Objectives To investigate the activities of daily living and analysis of the influencing factors among elder hospitalization patients.Methods A series of scales including Activity of Daily Living Scale,Mini-Nutritional Assessment,Mini Mental State Examination,Geriatric Depression Scale 15,Falls Risk Assessment Tool and Euro Qol-5D Questionnaire were used to assess the physical and psychological health status among elder patients at first hospitalization,as well as their social-economic status,and to analyze the activities of daily living and influencing factors.Results Interviewees with less than nine years educational level had 5.93 (95 ％ CI:1.14-33.23)times higher risk for impaired activities of daily living than those with higher education levels.Patients with EQ-5D score ≥1 scale or with cognitive disorder showed 2.86 (95％ CI:1.04-8.05) times or 18.14 (95 ％ CI:1.64-540.63) times higher risks for impaired activities of daily living than their normal controls,respectively.The risks for the decreasing activities of daily living were increased along with ageing (P =0.025).There was a marginal correlation between regular exercise and activities of daily living(P=0.104).Conclusions Educational level,health status and cognitive function are important factors for activities of daily living among elder hospitalization cases and enlarged sample size is required for validation.

Using the cyclodextrin bonded polysiloxane (bikis〔（2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-hex-6-O-enyl)-pentakis(2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrm-polysiloxane〕) as gas chromatographic stationary phase, α-hydroxy acetones were separated and the values of the enantiomeric excess(e.e) of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were determined. The results showed that the high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) using the chiral gas chromatographic stationary phase could determine the productive rate of the asymmetric hydrogenaton reaction and evaluate the enantoselectivity of the catalyst system.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response during the perioperative period in patients with acute craniocerebral trauma.Methods Seventy ASA Ⅰ-Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 20-68 yr,with craniocerebral trauma,who required decompressive craniectomy within the next 24 h,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =35 each) ∶ control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium and maintained with remifentanil,sevoflurane and propofol and intermittent iv boluses of cisatracurium.In group D,dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused over 10 min,followed by infusion at 0.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 for 2 h.Venous blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia (baseline),2 h after the beginning of operation,at the end of operation and at 24 h after operation (T1-T4) to determine the concentrations of serum neurone specific enolase (NSE),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).Results Compared with group C,the concentrations of serum NSE,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group D (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum NSE,IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly higher at T2 and T3,and the concentration of serum TNF-α was significantly lower at T4 than at T1 in group C (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum NSE and IL-6 were significantly higher at T2 and T3 and lower at T4 and the concentration of serum TNF-α was significantly higher at T3 and T4 than at T1 in group D (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against acute craniocerebral trauma by inhibiting systemic inflammatory response during the perioperative period.

Objective:To invetigate the value of a novel puncture and drainage of intracranial hematoma for the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods:In the group there were 27 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,with mean age of 61 years. Their hematomas located in thalamus(1 patient),basal ganglia(22 patients),and lobe(4 patients).The mean(SD)hematoma volume was 40(3.2)mL,the mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)score was 10.15,and the mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score was 30.65 at admission.CT scan provided hematoma location.and the percutaneous puncture. grind and drainage were performed under the local anesthesia by using a novel puncture and drainage of intracranial hematoma.Results:No adverse events occurred during the punctures and after the procedures.One patiems died 20 days after procedure.Other patients were followed up for more than 6 months.Eight patients had a good outcome as assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)scores,15 had mild disability,2 had serious disability,and 1 was in a permanent vegetative state.Conclusions:This novel puncture and drainage of intracranial hematoma can be used in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,and it is simple and safe.

Objective To discuss the experiences in successful treatment of hyperacute traumatic intracranial hematoma with percutaneous puncture and craniotomy.Methods Pereutaneous puncture and craniotomy was performed in 12 patients with hyperacute traumatic intracranial hematomas including seven with subdural hematoma,three with epidural hematoma and two with episubdural hematoma.Before operation,there found enlargement of bilateral pupil in six patients,enlargement of unilateral pupil in six and changed breathing rhythmicity in eight.Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)was 3 points in four patients,4 points in six and 7 points in two.Results After pereutaneous puncture,enlarged pupil was retracted at different degrees in nine patients and spontaneous breathing conditions improved in seven.After crani otomy,two patients died within 24 hours,four died after 24 hours but six patients survived.The follow-up for 0.5-2 years showed four patients with sound Glasgow Outcome Score,two at vegetative state and six deaths.Conclusion Percutaneous puncture combined with craniotomy is an effective way for hyperacute intracranial hematoma.

Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for intermediate-to high-risk localized prostate cancer.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP database, and Wanfang Data to collect the controlled clinical trials of hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in patients with intermediate-to high-risk localized PCa published up to August 31, 2016.Stata 12.0 was used for meta-analysis.The difference between two groups was estimated by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95%confidence interval (CI).ResultsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 5 controlled clinical trials involving 1621 patients with PCa were included in this meta-analysis.The meta-analysis showed that overall survival (HR=1.00, 95%CI:0.85-1.17, P=0.980) and biochemical failure (RR=0.87, 95%CI:0.68-1.12, P=0.274) were comparable between the two groups.Compared with the conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, the incidence of acute gastrointestinal adverse events (grade≥2) was significantly higher in the hypofractionated radiotherapy (RR=1.94, 95%CI:1.23-3.06, P=0.004).However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of acute genitourinary adverse events (grade≥2)(RR=1.03, 95%CI:0.92-1.14,P=0.626), late gastrointestinal adverse events (grade≥2)(RR=1.17,95%CI:0.90-1.51, P=0.238), and late genitourinary adverse events (grade≥2)(RR=1.11, 95%CI:0.94-1.30, P=0.228) between the two groups.Conclusions Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy have comparable therapeutic effects in patients with intermediate-to high-risk localized PCa.Although the patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy have a higher incidence of acute gastrointestinal adverse events than those treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, the incidence of late gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse events is comparable between the two groups of patients and the adverse effects are tolerable.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate ziprasidone plasma concentration, daily dose and clinical efficacy and safety in Han Chinese and Mongolian patients with first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 123 inpatients affected by schizophrenia were recruited from the Mental Health Center of Inner Mongolia in China. Ziprasidone plasma concentration, clinical efficacy and side effects were systematically evaluated at baseline, and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Metabolic measures such as changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides, and cholesterol, were also recorded. RESULTS: 90 patients completed the study. Compared with Han patients, on average, Mongolian patients received a significantly higher ziprasidone dosage for adequate symptom control during the 6-week period and had a lower plasma concentration-to-dose ratio. The Mongolian patients also experienced greater increases in weight and BMI. No significant differences between the two ethnic groups were found in the rate of reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) total score, FBG, triglycerides, cholesterol or Q-Tc interval. CONCLUSION: Compared to Han Chinese patients, Mongolian patients appeared to have increased ziprasidone clearance and require higher doses to achieve effective treatment for schizophrenia.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; China ; Cholesterol ; Ethnic Groups ; Fasting ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Mental Health ; Plasma* ; Schizophrenia* ; Treatment Outcome ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of autophagy on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) in the presence of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) stimulation . METHODS: SCAPs treated with TNF- (0, 5, and 10 ng/mL) with or without 5 mmol/L 3-MA were examined for the expression of autophagy marker LC3-Ⅱ using Western blotting. The cells were transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid and fluorescence microscopy was used for quantitative analysis of intracellular GFP-LC3; AO staining was used to detect the acidic vesicles in the cells. The cell viability was assessed with CCK-8 assays and the cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The cells treated with TNF- or with TNF- and 3-MA were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 3 to 14 days, and real- time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, BSP, and OCN) for evaluating the cell differentiation. RESULTS: TNF- induced activation of autophagy in cultured SCAPs. Pharmacological inhibition of TNF--induced autophagy by 3-MA significantly decreased the cell viability and increased the apoptosis rate of SCAPs ( < 0.05). Compared with the cells treated with TNF- alone, the cells treated with both TNF- and 3-MA exhibited decreased expressions of the ALP and BSP mRNA on days 3, 7 and 14 during osteogenic induction ( < 0.05) and decreased expression of OCN mRNA on days 3 and 7 during the induction ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Autophagy may play an important role during the osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs in the presence of TNF- stimulation.
Autophagy ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Papilla ; cytology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; administration & dosage ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology