Objective Pest control is one of the measures in protecting ancient books.To conclude pest control methods of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Library,a suitable method for promotion can be found.Methods By integrating the practical experience of protecting ancient books in Heilongjiang University,this article discussed concrete applications of Lysimachia foenum-gracum Hance to protect ancient books from infestation.Results The pest control mechanism of Lysimachia foenum-gracum was analyzed.The best pest control effects can be achieved when we identify the origin,choose the right picking season,identify authenticity of the medicine,and correctly use it.Conclusion Using Chinese traditional medicine to keep away insect is an environmental friendly way,which is worthy of generalizing.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of the "three-step" diagnostic routine in the diagnosis of cervical high-grade lesions. Method The women with the abnormal thinprep cytology test (TCT) underwent colposcopy and biopsy,the pathobiology result was the diagnostic standard. The sensitivity and specificity of the cervical high-grade lesions was calculated. Results The identify rate of the cervical high-grade lesions from the abnormal TCT was 22.3% (340/1524), the sensitivity was 27.1% (92/340), the specificity was 97.5% (1154/1184). The sensitivity of colposcopy was 47.9% (163/340), the specificity of colposcopy was 96.4% (1141/1184). Conclusion TCT with high sensitivity is used for preliminary screening, the colposcopic examination is used to pinpoint and evaluate the lesions,the detection rate and accuracy of cervical high-grade lesions can be improved.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of propofol infusion on real-time monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Method 30 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients who underwent thyroid gland surgery were given propofol intravenously in different concentrations. BP, HR and real-time monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve were recorded with the propofol dosage varying from 3 to 6, 9, 12, 15, 18?g/(kg?min). Results The amplitude of recurrent laryngeal nerve reflex had no change with different doses of propofol infusion. The HR and BP were elevated with low doses of propofol infusion, but there were no changes when propofol concentration was 15 or 18?g/(kg?min). Conclusion Propofol infusion i.v. does not interfere with real-time intraoperative monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve, and it does not inhibit the action potential of recurrent laryngeal nerve, but can effectively decrease the cardiovescular reaction.

140?V)when the end tidal concentration of sevoflurane increased during the operation.The BIS were between 43-61 when the end tidal concentration of sevuflnrane was lower than 1.0 MAC.The BP and HR in the group decreased(P

Objective To observe effects of propofol versus urapidil on perioperative hemodynamics in patients with gallbladder opera-tion during tracheal extubation. Methods From 2010 January to 2012 December, 128 patients who were diagnosed by color B ultra /CT and then underwent gallbladder selective operation (ASAⅡ~IV) were selected, and they were divided into the propofol group (n=64) and the urapidil group (n=64). At the end of operation, patients of the two groups were given intravenous injection of propofol 1. 5 mg/kg and ura-pidil 2. 5mg/kg which were diluted with normal saline to 8 mL respectively. Sputum suction immediately after medication, and then wiped out the endotracheal tube and gave oxygen masks for 10 min. Record the systolic/diastolic blood pressure ( SBP/DSP) , heart rate ( HR) , pH, PaO2 , PaCO2 and SaO2 under double blind trial before induction, after medication, at the time of sputum suction, at the time of extuba-tion, 5 min after extubation and 10 min after extubation. At the same time, agitation during the extubation period and patients awake time were recorded. Results After extubation, cough (4. 7% vs. 26. 6%), agitation (3. 1% vs. 17. 2%) and glossoptosis (12. 5% vs. 21. 9%) in propofol group was significantly lower than urapidil group (P<0. 05). SBP/DSP and heart rate of propofol group and urapidil group were significantly increased (P<0. 05) before induction, after medication, at the time of sputum suction, at the time of extubation, 5 minafter extubation and 10 min after extubation. The recovery time of propofol group and urapidil group were of no significant differences (P>0. 05). During perioperation extubation, there was no significantly difference in terms of changes of pH, PaO2, PaCO2 and SaO2 be-tween the groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Propofol is better than urapidil in preventing adverse effect of extubation for patients with gall-bladder operation, and it will not affect the recovery time of patients.

Ph.D candidate education is the highest level of higher education. Training model of Ph.D candidate in Medical College of Georgia and University of Manitoba)has vivid characters compared with that in China,which is reflected by the training objective,qualification of students and tutors,culti-vating procedures and admission requirements for graduation. This kind of cultivating model performs stringent selection and can gradually pick out persons who are really fit for the scientific research. Ph.D candidate quality in the two universities is guaranteed by systemic and deep courses learning,immediate update of knowledge and strict evaluation system. The goal of this article is to provide experience and ref-erence for improving the education quality of medical Ph.D candidates in China.

Objective To investigate the effect of different bone cement volume injected after vertebroplasty on stress distribution of the upper and lower endplates of the injured vertebra in the flexion and extension positions by finite element analysis.Methods Two patients with osteoporotic compression fractures of L2 vertebral body were chosen.Bone cement volumes of 25％ and 50％ were respectively injected into the fractured vertebral body bilaterally.Pre-and post-operative finite element models of fractured and adjacent vertebral bodies were developed after extracting the CT data.Stress changes at L2 superior-and inferior-vertebral endplates were observed in the vertical,flexion,and extension loading.Results Stress at the upper and lower endplates of the fractured vertebra increased after bone cement injection and more increase was observed in 50％ bone cement group than in 25％ bone cement group.In the neutral position,the stress mainly concentrated at posterior vertebral body,with stress of the upper endplate improving from 0.91 × 106 N · mm to 0.93 × 106 N · mm and stress of the lower endplate from 0.98 × 106 N ·mm to 1.03 × 106 N · mm.In the anterior flexion,the stress mainly concentrated at anterior vertebral body,with stress of the upper endplate improving from 4.44 × 106 N · mm to 5.55 × 106 N · mm.In the posterior extension,the stress mainly concentrated at medial vertebral body,with stress of the upper endplate improving from 21.95 × 106 N · mm to 22.10 × 106 N · mm and stress of the lower endplate from 30.60 ×106 N · mm to 30.88 × 106 N · mm.The finite element model revealed stress at the upper and lower endplates was higher in the anterior flexion and posterior extension than in the neutral position,while in the anterior flexion the stress was comparatively higher.Conclusions A small amount of implanted bone cement act no evident effect on stress distribution of the upper and lower vertebral endplates.However,the stress changes are significant as cement volume reached up to 50％,especially in the flexion position,as may suggest an enhanced risk of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration and adjacent vertebral body fractures.

Objective To compare the effect of insulin pump continuous subcutaneous insulin (CSII) and multiple subcutaneous insulin (short-acting insulin before meals + glargine,MSII) for the short duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods Fifty-two newly diagnosed T2DM patients were randomly divided into CSII(n =29) and MSII(n =23) group.Patients in CSII group were given insulin pump continuous subcutaneous plus metformin.And patients in MSII group were given insulin by multiple subcutaneous insulin injection plus metformin.The treating periods was 2 weeks and followed up one month.Results The periods from point of insulin injection to blood glucose back to normal level in CSII group was (4.70 ±2.01) d,shorter than that in MSII group(6.90 ± 1.50) d,and the difference was significant(t =2.056,P ＜0.05).The levels of C peptide in two hours postprandial before and after treatment in CSII group were (4.24 ± 0.25) ng/L,(6.29 ± 0.56) ng/L,and (3.20 ±0.11) ng/L and (7.33 ±0.41) ng/L respectively in MSII group.The levels of C peptide in two hours postprandial after treatment were higher than that of before treatment in two groups (t =2.018,2.436 respectively,P ＜0.05),but there were no significant differences between two groups(t =0.985,P ＞ 0.05).Nineteen cases (65.5％) in CSII group were off insulin treatment in one month,and 9 cases (39.1％) in MSII group.There were significant differences in two groups(x2 =5.11,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The two treatment plans can make the improvement in terms of glucose control.However,CSII plan showed more effective than MSII.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus in aged rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats aged 18-24 months weighing 380-470 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 8 each) :control group (group C);propofol group (group P);ketamine group (group K) and propofol + ketamine group (group PK). Propofol 30 mg·kg-1·h-1 or/and ketamine 40 mg· kg-1·h-1 were infused for 2 h once a day for 7 consecutive days. After the last day of drug administration cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze (escape latency and the number of animals' swimming across the platform). The animals were sncrificed after water naze test and their hippocampi were removed for determination of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and caspase-3 expression (by immuno-histochemistry) in hippocampal CA1 region. Results There was no significant difference in escape latency and the number of the animals,swimming across the platform, the neuronal apoptotic rate (the number of apoptotic neurons/the number of total neurons) and caspase-3 expression between group C and P. In group K and PK the escape latency was prolonged,the number of animals' swimming across the platform was decreased, neuronal apoptotic rate increased and the caspase-3 expression up-regulated as compared with group C. The ketamine-induced changes were significantly attenuated by coadministration of propofol in group PK. Conclusion Coadministration of propofol can ameliorate ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.

ObjectivesTo discuss the value of the three kinds of surgical management to treat high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. MethodsThe study was conducted on 136 patients who underwent LEEP、CKC 、hysterectomy ,to compare the change of the postoperative biopsy result,the rate of cure and pregnancy. ResultAmong the postoperative biopsy result,66. 4% was consitent with pretreating histopathology,but 3.6% was upgrade,30.0% was downgrade; there were no statistical difference in the rate of cure of the three kinds of surgical management and in the rate of pregnancy of the two kinds of conization. ConclusionThe three kinds of surgical management to treat high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were effective,while LEEP was the best way.