Objective To compare the curative effect of several surgical treatments for closed urethral injury.Methods A retrospective study was done on 200 cases of closed urethral injury treated with various methods from June 2002 to June 2012,including 44 cases of anterior urethral injury treated with endoscopic transurethral realignment (anterior endoscopic group),32 cases of anterior urethral injury with transperineal urethral repair (repair group),42 cases of posterior urethral injury with transperineal urethral termino-terminal anastomosis (anastomosis group),35 cases of posterior urethral injury with endoscopic transurethral realignment (posterior endoscopic group),and 47 cases of posterior urethral injury with endoscopic transurethral and transvesical realignment (combined endoscopic group).Amount of bleeding,operation time,hospital stay as well as expense,and rate of urethral stricture and erectile dysfunction (ED) in treatment of anterior and posterior urethral injury were compared respectively.Curativeeffect and merits and faults of each treatment were observed.Results Anterior endoscopic group achieved less bleeding [(10 ± 5) ml∶ (100 ± 20) ml,P ＜ 0.05],shorter operation time and hospital stay [(15 ± 6) min∶ (40 ± 15) min,(14.2 ± 1.8) min∶ (28.5 ± 1.5) min respectively,P ＜ 0.05],lower hospital expense and urethral stricture rate[(4 715.42 ± 225.43) RMB∶ (6 886.46 ± 246.78) RMB,39％ ∶ 63％ respectively,P ＜ 0.05] as compared with repair group,but there was no statistical difference in ED rate between the two groups.Whereas in anastomosis group,the most bleeding [(200 ± 30) ml],longest operation time [(60 ± 20) minutes] and hospital stay [(28.7 ± 2.3) days],and highest hospital expense [(6 964.27 ± 275.69) RMB] and urethral stricture rate (95 ％) were detected (P ＜ 0.05).Posterior endoscopic group presented less bleeding [(15 ± 6) ml∶ (50 ± 12) ml,P ＜ 0.05] and shorter operation time [(21.4 ± 1.7) min∶ (21.2 ± 1.5) min,P ＜ 0.05] as compared with combined endoscopic group,but there were no statistical differences in hospital stay as well as expense and urethral stricture rate between the two groups.Moreover,ED rate was not statistically different among anastomosis group,posterior endoscopic group and combined endoscopic group.Conclusions Endoscopic surgery is superior to traditional surgery in terms of blood loss,operation time,hospital stay,and hospital cost.Besides,urethral stricture and ED rates are closely related to the location and severity of injury.

In medical equipment purchasing process, massive non-price factors' influences conduce to quite quantities of risks in the medical equipment purchase. To control the risks,this paper proposes the project management, the supplier management, the equipment traceability management and related suggestions. Management on purchaser is also discussed, which mainly includes professional stress analysis and the countermeasures research.

Objective To investigate the elimination effect of propofol on the reactive oxygen species(ROS) in patients with acute craniocerebral injury (ACI). Methods Forty patients with ACI were randomly divided into propofol group receiving propofol anesthesia and ?-OH group as control . Electron spin resonance(ESR) spectroscopy was used to determine the plasma contents of oxygen free radical (OFR), and the plasma contents of lipid peroxides(LPO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) were determined with chemical method. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia and 2, 4 hours after starting operation. Results The plasma contents of NO, OFR and LPO significantly increased before operation in patients with ACI compared with healthy subjects(all P

Aim To determine whether there existed melatonin receptor (MR) in adult hepatoma tissue and to observe its property of binding.Methods Immuno-histochemistry was used to detect MR and identify its subcellular distribution. Specific binding and kinetic analyses of melatonin receptor were measured by radioligand binding assay.Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that MT1 and MT2 existed in membrane, cytosol and nucleus of the hepatoma cells, but the expression of them principally localized in the membrane and cytosol. The specific binding assay properties of MR were presented as follows: the maximum binding capacity (B_(max)) was (0.29±0.07) pmol·g~(-1) protein. Equilibrium dissociation constant (K_d) was (48.7±6.5) pmol·L~(-1). The trait of MR, saturation and reversibility, was detected by ~(125)I-Mel specific binding kinetic analyses.Conclusions MR exists in adult hepatoma cells, furthermore, the subtypes of MR (MT1 and MT2) coexist in the membrane and cytosol, respectively,whose characters of the specific binding sites were low binding capacity,high affinity,saturation and reversibility.

Objective To investigate the possibility of transplantation of adrenocortical cells to treat insufficiency of adrenocortical function using poly-?-hybroxybutyric acid (PHB) as cell carrier.Methods Adrenocortical cells were seeded to PHB and then implanted into rats bearing bilateral adrenalectomy, while adenocortical cells implanted into the similar rats as a contrast. The changes of blood corticosterone and aldostenone and local histological changes in these rats were observed.Results The blood corticosterone and aldostenone were elevated after transplantation. The levels of blood corticosterone and aldostenone in PHB group were higher than that of control group. Histological study showed that adenocortical cells in PHB grew well.Conclusion The implanted adrenocortical cells within PHB can not only survive in rat body but also secrete corticostenone and aldostenrone which can satisfy the need of adrenalectomized rats. It is more effective to use PHB in adrenocortical cell transplantation than that cell implanted singly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of transendoscopic Doppler ultrasonogra-phy in various gastrointestinal diseases. Methods Transendoscopic Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 59 patients with various gastrointestinal diseases. Results The Doppler signals were detected beneath the peptic ulcer base in 29 of 39 patients (74. 4% ) . For acute ulcer bleeding and non - bleeding, the Doppler - positive rates were 87. 5% and 65. 2% , respectively, and the measured depth of vessels were 0. 49 mm and 0. 65mm (P

Objective To investigate the effect of PHB on the proliferation and secretion function of adrenocortical cells and the efficiency of PHB as a cell carrier in transplantation of adrneocortical cells. Methods Adrenocortical cells from rat adrenal gland were separated and cultured in vitro. The effect of PHB on the proliferation and secrete function of adrenocortical cells were evaluated by MTT and RIA method. Adrenocortical cells were seeded into PHB. After cells were cultured in vitro for about 7 days, they were implanted into rats subject to bilateral adrenalectomy. The changes of blood corticosterone and aldosterone and local histological changes were observed. Results Adrenocortical cells could grow and passage on PHB. PHB had no effect on the proliferation and secretion function of adrenocortical cells. Adrenocortical cells from autograft, allograft and xenograft greatly suppressed the proliferation of spleen cells (P

Objective To study the relationship between cerebral vascular disease (CVD) and meteorological factors. Methods From 1998 to 2002, 6186 patients with CVD in Qingdao urban were studied. There were 1179 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (CH), 4821cases of cerebral infarction (CI) and 186 cases of subarachnoid hemorrage (SAH). The relationship between the onset of CVD and meteorological factors including temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity was analyzed by circular distribution analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression. Results High incidence of CH was found in winter and the mean angle was in January ((P

Objective The quality function deployment (QFD) technique is used to quantitatively identify the improvement priorities of service factors. The study aims at identifying measures to improve community healthcare quality and methodology references for such improvement. Methods Based on the patients demand survey in the community, the AHP method is used to identify the importance of patient's needs, and then the house of quality (HOQ) technique of QFD is used to transfer such needs into the corresponding service elements of healthcare. Calculations in the end determine the final priorities of improvement measures. Results The top four priorities in the improvement include strengthening the service management and examination of the medical staff, improving the capabilities of medical staff, introducing moral evaluation for medical staff, introducing consultation &training for disease prevention, rehabilitation and healthcare. Conclusion Case studies in a community prove that quality function deployment (QFD) technique can effectively provide methodology reference for the improvement of community healthcare quality.

Objective To investigate the clinical, pathological features of Casfleman's disease (CD)and evaluate the treatment and prognosis. Methods Twenty six cases of CD diagnosed by pathological examination from January 2003 to October 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ratio of male to (76.9 %) patients are local CD(LCD) and six (23.1%) are multicentric CD (MCD). Two of them show the inereaseot reactive plasma cells in bone marrow. One patient was complicated with autoimmunal disorder. One patient complicated diffused Interstitial lung change. According to the pathological classification, twenty four patients (92.3 %) are hyaline vascular type (HV), and two (7.7 %) are plasma cell type (PC). For treatment,ninety patients (73 %) that totally LCD type accepted completely resection, three patients (11.5 %) accepted uncompleted resection, four patients (15.4 %) accepted chemotherapy COP, CHOP, ECHOP. Follow-up toOctober 2008, all the patients are alive and average survival time is 5 years. Conclusion CD is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, there are slightly more female patients than male in morbility, no age difference is found in CD. Lymphomegaly and no pain is the common symptoms. Single lymphomegaly is more often,system symptoms are commonly occurred in MCD. Pathological examination is the golden standard in diagnosis. HV type is more than PC. PC type can complicated reactive plasma cells and increase autoimmunal disorder. The patients of LCD would be cured with completely excision, and chemotherapy such as COP will significantly reduced the lymphomegaly but lightly to the systematical symptoms for MCD type.