OBJECTIVE:To reduce the incidence of the preventable adverse drug events by using information technology. METHODS:The intelligent prescription screening system was developed and the hospital information system-based link between "contraindications" and diagnosis of patients,their laboratory results and creatinine clearances were realized. RESULTS:Of the total 5 546 prescriptions selected randomly within one day,46 laboratory results-related,28 diagnosis-related and 32 creatinine clearance-related contraindications were detected by the system. CONCLUSION:This link mode is practical in that those prescriptions that violating the contraindications can be found out by the system; however,the clinical effect of the intelligent prescription screening system remains to be proved.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce the function and operation of "Intelligentized prescription-monitoring system on the dosage and medication frequency of antibiotics" in order to reduce adverse drug events and increase therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: The monitoring system was evaluated and analyzed from aspects of the tools used for the research and development,software and hardware platforms,functional modules,characteristics,technical difficulties,and effectiveness of the monitoring system. Meanwhile,599 prescriptions sampled randomly were examined online. RESULTS: For the total 599 prescriptions,50 warnings appeared in the system,and which had been confirmed to be correct by experts. CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy between the dosage and (or) medication frequency and the drug package inserts can be detected with the use of monitoring system,which thus meets our expected goal.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a significant threat on health in elderly people.Many traditional Chinese herbs and their prescriptions show fairly good effect in treatment of AD.We review the results on treatment of AD from three aspects of AD' s pathogenesis, in which the natural herbs were mainly used, and present the way to the problem to be solved.

OBJECTIVE: To promote rational use of non-antimicrobials based on Intelligent Monitoring System for Dosage and Frequency of Drugs.METHODS: Base on the information system of hospital,dosage and frequency of drugs were collected from Intelligent Monitoring System for Dosage and Frequency of Drugs and connected with patients’ ages,weights,body surface areas and renal functions.1 315 hospitalized prescriptions of non-antimicrobials were randomly collected from our hospital one day.RESULTS: There were 200 warnings of overdosage each time and moderate frequency,91 warnings of overdosage each time and inadequate frequency,43 warnings of moderate dosage each time and inadequate frequency,41 warnings of moderate dosage each time and excessive frequency,15 warnings of inadequate dosage each time and moderate or inadequate frequency for drugs that needn’t be adjusted according to age and renal functions.There were 11 warnings of overdosage and excessive frequency for drugs that should be adjusted according to patients’ age and renal function.CONCLUSION: This kind of connection is practical,when prescriptions of non-antimicrobials which violate the rules of dose and (or) frequency are identified by system.But the significance of Intelligent Monitoring System for Dosage and Frequency of Drugs should be proved by practice.

Aim To develop a sensitive, rapid and ac-curate LC-MSn method for determination of midazolam/1′-hydroxymidazolam and their pharmacokinetic char-acteristics in rat brain. Methods SD rats received in-travenous injection of midazolam ( 5 mg · kg-1 ) via femoral vein, a probe drug of cytochrome P450 3A. The microdialysis ( MD ) samples in situ brain were collected every 8 mins at 2. 0μl·min-1 in 2. 4 hours. Analytes in brain dialysate were quantified by the pro-posed LC-MSn method. Gradient elution was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus-C18 column ( 2 . 1 × 50 mm, 3. 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 2 mmol ·L-1 ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. The analyte was detected using electrospray ionization ( ESI ) in multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) modes. The reac-tion selected ions were 326 . 1/291 . 1 m/z for midazo-lam, 342. 1/324. 1 m/z for 1′-hydroxymidazolam and 285. 1/154. 0 m/z for diazepam as internal standard. Result The linear ranges of midazolam and 1′-hydroxymidazolam were 0 . 78~100 and 0 . 195 ~12 . 5μg·L-1 respectively. The lower limit of quantification was 0 . 2 μg · L-1 . The RSD of intra- and inter-batch precisions was less than 7 %. The RSD of accuracy was from -1 . 34 to -8 %. Conclusion This sensi-tive and rapid LC-MSn method is suitable for determi-nation of midazolam/1′-hydroxymidazolam in rat brain dialysate. MD combined with LC-MSn method may give assistance to deep and further studies of drug metabo-lism and CYP3A enzyme in brain.

Objective:To understand the use of antibiotics in our hospital to provide clinical drug reference. Method:The hospital outpatient and emergency prescriptions in 2007 were randomly selected and according to clinical pharmacology knowledge and literature material,sorting of the antibiotics use frequency and category was carried out,and the statistics and rationality about the antibiotics prescriptions were classified and analyzed.Result:According to the use frequency(DDDs),the top 3 kinds were ornidazole,levofloxacuin and azithromycin.Cephalosorins,quinolones and macrolides were most frequently used in clinic.In the total 10,800 prescriptions audited,3842 antibiotic prescriptions and 409 irrational prescriptions were used respectively in the drug solvent which presented problems in the dosage regimen,pharmacological effects and rational drug use.Conclusion:The use of antibiotics in the hospital was basically reasonable,but there were still some problems and the need to further improve the prescription audit would be helpful for the rational use of antibiotics.

Parkinson's disease is a kind of familiar diseases troubling old people in China.It's recognized internationally that DBS is the best method to control Parkinson's disease.This paper designs a kind of DBS without internal electrical source,which can greatly decrease the treatment cost for Parkinson's disease.The structure,circuit philosophy and experiments on rats are also mentioned.

Objective To compare the outcome of double Endobutton plate versus clavicular hook plate (CHP) in treatment of Tossy grade Ⅲ acromioclavicular dislocation.Methods A cohort of 82 patients with Tossy grade Ⅲ acromiocavicular dislocation treated between January 2010 and August 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.Based on the treatment choices,the patients were divided into double Endobutton group (36 cases) and CHP group (46 cases).Operative situation,in-hospital parameters,and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) of the shoulder,shoulder abduction-rise or anteflexionrise,Constant-Murley shoulder score as well as complications were evaluated.Results There were no statistical differences between the two groups in aspects of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and length of stay.Mean time to return to work was (13.1 ± 1.4) weeks in double Endobutton group,shorter than (15.5 ±2.6) weeks in CHP group (P ＜0.01).No statistical difference was observed for postoperative complications between the two groups.At postoperative 12 months,VAS was lower in double Endobutton group [(2.1 ± 0.7) points] vs CHP group [(2.9 ± 0.8) points,P ＜ 0.05],but abductionrise and anteflexion-rise were higher in double Endobutton group [(138.6 ± 15.7) °,(140.3 ± 17.6) °] vs CHP group [(91.7 ±8.4)°,(96.7 ± 10.5)°,P＜0.05].Conclusion To treat Tossy grade Ⅲ acromioclavicular dislocation,double Endobutton plate is associated with less shoulder pain,quicker recovery,better shoulder function restoration compared with CHP and there is no need for a second surgery to remove it.

Objective To investigate neuroprotective mechanisms of vinpocetine by observing the effects of vinpocetine injection on the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65,cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the ischemic cortex,and infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was induced by suture method.The rats were randomly divided into a normal control,a cerebral ischemiareperfusion and a vinpocetine groups.They were also divided into either a day 7 subgroup or a day 14 subgroup (n =6 in each subgroup) according to the reperfusion time.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of PPARγand NF-κB P65 in the ischemic cortex.Triphenyl tetrazolium staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Results Western blot showed that at day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,expression levels of PPARκ (all P＜0.001) and NF-κB p65 (all P＜0.001) in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group,the expression levels of PPARκ (all P ＜0.05) in the vinpocetine group were significantly higher than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group,but the expression levels of NF-κB p65 (all P ＜0.05) were significantly lower than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that COX-2 mRNA expression levels were upregulated significantly at day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion compared with the sham operation group (all P ＜ 0.001),the expression levels of COX-2 mRNA in the vinpocetine group were significantly downregulated compared with the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P＜ 0.05).The infarct volumes at day 7 (134.308± 9.954 mm3vs.185.543 ± 9.100 mm3;q=10.659,P＜0.001) and at day 14 (137.865 ± 9.094 mm3vs.183.210±4.368 mm3;q=11.166,P＜0.001) in the vinpocetine group were significantly less than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Conclusions Vimpocetine significantly reduces infarct vohme after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,its mechanism may be associated with upreguhtion of PPARγexpression and downreguhtion of the expressions of NF-κB p65 and COX-2.

BACKGROUND:Nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial celulose (nHA/BC) composite scaffolds prepared by nano-bionics method exhibit a structure and performance similar to natural bone. OBJECTIVE:To study the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of nHA/BC composite scaffolds. METHODS:(1) Acute systemic toxicity test: nHA/BC leach liquor and normal saline were respectively injected intraperitonealy into Kunming mice. After 24, 48, 72 hours, the body mass of mice was recorded. (2) Sensitization test: nHA/BC leach liquor and normal saline were respectively injected subcutaneously into the back of Japanese white rabbits. With 72 hours of injection, edema and erythema were observed, and the experiment was done again at an interval of 14 days. (3) Pyrogen test: nHA/BC leach liquor and normal saline were respectively injected into the ear vein of Japanese white rabbits, and after injection, the body temperature of rabbits were determined. (4) Hemolysis test: Diluted rabbit anti-coagulant was added into nHA/BC leach liquor, normal saline and distiled water, respectively. (5) Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from rabbits were co-cultured with nHA/BC materials, and then, cel proliferation, growth and adhesion on the material surface were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: nHA/BC composite scaffold was of no acute systemic toxicity, non-alergenic, no pyrogenic and hemolytic reactions; nHA/BC had a three-dimensional porous structure that was better for growth, proliferation and adhesion of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. These findings indicate that the nHA/BC composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and cytocompatibility.