factors .

OBJECTIVE:To analyse the advantages and disvantages of split tablets given to in-patients.METHODS:We collected13kinds of oral tablets(10tablets each kind and260pieces of the split tablet altogether),which were often splitted by pharmaceutists.We tested and analysed the weight variation of the split tablet on the basis of the dosage consistency metioned in the USP which is applied to the whole tablet.RESULTS:None of the13kinds of prescription drug passed the consistent testing after splitting.There was some relationship between the effect of the split tablet and its shape.It was relatively easy to break off the tablet with nick in half.The loss of dosage inevitably occurred during the process of splitting the tablet.CONCLUSION:Breaking off the tablet in half led to high ratio of weight variation.The modus operandi of splitting the tablet in half for saving expenses can only be applied to those drugs with low toxicities and relatively flat dose-effect curve.In the case of those drugs which bear high toxicities and steep dose-effect curve,carefulness should always be taken when applying such method.

Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Humans ; Poisoning ; therapy

MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey has been widely recognized, but the application in the field of traditional Chinese medicine rheumatism was less. This article aimed to summarize the application of MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey in Chinese medicine for rheumatism. This may provide certain reference for the future application.

Objective To investigate the effect of fast-aging on the excitability of hippocampus CA1 neurons in mouse and the possible interaction between fast-aging and hippocampus. Methods Using brain slice and extracellular recording technique to record the firing of hippocampus CA1 neurons in fast-aging(SA M-P/8) and normal control mice, after preprocessing, neural firing train were obtained. Using neural firing rate and inter-spike-inter to investigate interaction between fast-aging and hippocampal neural firing. Results The neural firing rate of hippocampus CA1 neurons in fast-aging mice is (1.052±0.364) Hz(n=14), while the neural firing ratein normal control mice is (4.416±1.306) Hz(n=22). In fast-aging mice, 80.5% inter spike intervel(ISI) is longerthan 1sec, but in normal control mice, 95.6% ISI is shorter than 0.5sec. Conclusion The decreased firing rate of hippocampus CA1 and longer ISI observed in the fast-aging mice indicates that fast-aging significantly inhibit hippocampal CA1 neurons excitability.